umbra: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>umbra</b>: ae, f. etym. dub.; Curt. compares Sanscr. ambara, an [[encircling]],<br /><b>I</b> a [[shade]], [[shadow]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit.: cum [[usque]] [[quaque]] [[umbra]] est, [[tamen]] Sol [[semper]] hic est, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 79: [[illa]] [[platanus]], cujus umbram secutus est [[Socrates]], Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 28: fiebat, ut incideret [[luna]] in eam metam, quae esset [[umbra]] terrae, etc., id. Rep. 1, 14, 22; cf. id. Div. 2, 6, 17: colles ... afferunt umbram vallibus, id. Rep. 2, 6, 11: nox Involvens umbrā magnā terramque polumque, Verg. A. 2, 251: spissis noctis se condidit umbris, id. ib. 2, 621: majoresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae, id. E. 1, 84; 5, 70: pampineae, id. ib. 7, 58: certum est mihi, [[quasi]] [[umbra]], [[quoquo]] [[ibis]] tu, te persequi, Plaut. Cas. 1, 4; cf. id. Most. 3, 2, 82.—Prov.: umbras timere, to be [[afraid]] of shadows, i. e. to [[fear]] [[without]] [[cause]], Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4: umbram suam metuere, Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 2, 9: [[ipse]] meas [[solus]], [[quod]] nil est, [[aemulor]] umbras, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 19.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[painting]], the [[dark]] [[part]] of a [[painting]], [[shade]], [[shadow]]: [[quam]] [[multa]] vident pictores in umbris et in eminentiā, quae nos non videmus! Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20; so (opp. [[lumen]]) Plin. 35, 5, 11, § 29; 35, 11, 40, § 131; 33, 3, 57, § 163.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[shade]], [[ghost]] of a [[dead]] [[person]] ([[poet]]. and in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]]; cf.: [[Manes]], [[Lemures]]): nos ubi decidimus, Quo [[dives]] [[Tullus]] et [[Ancus]], Pulvis et [[umbra]] sumus, Hor. C. 4, 7, 16: ne [[forte]] animas Acherunte reamur Effugere aut umbras [[inter]] vivos volitare, Lucr. 4, 38; cf.: cornea ([[porta]]), quā veris [[facilis]] datur [[exitus]] umbris, Verg. A. 6, 894; Tib. 3, 2, 9; Verg. A. 5, 734; Hor. C. 2, 13, 30; id. S. 1, 8, 41; Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 18; Suet. Calig. 59 al.: Umbrarum rex, i. e. [[Pluto]], Ov. M. 7, 249; so, [[dominus]], id. ib. 10, 16.— In the plur. umbrae, of a [[single]] [[dead]] [[person]]: matris agitabitur umbris, Ov. M. 9, 410; 8, 476; 6, 541; Verg. A. 6, 510; 10, 519 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Like the Greek [[σκιά]]>, an [[uninvited]] [[guest]], whom an invited one brings [[with]] him (cf. [[parasitus]]), Hor. S. 2, 8, 22; id. Ep. 1, 5, 28; Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 27; so, of an [[attendant]]: luxuriae, Cic. Mur. 6, 13.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[shade]], [[shady]] [[place]], [[that]] [[which]] gives a [[shade]] or [[shadow]] (as a [[tree]], [[house]], [[tent]], etc; [[poet]].); of trees: [[nudus]] Arboris [[Othrys]] erat nec habebat [[Pelion]] umbras, Ov. M. 12, 513; so id. ib. 10, 88; 10, 90; 14, 447; Verg. G. 1, 157, id. E. 9, 20; 5, 5; Sil. 4, 681: Pompeiā spatiabere [[cultus]] in umbrā, i. e. in the Pompeian [[portico]], Prop. 4 (5), 8, 75; so, [[Pompeia]], Ov. A. A. 1, 67; 3, 387: vacuā tonsoris in umbrā, in the [[cool]] [[barber]]'s [[shop]], Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 50: studia in umbrā educata, in the [[closet]], [[study]], Tac. A. 14, 53; cf.: [[rhetorica]], i. e. the [[rhetorician]]'s [[school]], Juv. 7, 173: dum roseis venit [[umbra]] genis, i. e. [[down]], [[beard]], Stat. Th. 4, 336; cf.: dubia lanuginis, Claud. Nupt. Pall. et [[Celer]]. 42: [[nunc]] [[umbra]] nudata sua jam tempora moerent, i. e. of [[hair]], Petr. poët. 109: summae cassidis [[umbra]], i. e. the [[plume]] or [[crest]], Stat. Th. 6, 226: sed non erat [[illi]] Arcus et ex umeris nullae fulgentibus umbrae, i. e. quivers, id. S. 3, 4, 30.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[fish]], called also [[sciaena]]; a grayling, umber: Salmo thymallus, Linn.; Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 7 Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 5, § 77 Müll.; Ov. Hal. 111; Col. 8, 16, 8; Aus. Idyll. 10, 90.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop., [[like]] the Engl. [[shadow]] or [[shade]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Opp. to [[substance]] or [[reality]], a [[trace]], [[obscure]] [[sign]] or [[image]], [[faint]] [[appearance]], [[imperfect]] [[copy]] or [[representation]], [[semblance]], [[pretence]] (cf. [[simulacrum]]): veri juris germanaeque justitiae solidam et expressam effigiem nullam tenemus, umbrā et imaginibus utimur, Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69: [[umbra]] et [[imago]] civitatis, id. Rep. 2, 30, 53: [[umbra]] et [[imago]] equitis Romani, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: o hominem amentem et miserum, qui ne umbram [[quidem]] [[umquam]] τοῦ καλοῦ> viderit! id. Att. 7, 11, 1: in quo ipsam luxuriam reperire non potes, in eo te umbram luxuriae reperturum putas? id. Mur. 6, 13: in comoediā [[maxime]] claudicamus ... vix levem consequimur umbram, Quint. 10, 1, 100: sub umbrā foederis aequi servitutem pati, Liv. 8, 4, 2: umbras falsae gloriae consectari, Cic. Pis. 24, 57: [[umbra]] es amantum [[magis]] [[quam]] [[amator]], Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31: [[mendax]] pietatis [[umbra]], Ov. M. 9, 459: libertatis, Luc. 3, 146: belli, Sil. 15, 316: umbras quasdam veritatis habere, Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 17; Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 273.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Shelter, [[cover]], [[protection]]: [[umbra]] et [[recessus]], Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 101: umbrā magni nominis delitescunt, Quint. 12, 10, 15: [[umbra]] vestri auxilii tegi possumus, Liv. 7, 30, 18: sub umbrā auxilii vestri latere volunt, id. 32, 21, 31: sub umbrā Romanae amicitiae latebant, id. 34, 9, 10: [[morum]] vitia sub umbrā eloquentiae [[primo]] latebant, Just. 5, 2, 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Rest, [[leisure]]: ignavā Veneris cessamus in umbrā, Ov. Am. 2, 18, 3; Albin. Ob. Maec. 98.