εἰς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=or [[ἐς]], PREP. WITH ACC. ONLY:—both forms are found in Hom., Ion. poets, and early metrical Inscrr.; ἐς is best attested in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] and Hp., and is found in nearly all early Ion. Inscrr. (exc. ''IG''12(8).262.16 (Thasos, v B. C.), ib.7.235.1 (Oropus, iv B. C.)); εἰς in Att. Inscrr. from iv B. C., ''IG''2.115, etc.; and usually in Att. Prose (exc. Th.) and Com. (exc. in parody): Trag. apptly. prefer εἰς, but ἐς is used before vowels metri gr.; ἐς was retained in the phrases [[ἐς κόρακας]] (whence the Verb [[σκορακίζω]]) [[ἐς μακαρίαν]]. Aeol. poets have εἰς before vowels, ἐς before consonants, and this is given as the rule in Hom. by ''An.Ox.'' 1.172, cf. Hellad. ap. Phot.''Bibl.''p.533B. (Orig. [[ἐνς]], as in ''IG''4.554.7 (Argos), ''GDI''4986.11 (Crete); cf. [[ἐν]], [[ἰν]]. The diphthong is genuine in Aeol. [[εἰς]], but spurious in Att.-Ion.) Radical sense<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[into]], and then more loosely, [[to]]:<br><span class="bld">I</span> OF PLACE, the oldest and commonest usage, [[εἰς ἅλα]] [[into the sea]] or [[to the sea]], Il.1.141, al.; εἰς ἅλαδε Od.10.351; ἔς ῥ' ἀσαμίνθους 4.48; [[ἐς οἶνον βάλε φάρμακον]] ib.220; freq. of places, [[to]], εἰς Εὔβοιαν 3.174; [[ἐς Αἴγυπτον]], etc., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.5, etc.; [[ἐς Μίλητον]] [[into the territory of]] [[Miletus]], ib.14; εἰς Ἑλλήσποντον εἰσέπλει X.''HG''1.1.2; ἀφίκετο εἰς Μήδους πρὸς Κυαξάρην Id.''Cyr.''2.1.2; [[εἰς ἅρματα βαίνειν]] to [[step]] [[into]]... Il.8.115; εἰς ἐλάτην ἀναβῆναι 14.287; opp. [[ἐκ]], in such phrases as [[ἐς σφυρὸν ἐκ πτέρνης]], [[ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς]], [[from heel to ankle-joint]], [[from head to foot]], 22.397, 23.169; ἐκ πάτου ἐς σκοπιήν 20.137; ἐς μυχὸν ἐξ οὐδοῦ Od.7.87; [[κἠς ἔτος ἐξ ἔτεος]] = [[from year to year]], Theoc. 18.15: with Verbs implying motion or direction, as of looking, ἰδεῖν εἰς οὐρανόν Il.3.364; [[εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι]] to [[look]] in the [[face]], 9.373, etc.; [[εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν]] he is like in face (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἰδόντι]]), 3.158, etc.; [[ἐς ὀφθαλμούς τινος ἐλθεῖν]] = to [[come before another's eyes]], 24.204; ἐς ὄψιν ἀπικνέεσθαί τινος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.136; καλέσαι τινὰ ἐς ὄψιν Id.5.106, etc.; [[ἐς ταὐτὸν ἥκειν]] = [[come to the same point]], E.''Hipp.''273: less freq. after a Subst., ὁδὸς ἐς λαύρην Od.22.128; [[τὸ ἐς Παλλήνην τεῖχος]] = [[facing]] [[Pallene]], Th.1.56; ξύνοδος ἐς τὴν Δῆλον Id.3.104, cf.[[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''173d.<br><span class="bld">b</span> Ep. and Ion., also c. acc. pers. (Att. [[ὡς]], [[πρός]], [[παρά]]), Il.7.312, 15.402, Od.14.127, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.147; also in Att. with collective Nouns, ἐς τὸν δῆμον παρελθόντες Th. 5.45, or plurals, εἰς ὑμᾶς εἰσῆλθον D.18.103; especially of consulting an oracle, ἐς θεὸν ἐλθεῖν Pi.''O.''7.31; εἰς Ἄμμων' ἐλθόντες [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''619.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with Verbs expressing [[rest]] in a place, when a previous [[motion]] [[into]] or [[to]] it is implied, [[ἐς μέγαρον κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ θρόνου]] = he put it in the house (i.e. he brought it [[into]] the house, and put it [[there]]), Od.20.96; [[ἐς θρόνους ἕζοντο]] = they sat them down [[upon]] the seats, 4.51, cf. 1.130; [[ἐφάνη λὶς εἰς ὁδόν]] the [[lion]] appeared in the [[path]], Il.15.276; ἀπόστολος ἐς τὴν Μίλητον ἦν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.21 ([[si vera lectio|s. v.l.]]); αὐτὸς ἐς Αακεδαίμονα ἀπόστολος ἐγίνετο Id.5.38; ἐς κώμην παραγίνονται Id.1.185; παρῆν ἐς Σάρδις Id.6.1; ἐς δόμους μένειν [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''80 (cod. Laur.); ἐς τὴν νῆσον κατέκλῃσε Th.1.109, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.13; [[ἀπόβασιν ποιήσασθαι ἐς]]… Th.2.33, etc.; later used like [[ἐν]], τὴν γῆν εἰς ἣν ὑμεῖς κατοικεῖτε [[LXX]] ''Nu.''35.34; τὸ χρυσίον ὃ εἰλήφεσαν εἰς Ῥώμην [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]14.117; οἰκεῖν εἰς τὰ Ὕπατα Luc.''Asin.''1; εἰς Ἐκβάτανα ἀποθανεῖν Ael.''VH''7.8; εἰς ἅπασαν τὴν γῆν Suid. [[sub verbo|s.v.]] [[Καλλίμαχος]]: generally, τοὔνομα εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα, φασίν, Ἱππομιγὴς δύναται Ael.''VH''9.16.<br><span class="bld">3</span> with Verbs of saying or speaking, εἰς relates to the persons [[to]] or [[before]] whom one [[speak]]s, [[εἰπεῖν ἐς πάντας]], [[ἐς πάντας αὔδα]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.26, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''93; λέγειν εἰς τὸ μέσον τῶν ταξιάρχων [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]'' 3.3.7; αἱ ἐς τὸ φανερὸν λεγόμεναι αἰτίαι Th.1.23: with other Verbs, εἰς τοὺς Ἕλληνας σαυτὸν σοφιστὴν παρέχων [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 312a; καλὸν ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας τὸ ἀγώνισμα φανεῖσθαι Th.7.56; [[ἐπαχθὴς ἦν ἐς τοὺς πολλούς]] Id.6.54; στρατιὰν ἐπαγγέλλων ἐς τοὺς ξυμμάχους Id.7.17; διαβεβλῆσθαι εἴς τινα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 539c.<br><span class="bld">4</span> elliptical usages,<br><span class="bld">a</span> after Verbs which have no sense of motion to or into a place, [[τὴν πόλιν ἐξέλιπον εἰς χωρίον ὀχυρόν]] = they [[quit]]ted the [[city]] [[for]] a [[strong]] [[position]], i.e. to [[seek]] a [[strong]] [[position]], X.''An.''1.2.24; [[γράμματα ἑάλωσαν εἰς Ἀθήνας]] letters were captured [and sent] [[to]] [[Athens]], Id.''HG''1.1.23, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 468a; ἀνίστασθαι ἐς Ἄργος E.''Heracl.''59, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 116a.<br><span class="bld">b</span> participles signifying motion are freq. omitted with εἰς, [[τοῖς στρατηγοῖς τοῖς εἰς Σικελίαν]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἀποδειχθεῖσιν]]) And.1.11, etc.<br><span class="bld">c</span> c. gen., mostly of proper names, as [[εἰς Ἀΐδαο]], Att. [[εἰς]] Ἅιδου [δόμους], Il.21.48; ἐς Ἀθηναίης [ἱερόν] = [[to]] the [[temple]] of Athena, 6.379; ἐς Πριάμοιο [οἶκον] 24.160, cf. 309; εἰς Αἰγύπτοιο [ῥόον] Od.4.581; ἐς τοῦ Κλεομένεος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.51; εἰς Ἀσκληπιοῦ Ar.''Pl.''411; ἐπὶ δεῖπνον [ἰέναι] εἰς Ἀγάθωνος [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 174a: with Appellatives, [[ἀνδρὸς ἐς ἀφνειοῦ]] = [[to]] a [[rich]] man's [[house]], Il.24.482; ἐς πατρός Od.2.195; [[πέμπειν εἰς διδασκάλων]] = send [[to]] school, X.''Lac.''2.1; εἰς δ. φοιτᾶν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 326c; [[ἐς σεωυτοῦ]], [[ἑωυτοῦ]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.108, 9.108, etc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> OF TIME,<br><span class="bld">1</span> to denote a certain point or limit of time, [[up to]], [[until]], ἐς ἠῶ Od.11.375; [[ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα]] [[till]] sunset, 9.161 (but also, [[towards]] or [[near]] sunset, 3.138); ἐκ νεότητος ἐς γῆρας Il.14.86; ἐκ παιδὸς ἐς γῆρας Aeschin.1.180; [[ἐς ἐμέ]] [[up to]] my time, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.92, al.: with Advbs., [[εἰς ὅτε]] (cf. [[ἔς τε]]) [[against]] the time when... Od.2.99; [[εἰς πότε]]; = [[until when]] ? [[how long]] ? [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1185 (lyr., cf. εἰσόκἐ; εἰς ὁπότε Aeschin.3.99; [[ἐς τί]]; = [[εἰς πότε]]; Il.5.465; [[ἐς ὅ]] [[until]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.93, etc.; ἐς οὗ Id.1.67, 3.31, etc.; ἐς τόδε Id.7.29, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> to determine a period, [[εἰς ἐνιαυτόν]] = [[for a year]], i.e. a whole year, Il.19.32, Od.4.526; [[within the year]], ib.86 (cf. [[ἐς ἐνίαυτον]] Alc.''Supp.''8.12); εἰς ὥρας Od.9.135; [[ἐς θέρος]] ἢ [[ἐς ὀπώρην]] [[for the summer]], i.e. [[throughout]] it, 14.384; [[ἡ εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν κειμένη δαπάνη εἰς τὸν μῆνα δαπανᾶται]] the expenditure [[for]] a year is expended in the month, X.''Oec.''7.36; μισθοδοτεῖν τινὰς εἰς ἓξ μῆνας [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]19.15; χοίνικα κριθῶν εἰς τέσσαρας ἡμέρας διεμέτρει Posidon. 36J.; [[εἰς ἑσπέραν ἥκειν]] = to [[come]] [[at]] even, Ar.''Pl.''998; [[εἰς τρίτην ἡμέραν]] or [[εἰς τρίτην]] alone, [[on]] the third day, in two days, Pl.''Hp.Ma.''286b, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''5.3.27; ἥκειν ἐς τὴν ὑστεραίαν Id.''An.''2.3.25; ἥκειν εἰς τὸ ἔαρ ''Hell.Oxy.''17.4; [[ἐς τέλος]] [[at]] last, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.40; [[ἐς καιρόν]] = [[in season]], Id.4.139; [[οὐκ ἐς ἀναβολάς]], [[ἀμβολάς]], [[with no delay]], Id.8.21, E.''Heracl.''270, etc.; [[ἐς τότε]] [[at this time]], [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in Od.7.317 (but [[εἰς τότε]] [[at that time]] (in the fut.), D.14.24, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''830b); [[ἐς ὕστερον]] or [[τὸ ὕστερον]], Od.12.126, Th.2.20: with Advbs., ἐς αὔριον Il.8.538, Pl. ''Lg.''858b; ἔς περ ὀπίσσω Od.20.199; ἐς αὖθις Th.4.63 (v. [[εἰσαῦθις]] (<b class="b3">; ἐς αὐτίκα μάλ</b>' Ar.''Pax'' 367; [[εἰς ἔπειτα]] (v. [[εἰσέπειτα]]; (ἐς τὸ ἔπειτα, Th.2.64; ἐς ὀψέ Id.8.23; [[εἰς ἅπαξ]], v. [[εἰσάπαξ]]; [[εἰς ἔτι]], v. [[εἰσέτι]].<br><span class="bld">III</span> to express MEASURE OR LIMIT, without reference to Time, [[ἐς δίσκουρα λέλειπτο]] was left behind [[as far as]] a quoit's throw, Il.23.523; [[ἐς δραχμὴν διέδωκε]] paid them [[as much as]] a [[drachma]], Th.8.29; ἱματισμὸν ζητῆσαι εἰς δύο τάλαντα [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Characters|Char.]]''23.8; so [[ἐς τὰ μάλιστα]]—[[to the greatest degree]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.20, etc.; ἐς τοσοῦτο τύχης ἀπίκευ Id.1.124; εἰς τοσοῦτο ἥκειν Lys.27.10; εἰς τοῦτο θράσους καὶ ἀναιδείας ἀφίκετο D.21.194; [[ἐς ὅ ἐμέμνηντο]] = [[so far as they remembered]], Th.5.66; ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.229, etc.; εἰς ἅλις Theoc.25.17.<br><span class="bld">2</span> freq. with Numerals, ἐς τριακάδας δέκα ναῶν [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''339; [[ναῦς ἐς τὰς τετρακοσίας]], [[διακοσίας]], [[to the number of]] 400, etc., Th.1.74, 100, etc.; [[εἰς ἕνα]], [[εἰς δύο]], [[εἰς τέσσαρας]], one, two, four [[deep]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.3.21; but [[εἰς τέσσαρας]] four [[abreast]], Aen.Tact.40.6: with Advbs., [[ἐς τρίς]] or [[ἐστρίς]] [[thrice]], Pi.''O.''2.68, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.86; of round numbers, [[about]], X.''An.''1.1.10.<br><span class="bld">3</span> distributive, [[εἰς φυλάς]] = [[by tribes]], [[LXX]] ''1 Ki.''10.21, cf. ''2 Ki.''18.<br><span class="bld">4</span><br><span class="bld">IV</span> to express RELATION, [[towards]], [[in regard to]], ἐξαμαρτεῖν εἰς θεούς [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''945, etc.; [[ἁμάρτημα εἴς τινα]], [[αἰτίαι ἐς ἀλλήλους]], Isoc.8.96, Th.1.66; [[ὄνειδος]] [[ὀνειδίζειν]] εἴς τινα S.''Ph.''522; ἔχθρη ἔστινα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.65; φιλία ἐς ἀμφοτέρους Th.2.9; [[λέγειν ἐς]]… [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.86; γνώμη ἀποδεχθεῖσα ἐς τὴν γέφυραν Id.4.98; ἡ ἐς γῆν καὶ θάλασσαν ἀρχή Th.8.46.<br><span class="bld">b</span> of the subject of a work, especially in titles, e.g. τὰ ἐς Ἀπολλώνιον Philostr. ''VA''; of the object of a dedication, as in titles of hymns, [[ἐπινίκια]], etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[in regard to]], πρῶτος εἰς εὐψυχίαν [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''326; σκώπτειν ἐς τὰ ῥάκια Ar.''Pax''740, cf. ''Eq.''90; διαβάλλειν τινὰ ἔς τι Th.8.88; αἰτία ἐπιφερομένη ἐς μαλακίαν Id.5.75; μέμφεσθαι εἰς φιλίαν X.''An.''2.6.30; εἰς τὰ πολεμικὰ καταφρονεῖσθαι Id.''HG''7.4.30; πόλεως εὐδοκιμωτάτης εἰς σοφίαν Pl.''Ap.''29d; [[in respect of]], [[εὐτυχεῖν]] ἐς τέκνα [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''542, cf. Pl.''Ap.''35b, etc.; εἰς χρήματα [[ζημιοῦσθαι]] Id.''Lg.''774b, cf. D.22.55; [[ἐς τὰ ἄλλα]] Th.I.I; εἰς ἄπαντα S.''Tr.''489; ἐς τὰ πάνθ' ὁμῶς [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''736; εἰς μὲν ταῦτα Pl.''Ly.''210a; [[τό γ' εἰς ἑαυτόν]], [[τὸ εἰς ἐμέ]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''706, E. ''IT''691, cf. S.''Ichn.''346; ἐς ὀλίγους μᾶλλον τὰς ἀρχὰς ποιεῖν Th.8.53; ἐς πλείονας οἰκεῖν Id.2.37; for [[τελεῖν ἐς Ἕλληνας]], [[Βοιωτούς]], [[ἄνδρας]], etc., v. [[τελέω]].<br><span class="bld">3</span> of Manner, ἐς τὸν νῦν τρόπον Id.1.6; τίθεμεν τἆλλα εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 353d; ἐς ἓν μέλος Theoc.18.7: freq. [[periphrasis]] for Advbs., [[ἐς κοινὸν φράζειν]], [[λέγειν]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''844, ''Eu.''408; [[ἐς τὸ πᾶν]], = [[πάντως]], Id.''Ag.''682(lyr.); [[ἐς τάχος]], = [[ταχέως]], [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''686; [[ἐς εὐτέλειαν]], = [[εὐτελῶς]], Id.''Av.''805; ἐς τἀρχαῖον Id.''Nu.''593; εἰς καλόν S. ''OT''78, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 76e; ἐς δέον γεγονέναι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.119, cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1416, and v. [[δέον]].<br><span class="bld">V</span> ofan end or limit, [[ἔρχεσθαι]], [[τελευτᾶν]], [[λήγειν ἐς]].., to end in.., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.120,3.125,4.39, etc.; ἐς ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα ου,ρον ἀνθρώπῳ προτίθημι Id.1.32; [[καταξαίνειν ἐς φοινικίδα]] to cut [[into]] red rags, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''320 (troch.); στρέφειν τι εἰς αἷμα ''Apoc.''11.6; [[εἰς ἄνδρας ἐκ μειρακίων τελευτᾶν]], [[εἰς ἄνδρα γενειᾶν]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''173b, Theoc.14.28; ἐκτρέφειν τὸ σπέρμα εἰς καρπόν X.''Oec.''17.10: so with [[εἶναι]] or [[γίγνομαι]] to form a predicate, ἔσται εἰς ἔθνη [[LXX]] ''Ge.''17.16; [[ἐγενήθη εἰς γυναῖκα]] ib.20.12; [[πιστὸς]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἦν]]) [[εἰς προφήτην]] ib.I''Ki.''3.20; ἐγένετο εἰς δένδρον ''Ev.Luc.''13.19,al.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of Purpose or Object, [[εἰπεῖν εἰς ἀγαθόν]], [[πείσεται εἰς ἀγαθόν]], [[for]] good, [[for]] his good, Il.9.102,11.789; εἰς ἀγαθὰ μυθεῖσθαι 23.305; ἐς πόλεμον θωρήξομαι 8.376, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.29, etc.; [[ἐς φόβον]] to [[cause]] fear, Il.15.310; ἐς ὑποδήματα δεδόσθαι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.98; κόσμος ὁ εἰς ἑορτάς X.''Oec.''9.6; [[ἐπιτηδεότατος]], [[εὐπρεπής]], ἔς τι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.115,2.116; [[εἰς κάλλος ζῆν]] = to [[live]] [[for]] [[show]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.1.33, cf. ''Ages.'' 9.1; ἐς δαίτην ἐκάλεσσε Call.''Aet.''1.1.5; εἰς κέρδος τι δρᾶν S.''Ph.''III; πάσας φωνὰς ἱέντων εἰς ἀπόφυξιν Ar.''V.''562; εἰς γράμματα παιδὶ δεκετεῖ ἐνιαυτοὶ τρεῖς [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''809e; [[εἰς τὸ πρᾶγμα εἶναι]] = to be [[pertinent]], [[to the purpose]], D.36.54; freq. of [[expenditure]] [[on]] an [[object]], ''IG''22.102.11, 116.41, al.; ἐς τὸ δέον Ar.''Nu.''859, etc.; [[ἐς δᾷδα]] ib.612.<br><span class="bld">B</span> POSITION: εἰς is sometimes parted from its acc. by several words, εἰς ἀμφοτέρω Διομήδεος ἅρματα βήτην Il.8.115; εἰς δὲ μονάρχου δῆμος ἀϊδρίῃ δουλοσύνην ἔπεσεν Sol.9: seldom (only in Poets) put after its case, Il.15.59, Od.3.137,15.541, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''126(lyr.): after an Adv., αὔριον ἔς· τῆμος δὲ.. Od.7.318.