σοφιστής: Difference between revisions

13_7_3
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|Definition=οῦ, ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">master of one's craft, adept, expert</b>, of diviners, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.49</span>; of poets, μελέταν σοφισταῖς πρόσβαλον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>5(4).28</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Cratin.2</span>; of musicians, σοφιστὴς . . παραπαίων χέλυν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>314</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Eup.447</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.Com. 140</span>; <b class="b3">σοφιστῇ Θρῃκί</b> (sc. Thamyris) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>924</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ath.14.632c</span>: with modal words added, οἱ σ. τῶν ἱερῶν μελῶν <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>11.1</span>; of the Creator of the universe (ὁ δημιουργός) <b class="b3">, πάνυ θαυμαστὸν λέγεις σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>596d</span>; of cooks, εἰς τοὺς σ. τὸν μάγειρον ἐγγράφω <span class="bibl">Alex.149.14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Euphro 1.11</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ τὴν ἱππείαν σ</b>. <b class="b2">skilled in . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>13.9</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">σ. πημάτων</b> <b class="b2">deviser, contriver</b> of pains, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>993</span>:—then, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">wise, prudent</b> or <b class="b2">statesmanlike man</b>, in which sense the seven Sages are called <b class="b3">σοφισταί</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.235</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>5</span>, <span class="bibl">D.61.50</span>; of Pythagoras, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.95</span>; of natural philosophers, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>20</span>; of Isocrates and Plato, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>25</span>; of the <b class="b3">Βραχμᾶνες</b>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>6.16.5</span>, cf. [[γυμνοσοφισταί]]; freq. with a slightly iron. sense, ἵνα μάθῃ σ. ὢν Διὸς νωθέστερος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>62</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">944</span>; ψυχή . . κρείσσων σοφιστοῦ παντὸς εὑρέτις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 101</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>921</span>: prov., μισῶ σοφιστὴν ὅτις οὐχ αὑτῷ σοφός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 905</span>: of the philosophic <b class="b2">sage</b>, Aristid.2.311 J. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> from late v B.C., <b class="b2">a Sophist</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">one who gave lessons</b> in grammar, rhetoric, politics, mathematics, <b class="b2">for money</b>, such as Prodicus, Gorgias, Protagoras, τὴν σοφίαν τοὺς ἀργυρίου τῷ βουλομένῳ πωλοῦντας σοφιστὰς ἀποκαλοῦσιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.6.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyn.</span>13.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.38</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>31</span> <span class="bibl">3c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Euthd.</span>271c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">La.</span> 186c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>85b</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.148</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">SE</span>165a22</span>; σ. ἄχρηστοι καὶ βίου δεόμενοι <span class="bibl">Lys.33.3</span>; but sts. even of Socrates (though he did not teach for money), <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.173</span>; so of Christ, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Peregr.</span>13</span>: hence (from the ill repute of the professed sophists at Athens), </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">sophist</b> (in bad sense), <b class="b2">quibbler, cheat</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>331</span>,<span class="bibl">1111</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span> 268d</span>; γόητα καὶ σοφιστὴν ὀνομάζων <span class="bibl">D.18.276</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> later of the <b class="b3">ῥήτορες</b>, <b class="b2">Professors of Rhetoric</b>, and <b class="b2">prose writers</b> of the Empire, such as Philostratus and Libanius, Suid.; Ἀπολλωνίδῃ σοφιστῇ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLips.</span> 97</span> X <span class="bibl">18</span> (iv A.D.); freq. as a title in epitaphs, <span class="title">IG</span>3.625,637,680,775, 14.935.</span>
|Definition=οῦ, ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">master of one's craft, adept, expert</b>, of diviners, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.49</span>; of poets, μελέταν σοφισταῖς πρόσβαλον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>5(4).28</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Cratin.2</span>; of musicians, σοφιστὴς . . παραπαίων χέλυν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>314</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Eup.447</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.Com. 140</span>; <b class="b3">σοφιστῇ Θρῃκί</b> (sc. Thamyris) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>924</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ath.14.632c</span>: with modal words added, οἱ σ. τῶν ἱερῶν μελῶν <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>11.1</span>; of the Creator of the universe (ὁ δημιουργός) <b class="b3">, πάνυ θαυμαστὸν λέγεις σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>596d</span>; of cooks, εἰς τοὺς σ. τὸν μάγειρον ἐγγράφω <span class="bibl">Alex.149.14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Euphro 1.11</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ τὴν ἱππείαν σ</b>. <b class="b2">skilled in . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>13.9</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">σ. πημάτων</b> <b class="b2">deviser, contriver</b> of pains, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>993</span>:—then, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">wise, prudent</b> or <b class="b2">statesmanlike man</b>, in which sense the seven Sages are called <b class="b3">σοφισταί</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.235</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>5</span>, <span class="bibl">D.61.50</span>; of Pythagoras, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.95</span>; of natural philosophers, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>20</span>; of Isocrates and Plato, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>25</span>; of the <b class="b3">Βραχμᾶνες</b>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>6.16.5</span>, cf. [[γυμνοσοφισταί]]; freq. with a slightly iron. sense, ἵνα μάθῃ σ. ὢν Διὸς νωθέστερος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>62</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">944</span>; ψυχή . . κρείσσων σοφιστοῦ παντὸς εὑρέτις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 101</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>921</span>: prov., μισῶ σοφιστὴν ὅτις οὐχ αὑτῷ σοφός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 905</span>: of the philosophic <b class="b2">sage</b>, Aristid.2.311 J. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> from late v B.C., <b class="b2">a Sophist</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">one who gave lessons</b> in grammar, rhetoric, politics, mathematics, <b class="b2">for money</b>, such as Prodicus, Gorgias, Protagoras, τὴν σοφίαν τοὺς ἀργυρίου τῷ βουλομένῳ πωλοῦντας σοφιστὰς ἀποκαλοῦσιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.6.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyn.</span>13.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.38</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>31</span> <span class="bibl">3c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Euthd.</span>271c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">La.</span> 186c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>85b</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.148</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">SE</span>165a22</span>; σ. ἄχρηστοι καὶ βίου δεόμενοι <span class="bibl">Lys.33.3</span>; but sts. even of Socrates (though he did not teach for money), <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.173</span>; so of Christ, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Peregr.</span>13</span>: hence (from the ill repute of the professed sophists at Athens), </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">sophist</b> (in bad sense), <b class="b2">quibbler, cheat</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>331</span>,<span class="bibl">1111</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span> 268d</span>; γόητα καὶ σοφιστὴν ὀνομάζων <span class="bibl">D.18.276</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> later of the <b class="b3">ῥήτορες</b>, <b class="b2">Professors of Rhetoric</b>, and <b class="b2">prose writers</b> of the Empire, such as Philostratus and Libanius, Suid.; Ἀπολλωνίδῃ σοφιστῇ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLips.</span> 97</span> X <span class="bibl">18</span> (iv A.D.); freq. as a title in epitaphs, <span class="title">IG</span>3.625,637,680,775, 14.935.</span>
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0914.png Seite 914]] ὁ, ursprünglich wie [[σοφός]], ein Jeder, der im Besitz einer besondern Geschicklichkeit od. Kunst ist; bes. der Ton- oder Gesangkundige, Hesych. σοφιστὰς ἔλεγον τοὺς περὶ μουσικὴν διατρίβοντας καὶ τοὺς μετὰ κιθάρας ᾄδοντας, Ath. XIV, 632 c πάντας τοὺς χρωμένους τῇ τέχνῃ [[ταύτῃ]] (μουσικῇ) σοφιστὰς ἀπεκάλουν, aus Aesch. anführend εἴτ' οὖν σοφιστὴς καλὰ παραπαίων χέλυν; auch Eur. nennt den Orpheus σοφιστὴς Θρ ῄξ, Rhes. 924, wie es auch Pind. I. 4, 28 zu nehmen ist; der Etwas geschickt erfindet (vgl. [[σόφισμα]]), ἵνα μάθῃ σοφιστὴς ὢν Διὸς νωθέστερος, Aesch. Prom. 62, vgl. 946; πολλῶν σοφιστὴς πημάτων ἐγιγνόμην, Eur. Heracl. 993; τῶν ἱερῶν μελῶν σοφισταί, Ael. H. A. 11, 1; οἱ τὴν ἱππείαν σοφισταί, 13, 9; ὀψοποιητικῆς πραγματείας σοφισταί, Poll. 6, 71; vgl. Ath. IX, 377 f. – Ueb. der in Angelegenheiten des öffentlichen und häuslichen Lebens gewandte und erfahrene Mann, von praktischer Lebensklugheit; so heißen bei Her. die sogenannten sieben Weisen immer σοφισταί, z. B. 1, 29 (vgl. Euphro bei Ath. IX, 379 v. 10); eben so Pythagoras, 4, 95; daher es zuweilen auch den Weisen im höheren Sinne des Wortes bezeichnet, den Gelehrten, der sich durch Kenntnisse und Nachdenken vor der großen Menge auszeichnet, vgl. D. L. prooem. 12. – Bei den Athenern bes. der für Geld die Kunst zu denken und zu sprechen, Philosophie u. Beredrsamkeit lehrt, der Redekünstler, σοφιστῶν ἀκροαταί, Thuc. 3, 38; in diesem Sinne hießen Protagoras, Gorgias, Hippias, Prodikus und Thrasvmachus Sophisten; und weil diese sich hauptsächlich mit der Beredtsamkeit beschäftigten, hießen auch Redner, bes. diejenigen, welche wie Isokrates Reden schrieben, σοφισταί, Isocr. 4, 3, im Ggstz der Dichter, 4, 82. – Die Erklärung des Arist. elench. Soph. 1, 2, ἔστι γὰρ ὁ σοφιστὴς χρηματιστὴς ἀπὸ φαινομένης σοφίας, ἀλλ' οὐκ οὐσης, wird von Sokrates Zeit an geltend, der durch seine scharfsinnigen Unterhaltungen mit ihnen ihr lediglich auf den äußern Schein gerichtetes Streben bloßstellte, wie sie durch Trugschlüsse und Redekunststücke die Zuhörer zu überreden suchten, ihnen aber keine wahre Weisheit mittheilten, nur auf eignen Ruhm u. Gewinn bedacht waren. Dah. von Aristophanes u. Platon an das Wort auch den Nebenbegriff des Großprahlers, Aufschneiders, ja des gauklerischen Betrügers erhält, Dem. 18, 276 δεινὸν καὶ γόητα καὶ σοφιστὴν καὶ τὰ. τοιαῦτ' ὀνομάζων. – Später, als die alte, ächte Beredtsamkeit verschwunden war, kam der Sophist wieder zu Ehren und bezeichnete, ungefähr gleichbedeutend mit [[ῥήτωρ]], den Lehrer u. Meister im prosaischen Ausdruck, der nicht sowohl des Inhalts, als der schönen Form wegen schreibt, gleichviel ob Reden, Briefe, Geschichtswerke oder Anderes, vgl. Villois. praef. ad Long.
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