σκέπτομαι: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to look around, to look back, to spy, to contemplate, to consider, to survey</b> (Il; Att. has fo it <b class="b3">σκοπέω</b>, <b class="b3">-έομαι</b>; s. below)<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">σκέψασθαι</b> (Od.), fut. <b class="b3">σκέψομαι</b>, perf. <b class="b3">ἔσκεμμαι</b> (IA.), aor. pass. <b class="b3">σκεφθῆναι</b> (Hp.), <b class="b3">σκεπ-ῆναι</b> w. fut. <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b> (LXX).<br />Compounds: Often w. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b> a. o.<br />Derivatives: A. With <b class="b3">ε-</b>vowel: 1. <b class="b3">σκέψις</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπί-</b>, <b class="b3">κατά-</b> σκέπτομαι a.o.) [[contemplation]], [[deliberation]], [[examination]] (IA.). 2. <b class="b3">σκέμ-μα</b> (rarely w. <b class="b3">δια-</b> a. o.) [[examination]], [[problem]] (Hp., Pl. a. o.). 3. <b class="b3">σκεπτ-οσύνη</b> f. = <b class="b3">σκέψις</b> (Timo, Cerc.). 4. <b class="b3">-ήριον</b> n. [[test]] (Man.). 5. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b> σκέπτομαι) [[cogitating]], [[revising]], <b class="b3">οἱ</b> σκέπτομαι name of a philos. sect (hell. a. late). B. With <b class="b3">ο-</b>ablaut: 1. <b class="b3">σκοπός</b> m. (f.) <b class="b2">spy, guard, scout; goal, purpose</b> (Il.) with hypostases: <b class="b3">ἐπί-σκοπος</b>, adv. <b class="b3">-α</b> <b class="b2">hitting the goal</b> (Hdt., trag., late), <b class="b3">ἀπό-σκοπος</b> <b class="b2">missing the goal</b> (Emp.); <b class="b3">σκόπ-ιμος</b> [[purposive]], [[appropriate]] (late; Arbenz 97); as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">οἰωνο-σκόπος</b> m. <b class="b2">bird-watcher</b> with <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-ικός</b>, <b class="b3">-εῖον</b> (E., hell. a. late). 2. To the prefixcompp.: <b class="b3">ἐπί-</b>, <b class="b3">κατά-</b>, <b class="b3">πρό-σκοπος</b> m. <b class="b2">spy, supervisor, foresighted etc.</b> (Hom., Pi., IA.). 3. <b class="b3">σκοπή</b> (<b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b> a. o.) f., the spying, watch-tower' (Att. etc.) with <b class="b3">σκοπάω</b> (Ar. Fr. 854). 4. <b class="b3">σκοπιά</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ιή</b> f. <b class="b2">mountain-, castle-watching-place, mountain-summit, watch-tower</b> (ep. Ion. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose; favoured by the metre, Scheller Oxytonierung 82 f.) with <b class="b3">σκοπ-ιήτης</b> m. <b class="b2">summit dweller</b> = <b class="b3">Πάν</b> (Paus.), <b class="b3">-ιάζω</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>) <b class="b2">to spy, to look out</b> (ep. Il.), <b class="b3">-ιάομαι</b> <b class="b2">to percieve</b> (Il.; only w. <b class="b3">δια-</b>). 5. <b class="b3">σκοπέω</b>, <b class="b3">-έομαι</b> iterat.-intensive to <b class="b3">σκέπτομαι</b> (Pi., IA.), non-pres. forms late: <b class="b3">σκοπ-ῆσαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ήσασθαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ήσω</b>, <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>, <b class="b3">ἐσκόπημαι</b>. 6. <b class="b3">σκοπεύω</b> (<b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>), prob. second. for <b class="b3">σκοπέω</b> (Schwyzer 732; X., LXX, pap. etc.) with <b class="b3">σκόπ-ευσις</b>, <b class="b3">-ευτής</b> (Aq.), <b class="b3">-εῖα</b> n. pl. (Procl.). -- S. also [[σκόπελος]] and [[σκώψ]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [984] <b class="b2">*speḱ-</b> <b class="b2">see sharply, spy</b><br />Etymology: As old yot-present <b class="b3">σκέπτομαι</b> stands with metathesis (Schwyzer 268) for <b class="b3">*σπέκ-ι̯ομαι</b>, which is identical with Lat. [[speciō]], Av. [[spasyeiti]] and (except for anl. <b class="b2">s-</b>) with Skt. <b class="b2">páśyati</b> [[see]]. The aor. <b class="b3">σκέψασθαι</b> too can in the same way be identified with Lat. [[spexī]] ; in both cases we have however to do with innovations against the suppletive Skt. <b class="b2">ádarśam</b>, 3. pl. <b class="b2">ádr̥śan</b> (s. <b class="b3">δέρκομαι</b>). Through the iterative-intensive <b class="b3">σκοπέω</b>, <b class="b3">-έομαι</b> a new opposition was created in Greek to <b class="b3">σκέψασθαι</b> etc. in the same way as Skt. <b class="b2">pásyati</b> : <b class="b2">ádarśam</b>, <b class="b3">ὁράω</b> : <b class="b3">εἶδον</b>. -- Semant. and phonetic identity is also found in <b class="b3">σκοπός</b> and Skt. <b class="b2">spaśa-</b> [[spy]], which is enlarged from <b class="b2">spaś-</b> (s. below; Wackernagel-Debrunner II : 2, 90); to this further OWNo. [[spār]] [[predicting]] from PGm. <b class="b2">*spaha-</b> (IE <b class="b2">*spóḱo-</b>). Thus <b class="b3">σκοπή</b> agrees, but for the accent, with OWNo. [[spā]] f. [[prophesy]] from PGm. <b class="b2">*spahō</b> (IE <b class="b2">*spóḱa</b>). Greek does not have the old root noun Skt. <b class="b2">spaś-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">spas-</b> [[spy]], Lat. <b class="b2">haru-spex</b> a. o., from which <b class="b3">σκέπτομαι</b> etc. prob. arose as denominative. -- Further details w. lit. in WP. 2, 659f., Pok. 984, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. [[speciō]]. NGr. forms in Caratzas Glotta 33, 322 ff.

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