ἀφίημι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=2sg.<br><span class="bld">A</span> ἀφίης [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Philebus|Phlb.]]'' 50d, etc., 3sg. [[ἀφίησι]], also [[ἀφίει]], Ion. [[ἀπίει]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.96, 1pl. ἀφίεμεν Ar.''Nu.''1426; imper. ἀφίει Id.''V.''428: impf. [[ἀφίειν]], with double augm. ἠφίειν Pl.''Euthd.''293a; 3sg. ἀφίει Il. 1.25, ''IG''22.777.15, D.6.20, Ion. [[ἀπίει]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.157, ἠφίει Th.2.49, Pl. ''Ly.''222b, ἤφιε ''Ev.Marc.''11.16; 2pl. ἀφίετε D.23.188; 3pl. [[ἀφίεσαν]] E.''Heracl.''821, Th.2.76, D.21.79, etc., ἠφίεσαν X.''HG''4.6.11, ἠφίουν Is. 6.40 (dub.): fut. ἀφήσω Il.2.263, etc., Ion. ἀπ- [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.193: pf.ἀφεῖκα X.''An.''2.3.13, D.56.26: aor. I [[ἀφῆκα]], Ion. ἀπῆκα, Ep. [[ἀφέηκα]], used in ind. only, Il.23.841, etc.: aor. 2 ind. only in dual and pl., [[ἀφέτην]], [[ἀφεῖμεν]], [[ἀφεῖτε]] or [[ἄφετε]], [[ἀφεῖσαν]] or [[ἄφεσαν]]; imper. [[ἄφες]], subj. [[ἀφῶ]], opt. αφείην (2pl. ἀφεῖτε Th.1.139), inf. [[ἀφεῖναι]], part. [[ἀφείς]]:—Med., [[ἀφίεμαι]], Ion. [[ἀπίεμαι]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.101, Th.2.60, etc.: impf.3sg. ἀφίετο Od.23.240, D.25.47: fut. ἀφήσομαι E.''Hel.''1629: aor. 2 ἀφείμην X.''Hier.''7.11; imper. [[ἀφοῦ]], [[ἄφεσθε]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1521, Ar.''Ec.''509; inf. ἄφέσθαι Isoc.6.83, part. ἀφέμενος [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 354b; Arc.inf. [[ἀφεῶσθαι]] ''SIG''306.19(Tegea, iv B. C.):—Pass., pf. [[ἀφεῖμαι]] S.''Ant.''1165, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''635a; inf. [[ἀφεῖσθαι]] ''SIG''577.77 (Milet., iii/ii B. C.): plpf. 2sg. ἀφεῖσο Men.''Epit.''572: rarer pf. 3pl. ἀφέωνται ''Ev.Jo.''20.23, imper. ἀφεώσθω ''IG''5(2).6.14: aor. ἀφείθην E.''Ph.''1377, ἀφέθην Batr.87, Ion. [[ἀπείθην]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.112; later Aeol. inf. ἀφέθην ''Milet.''3 No.152.34 (ii B. C.): fut. ἀφεθήσομαι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 472a, etc. [ῐ mostly in Ep. (except in augm. tenses): ῑ always in Att. Hom. also has ἀφῑετε, metri gr., Od.7.126]:—[[send forth]], [[discharge]], of [[missile]]s, [[ἔγχος]], [[δίσκος|δίσκον]] ἀφῆκεν, Il.10.372, 23.432; ἀφῆκ' ἀργῆτα κεραυνόν 8.133; ἀπῆκε [[βέλος]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.18, etc.: hence in various senses, ἀ. ἑαυτὸν ἐπί τι = [[throw oneself]] upon, [[give oneself up]] to it, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 373d; ἀ. αὑτὸν εἰς τὴν πολιτείαν Plu.''Alc.''13; ἀ. [[γλῶσσα|γλῶσσαν]] [[let loose]] one's [[tongue]], [[make]] utterance, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.15, E.''Hipp.''991; ἀ. φθογγήν ib.418; ἔπος [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''731; φωνάς D.18.218; γόους E.''El.''59 (v. infr. 11.2); ἀρὰς ἀφῆκας παιδί Id.''Hipp.''1324; ἀ. θυμὸν ἔς τινας = [[give vent to]].. (v. infr. 11.2), S.''Ant.''1088; ὀργὴν εἴς τινα = [[vent]] upon... D.22.58; [[ἀ. δάκρυα]] [[shed]] tears, Aeschin.3.153; ἀ. παντοδαπὰ [[χρώμα]]τα = [[change]] [[colour]] in all [[way]]s, Pl.''Ly.''222b; freq. of [[liquid]]s, etc., [[emit]], ἀ. τὸ [[ὑγρόν]], τὸν [[θολός|θολόν]], τὸ [[σπέρμα]], etc., [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''487a18, 524a12, 489a9; ἀ. τὸ [[ᾠόν]], τὸ [[κύημα]], ib.568b30, a22; of plants, [[ἄνθος]] ἀφιεῖσαι [[putting forth]], Od.7.126, cf. [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Historia Plantarum|HP]]'' 7.7.3; of a spider, ἀ. ἀράχνιον [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''555b5; ἱδρῶτα Plu.''Mar.''26; [[put forth]], [[produce]], καρπόν [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Historia Plantarum|HP]]'' 3.4.5; [[φύλλον]] ib. 6.5.1 (but ἀ. [[σπέρμα]] [[leave]] [[issue]], ''Ev.Marc.''12.22):—Pass., to [[be emitted]], Il.4.77 (tm.); of [[troop]]s, to [[be let go]], [[be launched]] against the [[enemy]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.112.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[let fall]] from one's [[grasp]], Il.12.221; opp. [[κατέχω]], Plu.2.508d; πόντιον ἀ. τινά E.''Hec.''797.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[give up]] or [[hand over to]], τὴν Ἰωνίην τοῖσι βαρβάροισι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.106; ἐχθροῖς αἶαν A.''Th.''306; ἀ. τινὰ δημόσια εἶναι Th.2.13:—Pass., ἡ Ἀττικὴ ἀπεῖτο ἤδη [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.49.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[send away]],<br><span class="bld">1</span> of persons, [[κακῶς]] ἀφίει Il.1.25; αὐτὸν δὲ κλαίοντα.. ἀφήσω 2.263.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[let go]], [[loose]], [[set free]], ζωόν τινα ἀ. 20.464; [[let loose]], [[βοῦς]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.69; περιστεράς Alex.62.3; ἀ. Αἴγιναν αὐτόνομον Th.1.139; ἀφίημι ἐλεύθερον, ἀφίημι [[ἀζήμιος|ἀζήμιον]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 591a, ''Lg.''765c; τινὰς ἀφορολογήτους Plb.18.46.5; ἀφέντ' ἐᾶν τινα [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''754, cf. E.''Fr.''463; [[ἐς οἴκους]], [[ἐκ γῆς]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''320, E.''IT''739: c. acc. pers. et gen. rei, [[release from]] a thing, ἀποικίης [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.157: in legal sense, [[acquit of]] a [[charge]] or [[engagement]], φόνου τινα D.37.59 (abs., [[ἐὰν]] αἰδέσηται καὶ ἀφῇ ibid.); συναλλαγμάτων Id.33.12: c. acc. only, [[acquit]], Antipho 2.1.2, etc. (v. infr. 2 c):—Pass., κινδύνου ἀφιέμενοι Th.4.106; τοὺς γέροντας τοὺς ἀφειμένους = [[release]]d from [[duty]], Arist.''Pol.''1275a15; ἐγκλημάτων ἀφεῖσο Men.''Epit.''572.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[let go]], [[dissolve]], [[disband]], of an army or fleet, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.77, etc.; [[dismiss]], [[δικαστήρια]] (opp. [[λύειν]] [[ἐκκλησία|ἐκκλησίαν]]) Ar.''V.''595.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[put away]], [[divorce]], γυναῖκα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.39; ἀ. [[γάμος|γάμους]] [[break off]] a [[marriage]], [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Andromache|Andr.]]''973; ἀ. τὸν [[υἱός|υἱόν]] [[disown]] him, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1163b22 (but with metaph. from [[releasing]] a [[debtor]]).<br><span class="bld">e</span> [[dedicate]], τὰ νεογνὰ τῷ θεῷ X.''Cyn.''5.14; ἱερὸν.. ἄβατον ἀφεῖτο Pl. ''Criti.''116c.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of things, [[get rid of]], ἀφέτην πολυκαγκέα δίψαν Il. 11.642; ἀφίει [[μένος]] [ἔγχεος] = [[slacken]]ed its [[force]], 13.444; ἀ. [[ὀργή|ὀργήν]] [[put away]] [[wrath]] (v. supr. 1.1), [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''317; ὀργήν τινι Arr.''An.''1.10.6; [[γόους]] (v. supr. 1.1) [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''1022; νόσημα Hp.''Prorrh.''2.39; ἀ. [[πνεῦμα]], [[ψυχή|ψυχήν]], [[give up the ghost]], E.''Hec.''571, ''Or.''1171: in Prose, [[give up]], [[leave off]], μόχθον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.206; [[ξυμμαχία|ξυμμαχίαν]], [[σπονδή|σπονδάς]], Th.5.78, 115, etc.:—Med., ἀ. τὸ [[προλέγειν]] [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]19.1.<br><span class="bld">b</span> ἀ. [[πλοῖον]] ἐς.. [[loose]] [[ship]] for a [[place]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.42.<br><span class="bld">c</span> in legal sense (v. supr. Ib), c. dat. pers. et acc. rei, ἀ. τινὶ [[αἰτία|αἰτίην]] [[remit]] him a [[charge]], Id.6.30; τὰς ἁμαρτάδας Id.8.140.β', cf.''Ev.Matt.''6.12, al.; τὰς δίκας.. ἀφίεσαν τοῖς ἐπιτρόποις D.21.79; ἀ. τινὶ εἰς ἐλευθερίαν χιλίας δραχμάς Id.59.30, cf.''IG''22.43A27; ἀ. πληγάς τινι = [[excuse]] him a [[flog]]ging, Ar.''Nu.''1426; ἀ. [[ὅρκος|ὅρκον]] Jusj. in Lexap.And.1.98; φόρον Plb.21.24.8 (Pass.); δάνειόν τινι ''Ev.Matt.''18.27.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[leave alone]], [[pass by]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.95, etc.; [[neglect]], τὰ θεῖα [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1537; τὸν καιρόν D.1.8; λέκτρων εὐνάς [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''544: followed by a predicate, [[ἀφύλακτος|ἀφύλακτον]] ἀ. τὴν ἑωυτῶν = [[leave]] [[unguarded]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.70; [[ἄτιμος|ἄτιμον]], [[ἔρημος|ἔρημον]] ἀ. τινά, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1279, ''Ant.''887; ἀ. τινὰς ὀρφανούς ''Ev.Jo.'' 14.18; ἀ. τι [[ἀόριστος|ἀόριστον]] Arist.''Pol.''1265a39; [[leave]], περὶ κινήσεως, ὅθεν ὑπάρχει, τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀφεῖσαν Id.''Metaph.''985b20, cf. 987b14:—Pass., especially in pf. imper., ἀφείσθω ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος [[missum fiat]], Id.''EN''1166a34, cf. ''Pol.''1286a5, 1289b12.<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. et inf., ἀ. τὸ πλοῖον [[φέρεσθαι]] = [[let]] the [[boat]] [[be carried away]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.194; μὴ ἀφεῖναί με ἐπὶ ξένης ἀδιαφορηθῆναι ''PLond.''2.144.14(i A. D.).<br><span class="bld">IV</span> c. acc. pers. et inf., [[suffer]], [[permit]] one to do a thing, ἀ. τινὰ ἀποπλέειν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.25, cf. 6.62, al., etc.: with inf. [[understood]], ἡνίκα προῖκ' ἀφιᾶσιν (''[[sc.]]'' [[θεᾶσθαι]]) οἱ θεατρῶναι [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Characters|Char.]]''30.6: c. subj., ἄφες ἐκβάλω ''Ev.Matt.''7.4, cf. Arr.''Epict.''1.9.15; ἄφες ἐγὼ θρηνήσω ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''413.184 (i A. D.); [[ἄφες ἵνα]].. Arr.''Epict.''4.13.19; [[οὐκ ἤφιεν ἵνα]].. ''Ev.Marc.''11.16:—Pass., ἀφείθη σχολάζειν [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''981b24.<br><span class="bld">V</span> seemingly intr. (''[[sc.]]'' [[στρατός|στρατόν]], [[ναῦς]], etc.), [[break up]], [[march]], [[sail]], etc., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.193; ἀ. ἐς τὸ πέλαγος Th.7.19; cf. 11.2b.<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. inf., [[give up]] doing, ἀφεὶς σκοπεῖν τὰ δίκαια Diph.94.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Med., [[send forth from oneself]], much like Act.; θορήν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.101.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[loose]] something [[of one's own from]], δειρῆς δ' οὔ πω.. ἀφίετο πήχεε λευκώ = she [[loose]]d not [[her]] Arm. from [[off]] my [[neck]], Od.23.240.<br><span class="bld">3</span> freq. in Att. c. gen. only, τέκνων ἀφοῦ = [[let go of]] the [[children]]! S. ''OT''1521; τοῦ κοινοῦ τῆς σωτηρίας ἀ. Th.2.60; λόγων [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 458c, Aeschin.1.178; μὴ ἀφίεσο τοῦ Θεαιτήτου, ἀλλ' ἐρώτα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''146b, etc.; [[ἀφεῖσθαι]] τοῦ δικαίου τούτου D.37.1; ἀφέμενος τῆς ἰαμβικῆς ἰδέας Arist.''Po.''1449b8.