ἄρχω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ep. inf.<br><span class="bld">A</span> ἀρχέμεναι Il.20.154: impf. [[ἦρχον]] ib.2.378, etc.; Dor. [[ἆρχον]] Pi.''O.''10(11).51: fut. ἄρξω Od.4.667, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''940, Th.1.144: aor. ἦρξα, Ep. [[ἄρξα]] Od.14.230, etc.: pf. ἦρχα ''CIG''3487.14 (Thyatira), Decr. ap. Plu.2.851f:—Med., Od.8.90, etc.; non-thematic part. [[ἄρχμενος]] Call.''Aet.''3.1.56, al.: impf., Il.9.93, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.28: fut. ἄρξομαι (in med. sense, v. infr.) Il.9.97, E.''IA''442, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.8.2; Dor. [[ἀρξεῦμαι]] Theoc.7.95: aor. ἠρξάμην Od.23.310, etc.:—Pass., pf. [[ἦργμαι]] only in med. sense, v. infr. 1.2: aor. ἤρχθην, ἀρχθῆναι Th.6.18, Arist.''Pol.''1277b13, v. infr.11.4:—to [[be first]],<br><span class="bld">I</span> in Time, [[begin]], [[make a beginning]], Act. and Med. (in Hom. the Act. is more freq., in Att. Prose the Med., esp. where personal action is emphasized), πολέμου [[ἄρχειν]] to [[be the aggressor]], Th.1.53; <b class="b3">πολέμου ἄρχεσθαι</b> to [[begin one's operations]], X.''HG''6.3.6; <b class="b3">ἄρχειν τοῦ λόγου</b> to [[open a conversation]], Id.''An.''1.6.6; <b class="b3">ἄρχεσθαι τοῦ λόγου</b> to [[begin one's speech]], ib.3.2.7. Constr.:<br><span class="bld">1</span> mostly c. gen., [[make a beginning of]], ἄρχειν πολέμοιο Il.4.335; μύθων Od.3.68; τῶν ἀδικημάτων πρῶτον τοῦτο ἄρξαι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 1.2; ἦρξεν ἐμβολῆς [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''409; <b class="b3">τοῦ κακοῦ</b> ib.353; <b class="b3">ἄρχειν χειρῶν ἀδίκων, ἄρχειν τῆς πληγῆς</b>, [[strike the first blow]], Antipho 4.2.1 and 2:—in Med. in religious sense, = [[ἀπάρχεσθαι]], [[ἀρχόμενος μελέων]] = [[beginning with the limbs]], Od.14.428, cf. [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Ion]]'' 651; but Act., σπονδαῖσιν ἄρξαι Pi.''I.''6(5).37.<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., [[begin from]] or [[begin with]]... ἐν σοὶ μὲν λήξω σέο δ' ἄρξομαι Il.9.97; ἄρχεσθαι Διός Pi.''N.''5.25; <b class="b3">πόθεν ἄρξωμαι</b>; A.''Ch.'' 855; πόθεν ποτὲ ἦρκται Hp. ''VM''5; <b class="b3">ἄρχεσθαι, ἦρχθαι ἔκ τινος</b>, Od.23.199, Hp.''Off.''11; <b class="b3">ἀπό τινος</b> freq. in Prose, <b class="b3">ἀρξάμενοι αὐτίκα ἀπὸ παιδίων</b> [[even]] from [[boyhood]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.12; but more commonly <b class="b3">ἐκ παίδων, ἐκ παιδός</b>, etc., [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 408d, ''Thg.''128d:—[[ἀπό]] in non-temporal relations, <b class="b3">ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ σοῦ</b>. i.e. [[including]] yourself, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 471c, cf. D.18.297; ἀπὸ τῶν πατέρων [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.5.15; μέχρι τῶν δώδεκα ἀπὸ μιᾶς ἀρξάμενος [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''771c; <b class="b3">ἀφ' ἱερῶν ἠργμένη ἀρχή</b> ib.771a; ἀφ' Ἑστίας ἀρχόμενος Ar.''V.''846.<br><span class="bld">3</span> c. gen. rei et dat. pers., <b class="b3">ἄρχε θεοῖς δαιτός</b> [[begin]] a [[banquet]] to the gods, Il.15.95; τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε 2.433, etc.; τῇσι δὲ.. ἄρχετο μολπῆς Od.6.101; ἦρξε τῇ πόλει ἀνομίας τὸ νόσημα Th.2.53, cf. 12; τὴν ἡμέραν ἄρχειν ἐλευθερίας τῇ Ἑλλάδι X.''HG''2.2.23; ἡμὶν οὐ σμικρῶν κακῶν ἦρξεν τὸ δῶρον S.''Tr.''871.<br><span class="bld">4</span> c. acc., <b class="b3">ἄρχειν ὁδόν τινι</b>, [[show]] him the way, Od.8.107 (but also <b class="b3">ἄρχειν ὁδοῖο</b> [[lead]] the way, 5.237): abs. (''[[sc.]]'' [[ὁδόν]]), ἄρχε δ' Ἀθήνη 3.12; σὺ μὲν ἄρχε Il.9.69; ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄρχε λέχοσδε κιών 3.447; ἦρχε δ' ἄρα σφιν Ἄρης 5.592, cf. infr. 11.2: with other accusatives, ἄρχειν ὕμνον Pi.''N.''3.10; ἅπερ ἦρξεν A.''Ag.''1529 (lyr.); λυπηρόν τι S.''El.''552; ὕβριν Id.''Fr.''368.<br><span class="bld">5</span> of actions, σέο δ' ἕξεται ὅττι κεν ἄρχῃ Il.9.102: freq. c. inf., <b class="b3">τοῖσιν δ' ἦρχ' ἀγορεύειν</b> among them, Il.1.571, etc.; <b class="b3">ἦρχε νέεσθαι, ἦρχ' ἴμεν</b>, 2.84, 13.329; ἄρχετε νῦν νέκυας φορέειν Od.22.437, etc.; ὑφαίνειν ἤρχετο μῆτιν Il.7.324; ἤρξαντο οἰκοδομεῖν Th.1.107; ἡ [[νόσος]] ἤρξατο γενέσθαι Id.2.47: c. part., of continued action or condition, ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων Il.2.378; ἢν ἄρξῃ ἀδικέων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.119; ἡ ψυχὴ ἄρχεται ἀπολείπουσα [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.7.26; πόθεν ἂν ὀρθῶς ἀρξαίμεθα ἐπαινοῦντες; Pl.''Mx.''237a, cf. ''Tht.''187a (but ἄ. ἐπαινεῖν Id.''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''241e); ἄρξομαι διδάσκων [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.8.2 (but ἤρξω [[μανθάνειν]] Id.''Mem.''3.5.22).<br><span class="bld">6</span> abs., [[ἄρχε]] = [[take the lead]]! Il.9.69: generally, [[begin]], <b class="b3">ἄρχειν [τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν] τήνδε τὴν ἡμέραν</b> Indut. ap. Th.4.118, cf. Lex ap.D.24.42; <b class="b3">τὸ ἄρχον</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τὸ ἑπόμενον</b>, Dam.''Pr.''234: part. [[ἀρχόμενος]] = [[at first]], X.''Eq.''9.3, ''Cyn.''3.8, Isoc.2.54; [[at the beginning]], ἀρχομένου δὲ πίθου καὶ λήγοντος Hes.''Op.''368, cf. ''Fr.''192.4; ἀρχομένοισιν ἢ καταπαυομένοισι [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]'' 1246; ἄρχεται ὁ πόλεμος ἐνθένδε Th.2.1; <b class="b3">ἅμα ἦρι ἀρχομένῳ</b> ibid.; <b class="b3">θέρους εὐθὺς ἀρχομένου</b> ib.47.<br><span class="bld">7</span> Gramm., of a word, ἄ. ἀπὸ φωνήεντος D.T.633.27; [[ἡ ἄρχουσα]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[συλλαβή]]) A.D.''Synt.''130.13.<br><span class="bld">II</span> in point of [[place]] or Station, [[rule]], [[govern]], [[command]],<br><span class="bld">1</span> mostly c. gen., [[rule]], [[be leader of]]... Βοιωτῶν Il.2.494, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.1, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> less freq. c. dat., ἀνδράσιν ἦρξα Od.14.230, cf. 471, Il.2.805, Pi.''P.''3.4, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''940, [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Andromache|Andr.]]''666, ''IA''337, ''IG''7.2830 (Hyettus), etc.; also <b class="b3">ἐν δ' ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ'</b> held [[command]] among them, Il.13.690, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' 238a: c. inf. added, <b class="b3">ἄρχε Μυρμιδόνεσσι μάχεσθαι</b> [[lead|led]] them [[on]] to [[fight]], Il.16.65.<br><span class="bld">3</span> abs., [[rule]], ὅσον τό τ' ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δουλεύειν δίχα [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''927, cf. ''Pers.''774; esp. [[hold a magistracy]], ὁκοῖόν τε εἴη ἄρχειν μετὰ τὸ βασιλεύειν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.67; at Athens, etc., to [[be archon]], D.21.178; <b class="b3">ἀρχάς, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν</b>, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.80, Th.6.54; <b class="b3">ἄρχειν τὴν ἐπώνυμον</b> (with or without [[ἀρχήν]]) ''IG''3.659, 693, ''SIG''872.7.<br><span class="bld">4</span> Pass., with fut. ἄρξομαι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.159, Pi.''O.''8.45, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''589, Lys.28.7; but ἀρχθήσομαι Arist.''Pol.''1259b40, D.C.65.10:—to [[be ruled]], [[be governed]], etc., ὑπό τινος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.127; ἔκ τινος S.''El.''264, ''Ant.''63; ὑπό τινι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.91, 103; σφόδρα ὑπό τινος Lys.12.92; ἄρχε πρῶτον μαθὼν ἄρχεσθαι Sol. ap.D.L.1.60, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 326d; δύνασθαι καὶ ἄρχεσθαι καὶ ἄρχειν Arist. ''Pol.''1277b14; [[οἱ ἀρχόμενοι]] = [[subject]]s, X.''An.''2 6.19, etc.