πυνθάνομαι: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: to find out, learn, to ask, to inquire, to investigate' (Il.); act. <b class="b3">πεύθω</b>, <b class="b3">πεῦσαι</b> <b class="b2">to announce, to cite</b> (Crete).<br />Other forms: ep. also <b class="b3">πεύθομαι</b> (metr. easier; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 111, 282, 308), fut. <b class="b3">πεύσομαι</b>, aor. 2. <b class="b3">πυθέσθαι</b>, redupl. opt. <b class="b3">πεπύθοιτο</b>, perf. <b class="b3">πέπυσμαι</b>.<br />Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b><br />Derivatives: With zero grade: 1. <b class="b3">πύστις</b> f. [[questioning]], [[inquiry]], [[tidings]] (Att., A.; cf. below) with <b class="b3">πυστι-άομαι</b> <b class="b2">to interrogate</b> (Plu., Phot., H.); 2. <b class="b3">πύσμα</b> n. [[question]], [[interrogation]] with <b class="b3">-ματικός</b> [[interrogative]], [[asking]] (late); 3. <b class="b3">πυστός</b> (EM, Eust.), always as 2. member, resp. in the prefixcompp., e.g. <b class="b3">ἄ-πυστος</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνά-πυστος</b> (Od.). With full grade: 4. <b class="b3">πευθώ</b> f. [[tidings]] (A. Th. 370); 5. <b class="b3">πεῦσις</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνά-</b>) f. [[information]] (Ph., Plu.; older <b class="b3">πύστις</b>, cf. Fraenkel Glotta 32, 27 w. lit.); 6. <b class="b3">πευθήν</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆνος</b> m. [[spy]] (Luc., Arr.; Solmsen Wortforsch. 143); 7. Adj. <b class="b3">πευστικός</b> [[interrogating]] (A. D., Ph.); 8. as 2. member, after the <b class="b3">ες-</b>stems (Schwyzer 513), <b class="b3">-πευθής</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀ-πευθ-ής</b> [[uninvestigated]], [[unaware]] (Od.); 9. with dentalsuffix <b class="b3">φιλό-πευσ-τος</b> (Phot., Suid.), <b class="b3">-της</b> (Ptol.) <b class="b2">who loves questioning</b> with <b class="b3">-πευστέω</b>, <b class="b3">-πευστία</b> (hell.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [150] <b class="b2">*bʰeudʰ-</b> <b class="b2">be awake, wake, observe, recognize</b><br />Etymology: The full grade thematic root-present <b class="b3">πεύθομαι</b> has exact formal agreements in several languages: Skt. <b class="b2">bódhati</b>, midd. <b class="b2">-te</b> [[watch]], [[observe]], [[understand]], Av. [[baođaiti]], <b class="b2">-te</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, also <b class="b2">smell after</b>, Germ., e.g. Goth. <b class="b2">ana-</b>, <b class="b2">faur-biudan</b> [[order]], [[arrange]] resp. [[forbid]], OWNo. [[bjōða]] 'offer, present, make known', Slav., e.g. OCS <b class="b2">bljudǫ</b>, [[bljusti]] [[preserve]], [[guard]], [[observe]], Russ. <b class="b2">bljudú</b>, <b class="b2">bljustí</b> [[observe]], [[perceive]], IE <b class="b2">*bheudh-e(-ti</b>, <b class="b2">-toi</b>) <b class="b2">observes, is attent</b>. The deviating meaning of the Germ. verbs agrees mainly to the (prob. secondary) active Cret. <b class="b3">πεύθω</b> and is related to an old opposition of the diatheses; a corresponding meaning shows a.o. the Skt. causative <b class="b2">bodháyati</b> [[wake]], [[instruct]], [[inform]]. The meaning <b class="b2">find out, ask</b> is a Greek innovation. -- With (<b class="b3">ἐ-)πύθοντο</b> agrees exactly Skt. <b class="b2">budhánta</b> so these are in origin identical; complete formal congruence is also found between (<b class="b3">ἄ-)πυστος</b> and Skt. <b class="b2">buddhá-</b>, which functions as ptc. of the caus. <b class="b2">bodháyati</b> ('wakes, illuminates'), to which also Av. [[hupō]].<b class="b2">bus-ta-</b> <b class="b2">well scented</b>; thus as between <b class="b3">πύστις</b> and Skt. <b class="b2">buddhi-</b> f. [[insight]], [[intelligence]], [[spirit]], between (<b class="b3">ἀ-)πευθής</b> and Av. <b class="b2">baođah-</b> n. [[observation]]; in all these cases one must reckon with independent innovations. A nasalized present like <b class="b3">πυν-θάνομαι</b> is also found in Lith. <b class="b2">bu-n-dù</b>, inf. <b class="b2">bústi</b> [[wake]] (with the suffixed caus. <b class="b2">búd-inu</b>, <b class="b2">-inti</b>) and in Celt., e.g. OIr. <b class="b2">ad-bond-</b> <b class="b2">give notice, announce</b>. Through the strong productivity of these formations is also here original identity doubtful; cf. Schwyzer 701 w. lit. -- Further forms from the diff. languages with rich lit. in WP. 2, 147f., Pok. 150, Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">bódhati</b>, Fraenkel s. <b class="b2">budė́ti</b>, Vasmer s. <b class="b2">bljudú</b>.

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