studium: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>stŭdĭum</b>: ii, n. [[studeo]],<br /><b>I</b> a busying one's [[self]] [[about]] or [[application]] to a [[thing]]; [[assiduity]], [[zeal]], [[eagerness]], [[fondness]], [[inclination]], [[desire]], [[exertion]], endeavor, [[study]]: stu dium est animi assidua et [[vehemens]] ad [[aliquam]] rem applicata magnā cum voluntate [[occupatio]], ut philosophiae, poëticae, geometriae, litterarum, Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 36.—<br /><b>I</b> In gen.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absol., Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 900 P. (Praecepta, v. 4 Vahl.): [[tantum]] [[studium]] tamque multam operam in aliquā re ponere, Cic. Fin. 1, 1, 1: aliquid curare [[studio]] maximo, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 45: aliquem retrahere ab [[studio]], Ter. Phorm. prol. 2; cf. id. ib. 18: [[studium]] [[semper]] assit, [[cunctatio]] absit, Cic. Lael. 13, 44: aliquid summo [[studio]] curāque discere, id. Fam. 4, 3, 3; so ([[with]] [[cura]], [[industria]], [[labor]], [[diligentia]], etc.) id. ib. 2, 6, 3; 10, 1, 3: alacritate ac [[studio]] uti, Caes. B. G. 4, 24: [[studio]] incendi, Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 48; id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1: suo [[quisque]] [[studio]] [[maxime]] ducitur, id. Fin. 5, 2, 5; cf.: [[quot]] [[capitum]] vivunt, [[totidem]] studiorum Milia, Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; Sall. C. 3, 3: sunt pueritiae certa studia, sunt ineuntis adulescentiae ... sunt extrema quaedam studia senectutis, Cic. Sen. 20, 76 et saep.: non [[studio]] accusare sed [[officio]] defendere, [[with]] [[zeal]], from [[inclination]], id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91; cf.: laedere gaudes, et hoc [[studio]] [[pravus]] facis, Hor. S. 1, 5, 79.—In [[late]] Lat. [[studio]] [[often]] [[means]] [[simply]] [[voluntarily]], on [[purpose]], [[intentionally]]: non [[studio]] sed fortuitu, Dig. 40, 5, 13.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With gen.: studiumque iteris reprime, Att. ap. Non. 485, 8 (Trag. Rel. v. 627 Rib.): in pugnae [[studio]] [[quod]] dedita [[mens]] est, Lucr. 3, 647: Carthaginienses ad [[studium]] fallendi [[studio]] [[quaestus]] vocabantur, Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95: efferor [[studio]] patres vestros videndi, id. Sen. 23, 83: [[quid]] ego de studiis dicam cognoscendi [[semper]] aliquid [[atque]] discendi? id. Lael. 27, 104; so, discendi, id. Rep. 1, 8, 13; 1, 22, 36 al.: doctrinae, id. Rosc. Am. 16, 46; id. Balb. 1, 3: dicendi, id. de Or. 2, 1, 1: scribendi, id. Arch. 3, 4: nandi, Tac. H. 4, 12: scribendi, Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 5: vitae [[studium]], [[way]] of [[life]], Afran. ap. Non. 498, 15: [[studium]] armorum a manibus ad oculos translatum, Plin. [[Pan]]. 13, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With ad (usu. to [[avoid]] multiplying genitives): ea res studia hominum adcendit ad consulatum mandandum Ciceroni, Sall. C. 23, 5: [[studium]] ad frugalitatem multitudines provocavit, Just. 20, 4, 7.—<br /><b>II</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Zeal for [[any]] one; [[good]]-[[will]], [[affection]], [[attachment]], [[devotion]], [[favor]], [[kindness]], etc. (cf.: [[officium]], [[favor]]): [[tibi]] [[profiteor]] [[atque]] [[polliceor]] eximium et singulare [[meum]] [[studium]] in omni genere officii, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4: [[studium]] et [[favor]], id. Rosc. Com. 10, 29; Suet. Vit. 15: [[studio]] ac suffragio suo viam sibi ad [[beneficium]] impetrandum munire, Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 17: [[Pompeius]] significat [[studium]] [[erga]] me non [[mediocre]], id. Att. 2, 19, 4: suum [[infelix]] [[erga]] populum Romanum [[studium]], Liv. 3, 56, 9; cf.: omne suum [[erga]] meam dignitatem [[studium]], Cic. Dom. 56, 142: [[studium]] in aliquem habere, id. Inv. 2, 34, 104: Gaditani ab omni [[studio]] sensuque Poenorum mentes suas ad [[nostrum]] [[imperium]] nomenque flexerunt, id. Balb. 17, 39: [[studium]] suum in rempublicam, Sall. C. 49, 5: [[studium]] in populum Romanum, Tac. A. 4, 55: studiis odiisque carens, Luc. 2, 377: putabatur et [[Marius]] studia volgi amissurus, Sall. J. 84, 3: aliquid [[studio]] partium facere, [[party]] [[spirit]], [[partisanship]], Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 35: for [[which]] [[simply]] [[studium]]: quo [[minus]] cupiditatis ac studii visa est [[oratio]] habere, eo [[plus]] auctoritatis habuit, Liv. 24, 28: [[senatus]], in quo ipso erant studia, [[party]] efforts, Tac. A. 14, 42: [[ultio]] senatum in studia diduxerat, id. H. 4, 6.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Application to [[learning]] or studying, [[study]]; in the <[[number]] opt="n">plur.</[[number]]>, studies ([[very]] freq.; also in Cic.; cf.: [[studeo]] and [[studiosus]]): [[pabulum]] studii [[atque]] doctrinae, Cic. Sen. 14, 49: (eum) non [[solum]] naturā et moribus, [[verum]] [[etiam]] [[studio]] et doctrinā esse sapientem, id. Lael. 2, 6: [[semper]] mihi et [[doctrina]] et eruditi homines et tua ista studia placuerunt, id. Rep. 1, 17, 29: studia exercere, id. Fam. 9, 8, 2: studia Graecorum, id. Rep. 1, 18, 30: illum se et hominibus Pythagoreis et studiis illis dedisse, id. ib. 1, 10, 16: relinque te studiis, Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 7: studia ad voluptatem exercere, id. ib. 6, 8, 6: famam ex studiis petere, id. ib. 6, 11, 3; Tac. A. 16, 4; Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 18 (36), 1: studia graviora iracundis omittenda sunt, id. Ira, 3, 9, 1; cf.: studiis annos [[septem]] dedit, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 82: si non Intendes animum studiis, id. ib. 1, 2, 36: o seri studiorum! i. e. ὀψιμαθεῖς, id. S. 1, 10, 21.—Hence,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The fruits of [[study]], works ([[post]]-[[class]].): flagitante [[vulgo]] ut omnia sua studia publicaret, Tac. A. 16, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[place]] for [[study]], a [[study]], [[school]] ([[late]] Lat.): philosophum (se egit) in omnibus studiis, templis, locis, [[Capitol]]. M. Aurel. 26; Cod. Th. 14, 9, 3.