ὀρθός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὀρθή, ὀρθόν,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[straight]],<br><span class="bld">I</span> in height, [[upright]], [[standing]], Hom., who commonly joins it with στῆναι, στῆ δ' ὀρθός Il.23.271, al., cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.111,9.22 (where it is used of a [[horse]] [[rear]]ing); ὀρθαὶ τρίχες ἔσταν Il.24.359, cf. Hes.''Op.''540; ὀρθῶν ἑσταότων [[ἀγορή]] Il.18.246; οἱ δ' ἐν νηΐ μ' ἔδησαν . . ὀρθὸν ἐν ἱστοπέδῃ Od.12.179, cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''239 (anap.); [[κυρβασία|κυρβασίας]] . . ὀρθὰς εἶχον πεπηγυίας [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.64; ὀρθὸν αἴρεις [[κάρα]] A.''Ch.'' 496, etc.; [[ὀρθὸν οὖς ἵστησι]] = [[pricks up his ear]], S.''El.''27, etc.; applied to the [[erect]] posture of man, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[De Partibus Animalium|PA]]''653a31, al.; <b class="b3">ὀρθὸν θηρίον</b>, of [[man]], Philem.3; of buildings, [[standing with their walls entire]], [τὸ Πάνακτον] ὀρθὸν παραδοῦναι Th.5.42; ὀρθαὶ κίονες Pi.''P.''4.267, cf. ''PLond.'' 3.755v.2(iv A. D.); of a [[standing]] [[crop]], ib.1165.2 (ii A. D.). Adv., ὀρθῶς ἑστῶτες [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[De Partibus Animalium|PA]]''689b19.<br><span class="bld">b</span> Geom., at right angles to . ., εὐθεῖα πρὸς ἐπίπεδον ὀρθή ἐστιν ὅταν . . Euc.11''Def.''3.<br><span class="bld">c</span> Astrol., <b class="b3">ὀρθὰ ζῴδια</b> [[sign]]s [[which rise vertically]], opp. [[πλάγια]], Doroth. ''in Cat. Cod. Astr''.5 (''1'').240.<br><span class="bld">II</span> in line, [[straight]] (opp. [[σκολιός]] [[crooked]] and [[πλάγιος]] [[aslant]]), <b class="b3">ἀντ' ἠελίου τετραμμένος ὀρθός</b> [[straight]], [[right]] [[opposite]] the [[sun]], Hes.''Op.''727; ὀρθὸν εὐθύνοι [[βέλος]] A.''Fr.''200; <b class="b3">ποιῶν ὀρθὰ πάντα πρὸς</b> κανόνα ''IG''7.3073.108 (Lebadea, ii B. C.); <b class="b3">ὀρθὸν τρῶμα</b> [[longitudinal]] to the [[muscle]], opp. [[ἐπικάρσιος]], Hp.''Prorrh.''2.15; ὀρθὸς εἰς ὁδὸν πορεύεται [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1254; εἶμι . . ὀ. ὁδόν Thgn.945; ὀ. κέλευθον ἰών Pi.''P.''11.39; <b class="b3">ὀρθὴν κελεύεις</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">ὀρθὴν ὁδόν με ἰέναι κ.</b>, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''1; so <b class="b3">ὀρθὴν ἄνω δίωκε</b> (''[[sc.]]'' όδόν) Id.''Th.''1223 (but [[ὀρθήν]], = [[εὐθύς]], Hyp.''Fr.''257); <b class="b3">δι' ὀρθῆς τήνδε ναυκληρεῖς πόλιν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ὁδοῦ]]) S.''Ant.''994; εἰς ὀρθὸν τρέχειν Diph.61.5; εἰς ὀρθὸν ἀποδοῦναι to [[face the front originally held]], Ascl.''Tact.''10.1; κατ' ὀρθὸν εὐδρομεῖν Men.681; also [[ὀρθᾷ]] χερί [[straightway]], Pi.''O.''10(11).4; <b class="b3">ὀρθῷ ποδί</b> ib.13.72, ''Fr.''167; but <b class="b3">τιθέναι ὀρθὸν πόδα</b> is prob. to [[put the foot out]], as in [[walking]], A.''Eu.''294 (v. [[κατηρεφής]] ''1''), cf. E.''Med.'' 1166.<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">βλέπειν ὀρθά</b>, opp. [[being blind]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''419; [[ὀρθὸν ἀνέβλεψε]] = [[recovered his sight]], IG 14.966 (Rome, ii A. D.); ἐξ ὀμμάτων ὀ . . κἀξ ὀρθῆς φρενός [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''528; <b class="b3">ὀρθοῖς ὄμμασιν</b> ib.1385; v. [[ὄμμα]] ''1''.<br><span class="bld">III</span> metaph.,<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[right]], [[safe]], [[prosperous]]:<br><span class="bld">a</span> partly from signf. ''1'', τοὺς δὲ τομαῖς ἔστασεν ὀρθούς [[set up|set them up]], [[restore]]d, Pi.''P.''3.53; so <b class="b3">ὀρθὸν ἀστάσας</b> (= [[ἀναστήσας]]) ''IG''42(1).122.52 (Epid., iv B. C.); ἐς ὀρθὸν ''ἱστάναι'' τινά [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Supplices|Supp.]]''1230; ὀρθὰν [[φυλάσσειν]] Τένεδον Pi.''N.''11.5; so στάντες τ' ἐς ὀρθὸν καὶ πεσόντες ὕστερον [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''50, cf. Pl.''La.''181b; <b class="b3">ταύτης ἔπι</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[χθονός]]) <b class="b3">πλέοντες ὀρθῆς</b> (the state being represented as a [[ship]]) [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''190; ἐν ὀρθῷ [[κεῖσθαι]] Plb.31.7.1.<br><span class="bld">b</span> partly from signf. ''ΙΙ'', <b class="b3">κατ' ὀρθὸν ἐξελθεῖν</b>, of prophecies, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''88, cf. ''OC''1424; <b class="b3">κατ' ὀρθὸν οὐρίσαι</b> to [[speed]] [[in prosperous course]], Id.''OT''695 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[right]], [[true]], [[correct]], [[ἄγγελος]], [[ἀγγελία]], [[νόος]], Pi.''O.''6.90, ''P.''4.279, 10.68; μάρτυρες A.''Eu.'' 318 (anap.), etc.; γλῶσσα [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''351; ὀρθᾷ φρενί Pi.''O.''8.24; <b class="b3">ὄρθ' ἀκούειν</b> to [[be rightly called]], [[be truly called]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''903 (lyr.); κατὰ τὸ ὀρθὸν [[δικάζειν]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 1.96; [[ὀρθῷ λόγῳ]] = [[strictly speaking]], [[in very truth]], Id.2.17, 6.68, etc.: so in Adv., [[ὀρθῶς]] λέγειν Id.1.51; ὀρθῶς ἔλεξας S.''Ph.''341; ὀρθῶς φράσαι A.''Ch.''526; εἴρηκας ὀρθῶς S.''El.''1040; ὀρθῶς [[φρονεῖν]] [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''1000, Archyt.1 (so εἰς ὀρθὸν φ. S. ''Fr.''612); ὀρθῶς γνῶναι Antipho 2.2.8; [[ὀρθῶς ἔχει]] = [[it is right]], c. inf., Pl.''Euthphr.'' 9a; ὀ. [[ἐνδίκως]] τ' ἐπώνυμον A.''Th.''405, cf. 829 (anap.): in answers, [[rightly]], [[exactly]], Pl.''Prt.''359e; ὀ. γε Diph.32.18: Sup., ὀρθότατα καλεόμενος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.59; so τὸ ὀρθὸν ἐξείρηκα S.''Tr.''374; <b class="b3">φωνεῖν δίκης ἐς ὀρθόν</b> ib.347; κατ' ὀρθόν Pl.''Ti.''44b.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[true]], [[real]], [[genuine]], <b class="b3">ὀ. πολιτεῖαι</b>, opp. [[παρέκβασις|παρεκβάσεις]], Arist.''Pol.''1279a18, etc.; ὀρθὴ [[μανία]] = [[real]] [[madness]], Ael.''NA''11.32, cf. Theoc.11.11. Adv. [[ὀρθῶς]] = [[really]], [[truly]], τοὺς ὀ. φιλομαθεῖς [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]''67b; ὁ ὀρθὸς [[κυβερνήτης]] Id.''R.''341c; τὸν ὀρθὸν συγγενῆ Diph. 102.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[upright]], [[just]], [[ἐμμένειν]] ὀ. νόμῳ [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''350 (lyr.); [[τὸ ὀρθόν]] = [[uprightness]], Pl.''R.''540d; <b class="b3">ἐπιστήμη ἐνοῦσα καὶ ὀ. λόγος</b> (v. [[λόγος]] IV. I) Id.''Phd.'' 73a; <b class="b3">ὁ ὀρθὸς λόγος διὰ πάντων ἐρχόμενος</b> (v. [[λόγος]] ΙΙΙ.7) Chrysipp.Stoic.3.4; <b class="b3">ὀρθοὶ λόγοι</b> [[virtue]]s on the [[intellectual]] side, Phld.''Piet.''8. Adv. [[ὀρθῶς]] = [[rightly]], [[justly]], Th.3.56; [[ὀρθῶς]] καὶ [[δικαίως]] Antipho1.10, ''IG''22.228.14 (iv B. C.), ''IPE''12.32B73 (Olbia, iii B. C.), etc.; [[ὀρθῶς]] καὶ [[νομίμως]] Isoc.7.28.<br><span class="bld">5</span> of persons, '[[straight]]', [[straightforward]], σμικροὶ καὶ οὐκ ὀρθοὶ τὰς ψυχάς Pl. ''Tht.''173a.<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[on tiptoe]], [[full of expectation]], [[excited]], ὀρθῆς τῆς πόλεως γενομένης διά τι Isoc.16.7; τὴν Ἑλλάδα ὀρθὴν οὖσαν ἐπί τινι Id.5.70; ὀ. ἦν ἡ [[πόλις]] ἐπὶ τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν Lycurg.39, cf. Hyp.''Fr.''39; ὀ. καὶ μετέωροι ταῖς διανοίαις Plb.28.17.11; ὀ. καὶ [[περίφοβος]] ἦν ἡ πόλις Id.3.112.6; ὀ. διὰ τὸν φόβον [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]16.84; ὀ. καὶ δραστήριος διὰ τὸ θαρρεῖν Plu.''Phil.''12.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> ἡ [[ὀρθή]],<br><span class="bld">1</span> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ὁδός]]) v. supr. ΙΙ.1.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[ὀρθὴ γωνία]] = [[right angle]], Pl.''Ti.''55b; so ὀ. alone, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1098a30, al.; cf. [[ὄρθιος]] v. ''1'' : <b class="b3">τέμνειν πρὸς ὀρθάς</b> to [[cut at right angles]], Euc.3.3, al.; <b class="b3">εἴ τις δείξειεν ὅτι αἱ ὀρθαὶ οὐ συμπίπτουσι . .</b> that [[right]] [[angle]]s do not [[meet]] (short for 'that two straight lines making, with a third, interior angles equal to two right angles, etc.'), Arist.''AP''0.74a13; <b class="b3">τὸ δυσὶν ὀρθαῖς</b> the [[theorem that the angles of a triangle are together equal to two right angles]], ib.85b5; ὀρθὸς [[κῶνος]], [[κύλινδρος]], a [[right]] [[cone]], [[cylinder]], Archim.''Sph.Cyl.''1.26, 1.11.<br><span class="bld">3</span> (with or without [[πτῶσις]]) [[nominative]], Lat. [[casus rectus]], opp. the [[oblique]] [[case]]s, D.T. 636.3, Str.14.2.28, A.D.''Pron.''39.10, al., S.E.''M.''1.177.<br><span class="bld">V</span> [[ὀρθά]] = [[active verbs]], opp. [[ὕπτιος|ὕπτια]] ([[passive]]) and [[οὐδέτερα]] ([[neuter]]), Chrysipp.Stoic.2.59.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> ὀρθὸς [[τόνος]] = [[real]] or [[unmodified]] (cf. supr. ΙΙΙ.3) [[accent]], opp. [[ἐγκλινόμενος]], A.D.''Pron.''36.10, al.; so ὀρθὴ [[τάσις]] ib.54.8, al. (The gloss of [[Hesychius Lexicographus|Hsch.]], βορθαγορίσκοι = ὀ., and the dialect forms of [[Ὀρθεία]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), suggest that the word orig. had [[ϝ]].)