usus: Difference between revisions

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|lshtext=<b>ūsus</b>: a, um, Part. of [[utor]].<br /><b>ūsus</b>: ūs, m. [[utor]],<br /><b>I</b> the [[use]] or using of [[any]] [[thing]], in the widest [[sense]] (cf.: [[consuetudo]], mos).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[use]], [[employment]], [[exercise]] of [[any]] [[thing]]; [[with]] gen. obj.: [[virtus]] in usu sui tota posita est: [[usus]] [[autem]] ejus est [[maximus]] civitatis [[gubernatio]], Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2: [[cetera]], ad virtutis usum idonea, id. Ac. 1, 6, 22.—Absol.: Quaeque ipsi doceant in usu habere, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10: nec [[rhus]] Latinum [[nomen]] habet, cum in usum pluribus modis veniat, Plin. 24, 11, 54, § 91.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Wear, a wearing [[out]] or [[away]] ([[poet]].): [[ferreus]] adsiduo consumitur [[anulus]] usu, Ov. A. A. 1, 473: silices tenuantur ab usu, id. ib. 3, 91.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Use, [[enjoyment]], [[fruition]]: et usu rerum necessarium et dignitate spoliatum iri, Caes. B. G. 7, 66: tantumque nobis in [[nostrum]] privatum usum, [[quantum]] ipsi superesse posset, remitteret, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13: [[cave]] sis ne tu te usu [[perduis]] (i. e. ex usu tui), [[lose]] [[control]] of [[yourself]], Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 225 Ussing ad loc.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Use, [[practice]], [[exercise]]: [[tantum]] usu cottidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti, etc., Caes. B. G. 4, 33: [[quod]] adsiduus [[usus]] uni rei [[deditus]] et [[ingenium]] et artem [[saepe]] vincit, Cic. Balb. 20, 45: cum rerum magnarum [[tractatio]] [[atque]] [[usus]] cum illarum artium studiis et cognitione conjungitur, id. Rep. 3, 3, 5: ad eam doctrinam, [[quam]] suo [[quisque]] [[studio]] adsecutus esset, adjungeretur [[usus]] [[frequens]], id. de Or. 1, 4, 15: docuit nos longa [[vita]] ususque rerum maximarum, id. ib. 2, 50, 204: usu [[quidem]] in re publicā rerum maximarum [[facile]] [[omnis]] viceris, id. Rep. 1, 23, 37.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Use, [[experience]], [[discipline]], [[skill]] [[acquired]] by [[practice]] (cf. [[experientia]]): Da. O Geta, provinciam Cepisti duram. Ge. Mi [[usus]] venit, hoc [[scio]], i. e. I [[have]] [[found]] it so by [[experience]], Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 23 (al. usu venit;<br /> v. [[infra]], II. C. 2.): vir tali prudentiā, [[etiam]] usu [[atque]] exercitatione [[praeditus]], Cic. Clu. 31, 84: res posita in usu militari, id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: usum in re publicā magnum habere, id. Phil. 10, 2, 6: magnum in re militari usum habere, Caes B G. 1, 39; id. B. C. 2, 34: non recusare se, [[quin]] nullius [[usus]] [[imperator]] existimaretur, id. ib. 3, 45: nullo usu rei [[militaris]] percepto, id. B. G. 6, 40; id. B. C. 3, 84: usu nauticarum rerum ceteros antecedunt, id. B. G. 3, 8: ne usu manuque reliquorum opinionem fallerent, id. B. C. 3, 86: et [[Marius]] aut belli usum aut studia volgi amissurus, Sall. J. 84, 3; cf. id. ib. 89, 6: dantur duo usu sapientiāque praestantes, Nep. Timoth. 3, 2: [[seris]] venit [[usus]] ab annis, Ov. M. 6, 29: tum foeda [[clades]], Romanisque usu incognita, Flor. 2, 2, 23. —Personified: adiciam [[quod]] me docuit [[usus]], [[magister]] [[egregius]], [[experience]], Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 12: usum et esse et haberi optimum dicendi magistrum, id. ib. 6, 29, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>6</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Use, [[habit]], [[usage]], [[custom]], [[practice]]: usum loquendi [[populo]] concessi: scientiam mihi reservavi, Cic. Or. 48, 160: dicendi [[omnis]] [[ratio]] in [[medio]] posita communi quodam in usu, id. de Or. 1, 3, 12: [[neque]] quem usum belli haberent, aut quibus institutis uterentur, Caes. B. G. 4, 20: (vitulos) ad [[studium]] [[atque]] usum formabis agrestem, Verg. G. 3, 163: est [[omnino]] Capitoni in usu claros viros colere, it is his [[custom]], Plin. Ep. 1, 17, 3: populum auctoritate suā ad usum frugalitatis revocavit, Just. 20, 4, 5: ab his [[Galli]] usum vitae cultioris didicerunt, id. 43, 4, 1: at horum [[recitatio]] usu jam recepta est, Plin. Ep. 7, 17, 3: cadent vocabula, si volet [[usus]], Hor. A. P. 71.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In jurid. lang.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Usus et [[fructus]], [[usus]] fructusque, and [[more]] [[frequently]] in one [[word]], ūsusfructus, the [[use]] and [[enjoyment]] of [[property]] belonging to [[another]], [[usufruct]]: [[usus]] [[enim]] ejus fundi et [[fructus]] testamento viri fuerat Caesenniae, Cic. Caecin. 7, 19: sibi horum [[usus]] fructusque contingat, Sen. Ep. 73, 9: rem nobis eripit [[casus]], usum fructumque [[apud]] nos relinquit, id. ib. 98, 11: usumfructum omnium bonorum suorum Caesenniae legat, ut frueretur una cum filio, Cic. Caecin. 4, 11; cf.: [[ususfructus]] est jus alienis rebus utendi fruendi, salvā rerum substantiā, Dig. 7, 1, 1; v. the [[entire]] [[title]], usufructu: [[dominus]] proprietatis alii usumfructum in jure cedere potest, Gai inst. 2, 30 sqq.; 2, 86; Ulp. Fragm. 15, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> A [[use]] [[that]] creates ownership, [[acquisition]] by [[prescription]], usucaption.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In the [[connection]] [[usus]] et [[auctoritas]], or [[without]] the [[copula]], [[usus]] [[auctoritas]]; v. [[auctoritas]]; and cf. Rein, Röm. Privatr. p. 144 sq.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In the [[phrase]] usu capere, to [[acquire]] by [[prescription]] ([[often]] as one [[word]]; v. 1. [[usucapio]]); [[hence]], com.: Mer. Quojus [[nunc]] es? Sos. Tuos: nam pugnis usu fecisti tuom, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 218.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Intercourse, [[familiarity]], [[association]], [[intimacy]], [[society]] (cf.: [[consuetudo]], [[conversatio]]): [[domesticus]] [[usus]] et [[consuetudo]], Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15: quocum mihi est [[magnus]] [[usus]], id. Fam. 7, 32, 1; 9, 25, 2: conjunctus magno usu familiaritatis, id. ib. 13, 52: in tanto usu nostro tantāque amicitiā, id. Planc. 2, 5: [[inter]] [[nosmet]] ipsos [[vetus]] [[usus]] intercedit, id. Fam. 13, 23, 1: ut insinuaret se in [[quam]] [[maxime]] familiarem usum, Liv. 40, 21, 11: [[recens]] [[praestat]] nec longo [[cognitus]] usu, Ov. Tr. 3, 5, 9: [[natio]] nullo commercio colens mutuos [[usus]], Curt. 7, 3, 5: neminem in usu habes [[nisi]] [[tibi]] dilectum, Plin. [[Pan]]. 88.—Hence,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> In mal. [[part]]., Tib. 1, 9, 55; Ov. R. Am. 357.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Use, [[practice]], [[reality]] (opp. [[species]]): ut ([[liberi]]) in usum boni sint et in speciem [[populo]], Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42: illam alteram (partem Numidiae) specie [[quam]] usu potiorem [[Adherbal]] possedit, Sall. J. 16, 5: ut non in usum sic ad speciem imperii, Flor. 3, 13, 4.<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Use, [[usefulness]], [[value]], [[utility]], [[benefit]], [[profit]], [[advantage]]: [[levis]] [[fructus]], [[exiguus]] [[usus]], Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26: (arborum) [[consectio]] magnos [[usus]] affert ad navigia facienda, id. N. D. 2, 60, 152: [[propter]] lini inopiam [[atque]] ejus [[usus]] inscientiam, Caes. B. G. 3, 13: naves factae [[subito]] ex umidā materiā non eundem usum celeritatis habebant, [[capacity]], [[fitness]], id. B. C. 1, 58: [[natis]] in usum laetitiae scyphis Pugnare, [[service]], Hor. C. 1, 27, 1: [[aurum]] cogere humanos in [[usus]], id. ib. 3, 3, 51: [[pater]], si das hujus mihi nominis usum, Ov. M. 2, 36: nescis, quo valeat numus? quem praebeat usum? Hor. S. 1, 1, 73: quidve ad amicitias, [[usus]] rectumne trahat nos, id. ib. 2, 6, 75: [[neque]] [[quisquam]] omnium libidini [[simul]] et usui paruit, Sall. C. 51, 2: [[plures]] [[quam]] [[quot]] [[satis]] in usum erant ignes, Liv. 36, 10, 12: servos quos domum [[quis]] ducet suo usu, Dig. 50, 16, 203: [[cicuta]] [[quoque]] [[venenum]] est ... ad [[multa]] [[tamen]] [[usus]] non omittendi, Plin. 25, 13, 95, § 151.—In partic., usui or ex usu esse, to be of [[use]], [[service]], or [[benefit]], to be [[useful]], [[serviceable]], [[advantageous]], or [[profitable]]: esse usui civitati, ea, quae sunt usui ad armandas naves, Caes. B. G. 5, 1; id. B. C. 1, 19; Liv. 3, 33, 5; cf.: (Satrius) fuit et mihi et Quinto fratri magno usui in nostris petitionibus, Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3: magno usui rei publicae esse, id. Phil. 10, 11, 26; Caes. B. G. 3, 14: bono usui esse, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15: peritos legum ad condenda nova jura usui [[fore]] credebant, Liv. 3, 33, 5: declararent, [[utrum]] [[proelium]] ex usu esset [[necne]], Caes. B. G. 1, 50; so, ex usu esse, Cic. Tusc. 4, 7, 14; Plin. 25, 13, 110, § 175: ad omnia haec [[magis]] [[opportunus]] nec [[magis]] ex usu tuo Nemo'st, Ter. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 47. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Use, [[occasion]], [[need]], [[want]], [[necessity]]: non te instruere domum tuam voluerunt in provinciā, sed illum usum provinciae supplere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 9: quae belli [[usus]] poscunt, suppeditare, Liv. 26, 43, 7: [[illuc]] euntium, quā quemque suorum usuum causae ferrent, id. 6, 25, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Usus est, or [[usus]] venit, [[there]] is [[need]], it is [[necessary]], becomes [[requisite]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Usus est ([[most]] freq. [[ante]]-[[class]]., esp. [[after]] the [[analogy]] of [[opus]] est [[with]] the abl.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absol.: [[egomet]] mihi [[fero]], [[quod]] usu'st, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 13: [[ubicumque]] [[usus]] siet, id. Bacch. 4, 4, 9; and, [[with]] [[ellipsis]] of subst. [[verb]]: [[dico]] ut [[usus]] fieri, id. As. 2, 2, 109: si [[quando]] [[usus]] esset, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92: Me. Mihi sic est [[usus]]: [[tibi]] ut [[opus]] [[facto]]'st, [[face]]. Ch. An cuiquam est [[usus]] homini, se ut cruciet? Me. Mihi, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28 sq.; cf.: ut equites Pompeianorum impetum, cum adesset [[usus]], sustinere non possent, Caes. B. C. 3, 84, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With abl.: [[viginti]] jam usu'st filio argenti minis, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 76; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 4, 55; 4, 9, 47: [[mulier]] quae se suamque aetatem spernit, speculo ei [[usus]] est, id. Most. 1, 3, 93: curatore [[usus]] est, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 10: ad eam rem [[usus]] est tuā mihi operā, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 27: tacere [[nequeo]] misera, [[quod]] [[tacito]] [[usus]] est, id. Cist. 1, 2, 10: argento invento, id. Ps. 1, 1, 48: [[facto]], id. Am. 1, 3, 7; id. Rud. 2, 3, 67; id. Stich. 1, 1, 56 al.: [[dicto]], id. Trin. 2, 4, 102: [[navis]], quibus [[usus]] non est, [[omnis]] praecidisse, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3: quibus (navibus) consuli [[usus]] non esset, Liv. 30, 41, 8: [[nunc]] viribus [[usus]], Nunc manibus rapidis, omni [[nunc]] [[arte]] magistrā, Verg. A. 8, 441: ad eam rem usu'st homine astuto, docto, scito et callido, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 151.—Pleonast.: non [[usus]] [[facto]]'st mihi [[nunc]] hunc [[intro]] sequi, Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 47.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With ut: [[nunc]] ad me ut veniat usu'st Acroteleutium, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 39; cf. Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28 [[supra]].—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With gen.: alii offerunt se, si quo [[usus]] operae [[sit]], Liv. 26, 9, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Usus venit (not in Cic.): si [[quis]] [[usus]] venerit, Meminisse ego hanc rem vos [[volo]], Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 28: [[quom]] ad praetorem [[usus]] veniet, id. Poen. 3, 4, 17; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 129: si [[usus]] vene rit, id. Merc. 3, 1, 20: non [[usus]] veniet, [[spero]], Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 42: ut, si [[usus]] veniat, suum [[quisque]] locum teneat, if [[occasion]] should [[arise]], Caes. B. G. 7, 80.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With abl.: ubi [[usus]] veniat [[contra]] consertā manu, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> A [[fit]] [[occasion]] or [[opportunity]] to be used.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Usus est or adest, an [[occasion]] or [[opportunity]] offers: de ceteris studiis [[alio]] [[loco]] dicemus, si [[usus]] fuerit, Cic. Tusc. 4, 3, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Esp.: usu venit, it happens, occurs, befalls, chances: nam [[quid]] homini potest turpius, [[quid]] viro miserius aut acerbius usu venire? Cic. Quint. 15, 49; id. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 101: si id [[culpa]] senectutis accideret, [[eadem]] mihi usu venirent, id. Sen. 3, 7: [[idem]] solet in demonstratione usu venire, id. Inv. 1, 10, 14; 1, 54, 104: [[quod]] [[item]] in poëmatis, in picturis usu venit, id. Off. 3, 3, 15: hoc illud eis usu venire solet, ut, etc., id. Ac. 2, 11, 35: cum [[praesertim]] mihi usu venturum non arbitrarer, ut, etc., id. Fam. 3, 8, 6: et, id [[quod]] usu venerat, Eumolpidas demigravit, [[actually]] occurred ([[however]] [[strange]]), Nep. Alcib. 4, 5: id [[quod]] [[numquam]] [[antea]] usu venerat, id. ib. 6, 3: praemeditatus, [[quid]] sibi esset usu venturum, Auct. Her. 2, 5, 8: [[Caesar]] biduum in iis locis [[moratus]], [[quod]] haec de Vercingetorige usu ventura opinione perceperat, Caes. B. G. 7, 9: usu venire ut abhorreant, etc., Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8.—Separated or in a [[reversed]] [[order]]: non venit [[idem]] usu mihi [[quod]] tu [[tibi]] scribis, Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: [[quod]] cuipiam Thraco venisse usu [[fabula]] est, Gell. 19, 12, 6: [[quid]], [[quod]] usu [[memoria]] patrum venit, ut, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183.

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