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θυμός: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[spirit]], [[courage]], [[anger]], [[sense]] (Il.); on meaning and use in Hom. etc. Marg Charakter 47ff.; also Magnien REGr. 40, 117ff. (criticism by Wahrmann Glotta 19, 214f.).<br />Compounds: Many compp., e. g. <b class="b3">θυμο-βόρος</b> <b class="b2">eating the heart</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">θυμ-ηγερέων</b> <b class="b2">collecting ones spirit, coing to one-self</b> (η 283; Leumann Hom. Wörter 116 n. 83, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 349), <b class="b3">θυμαρής</b>, <b class="b3">θυμήρης</b> <b class="b2">delighting the heart</b> (Il.; Bechtel Lex. s. v., Leumann 66); <b class="b3">πρό-θυμος</b> (bahuvrihi) [[prepared]], [[willing]] (IA) with <b class="b3">προθυμία</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b> (Β 588) and <b class="b3">-έομαι</b> (IA).<br />Derivatives: Dimin. <b class="b3">θυμίδιον</b> (Ar. V. 878); adj. <b class="b3">θυμικός</b> and <b class="b3">θυμώδης</b> [[passionate]], [[vehement]] (Arist.); denomin. verbs: 1. [[θυμιάω]] <b class="b2">burn producing smoke</b> (s.v.) with <b class="b3">θυμίη</b> [[incense]]; 2. <b class="b3">θυμόομαι</b> <b class="b2">get angry</b> (IA), rarely <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (E. Supp. 581), with <b class="b3">θύμωμα</b> <b class="b2">being angry</b> (A. Eu. 861, epigr.), <b class="b3">θύμωσις</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Cic. Tusc. 4, 9, 21); 3. <b class="b3">θυμαίνω</b> <b class="b2">be angry</b> (Hes. Sc. 262, Ar., A. R.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [261] <b class="b2">*dheuH-</b> [[smoke]]<br />Etymology: Identical with Skt. <b class="b2">dhūmá-</b>, Lat. [[fūmus]], Lith. <b class="b2">dū́mai</b> (pl.), OCS [[dymъ]] [[smoke]]; the meaning [[smoke]] preserved in <b class="b3">θυμιάω</b>. On the meaning Chantraine Formation 134 with Ernout-Meillet s. [[fūmus]] . - A variant with short u seems impossible. Wit IE <b class="b2">ou-</b>diphthong one cites OHG [[toum]] [[steam]], [[vapour]]. Cf. 2. <b class="b3">θύω</b>. (DELG compares <b class="b3">θύω</b> 1 [[s]]élancer avec fureur', by mistake?) | |etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[spirit]], [[courage]], [[anger]], [[sense]] (Il.); on meaning and use in Hom. etc. Marg Charakter 47ff.; also Magnien REGr. 40, 117ff. (criticism by Wahrmann Glotta 19, 214f.).<br />Compounds: Many compp., e. g. <b class="b3">θυμο-βόρος</b> <b class="b2">eating the heart</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">θυμ-ηγερέων</b> <b class="b2">collecting ones spirit, coing to one-self</b> (η 283; Leumann Hom. Wörter 116 n. 83, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 349), <b class="b3">θυμαρής</b>, <b class="b3">θυμήρης</b> <b class="b2">delighting the heart</b> (Il.; Bechtel Lex. s. v., Leumann 66); <b class="b3">πρό-θυμος</b> (bahuvrihi) [[prepared]], [[willing]] (IA) with <b class="b3">προθυμία</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b> (Β 588) and <b class="b3">-έομαι</b> (IA).<br />Derivatives: Dimin. <b class="b3">θυμίδιον</b> (Ar. V. 878); adj. <b class="b3">θυμικός</b> and <b class="b3">θυμώδης</b> [[passionate]], [[vehement]] (Arist.); denomin. verbs: 1. [[θυμιάω]] <b class="b2">burn producing smoke</b> (s.v.) with <b class="b3">θυμίη</b> [[incense]]; 2. <b class="b3">θυμόομαι</b> <b class="b2">get angry</b> (IA), rarely <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (E. Supp. 581), with <b class="b3">θύμωμα</b> <b class="b2">being angry</b> (A. Eu. 861, epigr.), <b class="b3">θύμωσις</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Cic. Tusc. 4, 9, 21); 3. <b class="b3">θυμαίνω</b> <b class="b2">be angry</b> (Hes. Sc. 262, Ar., A. R.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [261] <b class="b2">*dheuH-</b> [[smoke]]<br />Etymology: Identical with Skt. <b class="b2">dhūmá-</b>, Lat. [[fūmus]], Lith. <b class="b2">dū́mai</b> (pl.), OCS [[dymъ]] [[smoke]]; the meaning [[smoke]] preserved in <b class="b3">θυμιάω</b>. On the meaning Chantraine Formation 134 with Ernout-Meillet s. [[fūmus]] . - A variant with short u seems impossible. Wit IE <b class="b2">ou-</b>diphthong one cites OHG [[toum]] [[steam]], [[vapour]]. Cf. 2. <b class="b3">θύω</b>. (DELG compares <b class="b3">θύω</b> 1 [[s]]élancer avec fureur', by mistake?) | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=θῡμός, ὁ, [θύω2]<br />the [[soul]]:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> like Lat. [[anima]], the [[soul]], [[breath]], [[life]], θυμὸν ἀπαυρᾶν, ἀφελέσθαι, [[ἐξελέσθαι]], ἐξαίνυσθαι, [[ὀλέσαι]] to [[take]] [[away]] [[life]], Hom.; θυμὸν ἀποπνείειν to [[expire]], Il.; θυμὸν ἀγείρειν to [[collect]] [[oneself]], Il., etc.; θυμὸς τείρετο καμάτῳ his [[spirit]] was wearied by [[toil]], Il.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> like Lat. [[animus]], the [[soul]], [[heart]]; and so,<br /><b class="num">1.</b> of [[desire]] for [[meat]] and [[drink]], [[ἔπιον]] θ' [[ὅσον]] ἤθελε [[θυμός]] Il.:—c. inf., [[βαλέειν]] δέ ἑ θυμὸς [[ἀνώγει]] his [[heart]] bade him [[shoot]], Il.; ἤθελε θυμῷ he wished in his [[heart]] or with all his [[heart]], Il.; θυμῷ βουλόμενος wishing with all one's [[heart]], Hdt.; so, ἐκ θυμοῦ φιλέειν Il.:— [[θυμός]] [[ἐστί]] μοι, θ. γίγνεταί μοι, c. inf., I [[have]] a [[mind]] to do . . , Il., Xen., etc.:—also as the [[seat]] of [[sorrow]] or joy, [[χαῖρε]] δὲ θυμῷ Il.; ἄχνυτο [[θυμός]] Il., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[mind]], [[temper]], [[will]], θ. [[πρόφρων]], [[νηλεής]], [[σιδήρεος]] Hom.; ἕνα θυμὸν ἔχειν to be of one [[mind]], Il.; δόκησε δ' ἄρα σφίσι θυμὸς ὣς [[ἔμεν]] it [[pleased]] them to be of [[this]] [[mind]], Od.; ἐδαΐζετο [[θωμός]] [[their]] [[mind]] was divided, Il.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[spirit]], [[courage]], [[μένος]] καὶ [[θυμός]] Il.; θυμὸν λαμβάνειν to [[take]] [[heart]], Od.; παραὶ ποσὶ κάππεσε [[θυμός]] Il., etc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> as the [[seat]] of [[anger]], νεμεσίζεσθαι ἐνὶ θυμῷ Il.:—[[hence]], [[anger]], [[wrath]], δάμασον θυμόν Il.; θυμὸς [[μέγας]] ἐστὶ βασιλῆος Il.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> the [[soul]] as the [[agent]] of [[thought]], ᾔδεε γὰρ κατὰ θυμόν Il.; [[φράζετο]] θυμῷ Il. | |||
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