ζυγόν: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[yoke]] (Il.), also metaph., e. g. of a cross-wood, of the rowing benches connecting the two ship sides, of the tongue of a balance, of a pair, of a row or a rank of soldiers (oppos. <b class="b3">στοῖχος</b>), as land measure.<br />Other forms: Hell. mostly <b class="b3">-ός</b> m., rarely earlier, s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 37.)<br />Compounds: Often in compp., e. g. <b class="b3">πολύ-ζυγος</b> <b class="b2">with many rowing benches</b>, <b class="b3">ζυγό-δεσμον</b> <b class="b2">yoke-straps</b> (Il.), also <b class="b3">ζυγη-φόρος</b> <b class="b2">carrying a yoke</b> (A., analog.-metr. beside <b class="b3">ζυγο-φόρος</b>; Schwyzer 439 n. 1).<br />Derivatives: Seberal deriv.: 1. <b class="b3">ζύγιον</b> <b class="b2">rowing bench</b> (hell.). 2. <b class="b3">ζυγίσκον</b> meaning unclear (IG 22, 1549, 9, Eleusis, + 300a). 3. <b class="b3">ζύγαινα</b> the hammer-headed shark (Epich., Arist.; after the shape of the skull, Strömberg Fischnamen 35). 4. <b class="b3">ζυγίς</b> [[thyme]] (Dsc.; motivation of the name unknown, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56). 5. <b class="b3">ζούγωνερ</b> (= <b class="b3">*ζύγωνες</b>) <b class="b3">βόες ἐργάται</b>. <b class="b3">Λάκωνες</b> H. 6. <b class="b3">ζυγίτης</b> name of a rower (sch.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 44), f. <b class="b3">ζυγῖτις</b> Hera as goddess of marriage (Nicom. ap. Phot.; Redard 209). 7. <b class="b3">ζυγία</b> [[maple]] (Thphr.) prop. "yoke-wood" (s. Strömberg Theophrastea 114), because the hard maple was mainly used to make yokes (so even now in southern Italy), Rohlfs WB VI and 86; also Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 57, Dawkins JournofHellStud. 56, 1f.; diff. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56 (after the pairwise attached fruits). 8. <b class="b3">ζύγαστρον</b> <b class="b2">wooden cist, chest</b> s.v. [[σίγιστρον]] - Adject. 9. <b class="b3">ζύγιος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the yoke etc.</b> (Att. etc.; also as nautical expression, s. Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 128ff.). 10. <b class="b3">ζύγιμος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Plb.; s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 94). 11. <b class="b3">ζυγικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the tongue of a balance</b> (Nicom. Harm.). Adv. <b class="b3">ζυγ-άδην</b> (Ph.), <b class="b3">ζυγ-ηδόν</b> (Hld.) [[pairwise]]. - Denomin. verbs: 1. <b class="b3">ζυγόω</b> <b class="b2">yoke, connect (through a cross-wood), shut, hold the balance</b> (A., hell.) with <b class="b3">ζύγωμα</b> <b class="b2">bar, cross-rod</b> (Plb.), <b class="b3">ζύγωσις</b> [[balancing]] (hell.), <b class="b3">*ζύγωθρον</b> in the denomin. aor. ipv. <b class="b3">ζυγώθρισον</b> (Ar. Nu. 745; meaning uncertain, [[weigh]] or [[shut]]?). 2. <b class="b3">ζυγέω</b> <b class="b2">form a row or rank</b> (Plb.). - Beside <b class="b3">ζυγόν</b> as 2. member the verbal root <b class="b3">-ζυξ</b>, e. g. <b class="b3">ἄ-ζυξ</b> [[unconnected]], [[unmarried]], <b class="b3">ὁμό-</b>, <b class="b3">σύ-ζυξ</b> <b class="b2">yoked together, connected</b> (also <b class="b3">ἄ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὁμό-</b>, <b class="b3">σύ-ζυγος</b>), s. Chantraine REGr. 59-60, 231f.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [508} <b class="b2">*ieug-</b> [[connect]]<br />Etymology: Old name of a device, retained in most IE languages, e. g. Hitt. [[iugan]], Skt. <b class="b2">yugám</b>, Lat. [[iugum]], Germ., e. g. Goth. [[juk]], IE <b class="b2">*i̯ugóm</b>; more forms Pok. 509f., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. [[iugum]]. - The root noun <b class="b3">-ζυξ</b> also in Lat. <b class="b2">con-iux</b> [[spouse]], Skt. <b class="b2">a-yúj-</b> <b class="b2">not forming a pair, uneven</b> (formally = <b class="b3">ἄ-ζυξ</b> except the accent), <b class="b2">sa-yúj-</b> [[connected]], [[companion]] a. o. - Cf. [[ζεύγνυμι]] and [[ζεῦγος]]. Rix, Hist. Gramm. 60, 70 suggests <b class="b2">Hi̯-</b>, which is still uncertain.

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