σοφιστής: Difference between revisions

|Definition=σοφιστοῦ, ὁ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[master]] of one's [[craft]], [[adept]], [[expert]], of [[diviner]]s, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.49; of [[poet]]s, μελέταν σοφισταῖς πρόσβαλον Pi.''I.''5(4).28, cf. Cratin.2; of [[musician]]s, σοφιστὴς.. [[παραπαίων]] χέλυν A.''Fr.''314, cf. Eup.447, Pl.Com. 140; [[σοφιστῇ Θρῃκί]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[Thamyris]]) E.''Rh.''924, cf. Ath.14.632c: with modal words added, οἱ σ. τῶν ἱερῶν μελῶν Ael.''NA''11.1; of the Creator of the universe (ὁ [[δημιουργός]]), πάνυ θαυμαστὸν λέγεις σοφιστήν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 596d; of [[cook]]s, εἰς τοὺς σ. τὸν μάγειρον ἐγγράφω Alex.149.14, cf. Euphro 1.11; οἱ τὴν ἱππείαν σοφισταί. [[skilled in]].., Ael.''NA''13.9: metaph., [[σοφιστής πημάτων]] [[deviser]], [[contriver]] of [[pain]]s, E.''Heracl.''993:—then,<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[wise]], [[prudent]] or [[statesmanlike]] [[man]], in which sense the seven Sages are called [[σοφισταί]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.29, cf. Isoc.15.235, Arist.''Fr.''5, D.61.50; of [[Pythagoras]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.95; of natural [[philosopher]]s, Hp.''VM''20; of [[Isocrates]] and [[Plato]], [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus|D.H.]]''[[De Compositione Verborum|Comp.]]''25; of the [[Βραχμᾶνες]], Arr.''An.''6.16.5, cf. [[γυμνοσοφισταί]]; freq. with a slightly iron. sense, ἵνα μάθῃ σ. ὢν Διὸς νωθέστερος [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''62, cf. 944; ψυχή.. κρείσσων σοφιστοῦ παντὸς εὑρέτις S.''Fr.'' 101, cf. E.''Hipp.''921: [[proverb|prov.]], [[μισῶ]] σοφιστὴν [[ὅτις]] οὐχ αὑτῷ [[σοφός]] = I hate the sage who [[reck]]s not his own [[rede]], I hate the sage who is not wise for himself, I [[hate]] the wise man who is not [[wise]] on his own Id.''Fr.'' 905: of the philosophic [[sage]], Aristid.2.311 J.<br><span class="bld">II</span> from late v B.C., a [[sophist]], i.e. one who gave [[lesson]]s in [[grammar]], [[rhetoric]], [[politics]], [[mathematics]], for [[money]], such as [[Prodicus]], [[Gorgias]], [[Protagoras]], τὴν σοφίαν τοὺς ἀργυρίου τῷ βουλομένῳ πωλοῦντας σοφιστὰς ἀποκαλοῦσιν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.6.13, cf. ''Cyn.''13.8, Th.3.38, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 31 3c, ''Euthd.''271c, ''La.'' 186c, ''Men.''85b, Isoc.15.148, Arist.''SE''165a22; σ. ἄχρηστοι καὶ βίου δεόμενοι Lys.33.3; but sometimes even of [[Socrates]] (though he did not [[teach]] for [[money]]), Aeschin.1.173; so of Christ, Luc.''Peregr.''13: hence (from the ill repute of the professed sophists at Athens),<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[sophist]] (in bad sense), [[quibbler]], [[cheat]], Ar.''Nu.''331,''IIII'', al., Pl.''Sph.'' 268d; γόητα καὶ σοφιστὴν ὀνομάζων D.18.276.<br><span class="bld">3</span> later of the [[ῥήτωρ|ῥήτορες]], [[professor]]s of [[rhetoric]], and [[prose]] [[writer]]s of the Empire, such as [[Philostratus]] and [[Libanius]], Suid.; Ἀπολλωνίδῃ σοφιστῇ ''PLips.'' 97 X 18 (iv A.D.); freq. as a title in epitaphs, ''IG''3.625,637,680,775, 14.935.