σοφός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=σοφή, σοφόν,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[skilled]] in any [[handicraft]] or [[art]], [[clever]], [[ἁρματηλάτας]] σοφός Pi.''P.''5.115, cf. ''N.''7.17; [[κυβερνήτης]] A.''Supp.''770; [[μάντις]] Id.''Th.''382; [[οἰωνοθέτης|οἰωνοθέτας]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''484 (lyr.); of a [[sculptor]], E.''Fr.''372; even of [[hedger]]s and [[ditcher]]s, Margites ''Fr.''2; but in this sense mostly of [[poet]]s and [[musician]]s, Pi.''O.''1.9, ''P.''1.42, 3.113; <b class="b3">ἐν κιθάρᾳ σοφός</b> E.''IT''1238 (lyr.), cf. Ar.''Ra.''896 (lyr.), etc.; <b class="b3">τὴν τέχνην σοφώτερος</b> ib.766; περί τι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''696c; <b class="b3">γλώσσῃ σοφός</b> [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''88.10; σοφὸς ὁ πολλὰ εἰδὼς φυᾷ, μαθόντες δὲ λάβροι Pi.''O.''2.86.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[clever in practical matters]], [[wise]], [[prudent]], <b class="b3">ὁ χρήσιμ' εἰδώς, οὐχ ὁ πόλλ' εἰδώς, σ.</b> A.''Fr.''390; esp. [[statesmanlike]], in which sense the seven Sages were so called, Dicaearch. ap.D.L.1.40: hence, [[shrewd]], [[worldly-wise]], Thgn.120, Pi.''I.''2.12, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 3.85; σ. ἄνδρες εἰσὶ Θεσσαλοὶ Id.7.130; σ. παλαιστὴς... ἀλλὰ χαἱ χαἱ σοφαὶ γνῶμαι.. ἐμποδίζονται S.''Ph.''431, cf. 440, ''Aj.''1374; <b class="b3">πολλὰ σ.</b> [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Agamemnon|Ag.]]'' 1295; <b class="b3">ἃ δεῖ σ.</b> E.''Ba.''655 sq.; τῶν λεγομένων πονηρῶν μέν, σοφῶν δέ Pl. ''R.''519a: also σοφαὶ πραπίδες Pi.''O.''11(10).10; φύσις Ar.''V.''1282: even of animals, X.''Cyn.''3.7 (Comp.), 6.13 (Sup.); σ. πειθώ Pi.''P.''9.39 codd. ([[σοφοῖς]] Bgk.); εὐβουλία [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''1038: <b class="b3">τὸ σοφόν</b> my [[little]] [[trick]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 502d; your [[clever notion]], Id.''Euthd.''293d; <b class="b3">τἀπ' ἐμοῦ σοφά, δάκρυα</b> my [[tear]]s, [[all the resources that I have]], E.''IA''1214; <b class="b3">εἰ δίκαια, τῶν σοφῶν κρείσσω τάδε</b> [[better]] than all [[craft]], S.''Ph.''1246; <b class="b3">σοφόν [ἐστι]</b> c. inf., E. ''Hec.''228.<br><span class="bld">b</span> more generally, [[learned]], [[wise]], τὸ μὲν σ. [αὐτὸν] καλεῖν ἔμοιγε μέγα εἶναι δοκεῖ καὶ θεῷ μόνῳ πρέπειν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''278d, cf. 279c, ''Prt.''329e, ''Ap.''21a (Comp.), 22c (Sup.); opp. [[ἀμαθής]], ib.25d (Comp.); of sophists, ib.20a, ''Prt.''309d, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.1.21, etc.; [[universally]] and [[ideally]] [[wise]], ὁ σ., [[τουτέστιν]] ὁ τὴν τοῦ ἀληθοῦς [[ἐπιστήμη]]ν ἔχων Chrysipp.Stoic.2.42, cf. 3.167, al.: later [[σοφώτατος]] as a title, especially of [[lawyer]]s or [[professor]]s, ''PIand.''16.4 (v/vi A.D.), ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''126.6 (vi A.D.).<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[subtle]], [[ingenious]], opp. [[ἀμαθής]] (1445) and [[σαφής]], Ar.''Ra.'' 1434 (Adv.); σοφόν τοι τὸ σαφές, οὐ τὸ μὴ σαφές [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''397; [[τὸ σοφὸν οὐ σοφία]] = [[wisdom]] [[overmuch]] is no [[wisdom]], Id.''Ba.''395 (lyr.); <b class="b3">τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτο; οὐδὲν ποικίλον οὐδὲ σοφόν</b> [[nothing]] [[curious]] or [[recondite]], D.9.37.—For the senses of ς., v. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1141a10.—mostly abs., but c. acc. rei, E.''Ba.''655, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Philebus|Phlb.]]'' 17c, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἐν οἰωνοῖς, κιθάρᾳ</b>, E. ''IT''662, 1238 (lyr.); εἴς τι Id.''Fr.''162 (Sup.); <b class="b3">περί τι</b> or τινος, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 203a, ''Ap.''19c: rarely c. gen., σοφὸς κακῶν A.''Supp.''453: also c. inf., <b class="b3">πῶς δῆτ' ἔγωγ' ἂν.. Διὸς γενοίμην εὖ φρονεῖν σοφώτερος</b>; [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''524.7.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of things, [[cleverly]] [[devise]]d, [[wise]], [[νόμος]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.196 (Sup.); [[νόημα|νοήματα]], ἔπεα, Pi.''O.''7.72 (Sup.), ''P.''4.138, etc.; [[γνῶμαι]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1091; [[νοῦς]] Id.''El.''1016; <b class="b3">πάντα προσφέρων σοφά</b> all [[wise]] [[saying]]s, Id.''Fr.''763, cf. ''Ph.''1245; χρόνου τε διατριβὰς σοφωτάτας ἐφηῦρε Id.''Fr.''479; σοφώτερ' ἢ κατ' ἄνδρα συμβαλεῖν ἔπη E.''Med.''675; σ. [[φυγή]] Id.''Supp.''151; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν σοφὸν εἶναι</b> [[show]]s no [[great]] [[wisdom]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1137a10.<br><span class="bld">III</span> Adv. [[σοφῶς]] = [[cleverly]], [[wisely]], etc., first (?) in S.(?)''Fr.''1122; then in [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Alcestis|Alc.]]'' 699, ''Ba.''1271 codd., ''Heracl.''558, Ar.''Ra.''1434, etc.: Comp. [[σοφώτερον]] E. ''Hec.''1007: Sup. [[σοφώτατα]] Id.''Hel.''1528, Ar.''Nu.''522:—[[σοφῶς]], as an [[exclamation]] of [[applause]], Plu.2.45f, Mart.3.46.8, etc. (Not in Ep., exc. in Margites [[l.c.]] and as [[ancient]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] (Eust.1023.14) in Il.23.712; but v. [[σοφία]], [[σοφίζομαι]].)