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ποινή: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[ransom]], [[fine]], [[penalty]], [[vengeance]] ( ep. poet. II.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ποιν-ηλατέω</b> <b class="b2">to pursue with vengeance</b> (on the fomation s. <b class="b3">ἐλαύνω</b>), <b class="b3">νή-ποινος</b> [[unpunished]], [[unavenged]] (Od.); on [[ἄποινα]] s. v.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ποι[ν]ίον</b> n. = <b class="b3">ποινή</b> (Delph. IVa; like <b class="b3">πεδ-ίον</b>, <b class="b3">χωρ-ίον</b> a.o.); 2. the adj. <b class="b3">ποίν-ιμος</b> [[avenging]] (S.; like <b class="b3">νόμιμος</b>, <b class="b3">αἴσιμος</b>, Arbenz 77), <b class="b3">-αῖος</b> [[punishing]], [[avenging]] (late); 3. the verbs a. <b class="b3">ποιν-άομαι</b> <b class="b2">to avenge oneself</b> (E.) with <b class="b3">-άτωρ</b> (A., E.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 22f.), <b class="b3">-ήτωρ</b> (Nonn.), <b class="b3">-ητήρ</b> (Opp.) [[avenger]]; f. <b class="b3">-ῆτις</b> [[avengeress]] (AP); b. <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b> in aor. <b class="b3">-ίξασθαι</b> <b class="b2">to exact a penalty</b> (Arc. VIa). Also 4. <b class="b3">ποι-νώματα τιμωρήματα</b> H.; after <b class="b3">μίσθωμα</b>, <b class="b3">κεφάλωμα</b>, <b class="b3">μηχάνωμα</b> etc. (cf. Chantraine Form. 187; change to <b class="b3">-ήματα</b> not necessary).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [637] [[kʷoina]] [[punishment]], [[vengeance]]<br />Etymology: Identical with Av. [[kaēnā]] f. [[punishment]], [[vengeance]]; here also the semantically deviating Lith. <b class="b2">káina</b> f. [[price]], [[utility]] and Slav., e.g. OCS <b class="b2">cěna</b> f. <b class="b3">τιμή</b>', Russ. <b class="b2">cěná</b> f. [[price]], [[worth]] (oxytone as <b class="b3">ποινή</b>; Schwyzer 380); all from IE <b class="b2">*kʷoinā</b>; on the difference in meaning cf. <b class="b3">τιμή</b> beside <b class="b3">ποινή</b> and Heubeck Gymnasium 56, 252 ff.; also Luther Weltansicht u. Geistesleben 64 f. -- Old <b class="b2">nā-</b>formation (Porzig Satzinhalte 345 f.) of a verb [[requite]], [[mend]] in <b class="b3">τίνω</b> etc.; s. v. Cf. also Fraenkel s. <b class="b2">káina</b> and Vasmer s. <b class="b2">cěná</b> with further forms and rich lit. Lat. LW [loanword] [[poena]] (from where NHG [[Pein]] etc.); s. W.-Hofmann s. v., also w. lit. and with rejection of other poposals. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[ransom]], [[fine]], [[penalty]], [[vengeance]] ( ep. poet. II.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ποιν-ηλατέω</b> <b class="b2">to pursue with vengeance</b> (on the fomation s. <b class="b3">ἐλαύνω</b>), <b class="b3">νή-ποινος</b> [[unpunished]], [[unavenged]] (Od.); on [[ἄποινα]] s. v.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ποι[ν]ίον</b> n. = <b class="b3">ποινή</b> (Delph. IVa; like <b class="b3">πεδ-ίον</b>, <b class="b3">χωρ-ίον</b> a.o.); 2. the adj. <b class="b3">ποίν-ιμος</b> [[avenging]] (S.; like <b class="b3">νόμιμος</b>, <b class="b3">αἴσιμος</b>, Arbenz 77), <b class="b3">-αῖος</b> [[punishing]], [[avenging]] (late); 3. the verbs a. <b class="b3">ποιν-άομαι</b> <b class="b2">to avenge oneself</b> (E.) with <b class="b3">-άτωρ</b> (A., E.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 22f.), <b class="b3">-ήτωρ</b> (Nonn.), <b class="b3">-ητήρ</b> (Opp.) [[avenger]]; f. <b class="b3">-ῆτις</b> [[avengeress]] (AP); b. <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b> in aor. <b class="b3">-ίξασθαι</b> <b class="b2">to exact a penalty</b> (Arc. VIa). Also 4. <b class="b3">ποι-νώματα τιμωρήματα</b> H.; after <b class="b3">μίσθωμα</b>, <b class="b3">κεφάλωμα</b>, <b class="b3">μηχάνωμα</b> etc. (cf. Chantraine Form. 187; change to <b class="b3">-ήματα</b> not necessary).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [637] [[kʷoina]] [[punishment]], [[vengeance]]<br />Etymology: Identical with Av. [[kaēnā]] f. [[punishment]], [[vengeance]]; here also the semantically deviating Lith. <b class="b2">káina</b> f. [[price]], [[utility]] and Slav., e.g. OCS <b class="b2">cěna</b> f. <b class="b3">τιμή</b>', Russ. <b class="b2">cěná</b> f. [[price]], [[worth]] (oxytone as <b class="b3">ποινή</b>; Schwyzer 380); all from IE <b class="b2">*kʷoinā</b>; on the difference in meaning cf. <b class="b3">τιμή</b> beside <b class="b3">ποινή</b> and Heubeck Gymnasium 56, 252 ff.; also Luther Weltansicht u. Geistesleben 64 f. -- Old <b class="b2">nā-</b>formation (Porzig Satzinhalte 345 f.) of a verb [[requite]], [[mend]] in <b class="b3">τίνω</b> etc.; s. v. Cf. also Fraenkel s. <b class="b2">káina</b> and Vasmer s. <b class="b2">cěná</b> with further forms and rich lit. Lat. LW [loanword] [[poena]] (from where NHG [[Pein]] etc.); s. W.-Hofmann s. v., also w. lit. and with rejection of other poposals. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=!ποινη, ἡ,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[quit]]-[[money]] for [[blood]] spilt, paid by the [[slayer]] to the kinsmen of the [[slain]], (old Engl. were-[[gild]]); c. gen. pers., δῶχ' [[υἷος]] ποινήν gave [[ransom]] or were-[[gild]] for the son, Il., etc.:—[[generally]], a [[price]] paid, [[satisfaction]], [[retribution]], [[requital]], [[penalty]], Lat. [[poena]], ἀπετίσατο ποινὴν ἑτάρων exacted [[penalty]] for his comrades, Od.; [[δυώδεκα]] κούρους, ποινὴν Πατρόκλοιο in [[retribution]] for the [[death]] of [[Patroclus]], Il.; τῶν ποινήν in [[return]] for these things, Il.; ποινὴν [[τῖσαι]] Ξέρξῃ τῶν κηρύκων ἀπολομένων to [[give]] [[Xerxes]] [[satisfaction]] for the [[death]] of his heralds, Hdt.; in [[attic]] the pl. is [[more]] [[common]]; ποινὰς [[τῖσαι]], [[δοῦναι]] to pay penalties, Lat. [[dare]] poenas, Aesch., etc.; ποινὰς [[λαβεῖν]] to [[exact]] them, Lat. sumere poenas, Eur.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> in [[good]] [[sense]], [[recompense]], [[reward]] for a [[thing]], τινος Pind.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> as the [[result]] of the [[quit]]-[[money]], [[redemption]], [[release]], Pind.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> personified, the [[goddess]] of Vengeance, Aesch., etc. | |||
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