ψυχή: Difference between revisions

|txtha=ψυχῆς, ἡ (ψύχω, to breathe, blow), from Homer down, the Sept. times too many to count for נֶפֶשׁ, occasionally also for לֵב and לֵבָב;<br /><b class="num">1.</b> breath (Latin anima), i. e.<br /><b class="num">a.</b> the breath of life; the vital force which animates the body and shows itself in breathing: ἐπιστραφήτω ψυχή τοῦ παιδαρίου, ἡ ψυχή; is distinguished from τό πνεῦμα (see πνευαμ, 2, p. 520a (and references under the word πνεῦμα 5)), life: μέριμναν τῇ ψυχή, τήν ψυχήν ἀγαπᾶν, μισεῖν, τιθέναι, παραδιδόναι, διδόναι (λύτρον, which see), ζητεῖν τήν ψυχήν τίνος (see ζητέω, 1a.), εὑρίσκειν, σῴζειν, ἀπολλύναι τήν ψυχήν αὐτοῦ, etc., designate as ψυχή in one of the antithetic members the life which is lived on earth, in the other, the (blessed) life in the eternal kingdom of God: R. V. soul)): περιποίησις ψυχῆς, κτᾶσθαι τάς ψυχάς, ὑπέρ τῶν ψυχῶν (here A. V. (not R. V.) for you; cf.<br /><b class="num">c.</b> below), that in which there is life; a living being: ψυχή ζῶσα, a living soul, R Tr marginal reading) (πᾶσα ψυχή ζωῆς, G L T Tr text WH) (πᾶσα ψυχή, every soul, i. e. everyone, כָּל־נֶפֶשׁ, ἀνθρώπου added, every soul of man (אָדָם נֶפֶשׁ, ψυχαί, souls (like the Latin capita) i. e. persons (in enumerations; cf. German Seelenzahl): Passow, under the word, 2, vol. ii, p. 2590b) are of a different sort (yet cf. Liddell and Scott, under the word, II:2)); ψυχαί ἀνθρώπων of slaves (A. V. souls of men (R. V. with marginal reading 'Or lives')), σῶμα, 1c. (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 22,7 N. 3)).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> the soul (Latin animus), a. the seat of the feelings, desires, affections, aversions (our soul, heart, etc. (R. V. almost uniformly soul); for examples from Greek writings see Passow, under the word, 2, vol. ii., p. 2589b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, II:3); Hebrew נֶפֶשׁ, cf. Gesenius, Thesaurus ii, p. 901in 3): αἴρω, 1b.); ἡ ἐπιθυμία τῆς ψυχῆς, ἀνάπαυσιν ταῖς ψυχαῖς εὑρίσκειν, ψυχή, ... ἀναπαύου, φάγε, πίε (WH brackets these three imperatives), εὐφραίνου (personification and direct address), ἡ ψυχή ἀναπαύσεται, Xenophon, Cyril 6,2, 28; ἐυφραίνειν τήν ψυχήν, Aelian v. h. 1,32); εὐδοκεῖ ἡ ψυχή μου (anthropopathically, of God), περίλυπος ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου, ἡ ψυχή μου τετάρακται, ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν ἀκλυόμενοι (fainting in your souls (cf. ἐκλύω, 2b.)), ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχή σου, with all thy soul, L text T Tr WH); ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς σου (Latin ex toto animo), with (literally, from (cf. ἐκ, II:12b.)) all thy soul, T WH omit; L Tr marginal reading brackets the phrase); R G) (Epictetus diss. 3,22, 18 (cf. Xenophon, anab. 7,7, 43)); Antoninus 3,4; (especially 4,31; 12,29); ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχή φροντίζειν τίνος (rather, with κεχαρισθαι), Xenophon, mem. 3,11, 10); μία ψυχή, with one soul (cf. πνεῦμα, 2, p. 520a bottom), τοῦ πλήθους ... ἦν ἡ καρδία καί ἡ ψυχή μία, ἐρωτηθεις τί ἐστι φίλος, ἔφη. μία ψυχή δύο σώμασιν ἐνοικουσα, (Diogenes Laërtius 5,20 (cf. Aristotle, eth. Nic. 9,8, 2, p. 1168b, 7; on the elliptical ἀπό μιᾶς (namely, ψυχῆς?), see ἀπό, III.)); ἐκ ψυχῆς, from the heart, heartily (Tr WH with ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς often in Xenophon; τό ἐκ ψυχῆς πένθος, Josephus, Antiquities 17,6, 5).<br /><b class="num">b.</b> "the (human) soul in so far as it is so constituted that by the right use of the aids offered it by God it can attain its highest end and secure eternal blessedness, the soul regarded as a moral being designed for everlasting life": ἀγρύπνειν ὑπέρ τῶν ψυχῶν, ἐπιθυμίαι, αἵτινες στρατεύονται κατά τῆς ψυχῆς, ἐπίσκοπος τῶν ψυχῶν, σῴζειν τάς ψυχάς, ψυχήν ἐκ θανάτου, from eternal death, σωτηρία ψυχῶν, ἁγνίζειν τάς ψυχάς ἑαυτῶν, τάς ψυχάς πιστῷ κτίστῃ παρατίθεσθαι, the soul as an essence which differs from the body and is not dissolved by death (distinguished from τό σῶμα, as the other part of human nature (so in Greek writings from Isocrates and Xenophon down; cf. examples in Passow, under the word, p. 2589{a} bottom; Liddell and Scott, under the word, II:2)): ἀθάνατος, Herodotus 2,123; Plato Phaedr., p. 245c., 246a., others; ἄφθαρτος, Josephus, b. j. 2,8, 14; διαλυθῆναι τήν ψυχήν ἀπό τοῦ σώματος, Epictetus diss. 3,10, 14); the soul freed from the body, a disembodied soul, Homer, under the word, 3, and references at the end, also Proudfit in Bib. Sacr. for 1858, pp. 753-805)).