πικρός: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">sharp, peaky, piercing, bitter, painful</b> (Il.; on the meaning Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 78 a. 273).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">πικρό-χολος</b> <b class="b2">full of bitter gall</b> (Hp.), <b class="b3">γλυκύ-πικρος</b> <b class="b2">sweet-bitter</b> (Sapph.; Risch IF 59, 32).<br />Derivatives: 1. Abstract: <b class="b3">πικρ-ότης</b> f. <b class="b2">sharpness, bitterness etc.</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-ία</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (D., Arist., hell.). 2. plantname: <b class="b3">πικρ-άς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Arist., Thphr., Ps.-Dsc.); Strömberg Pfl.namen 63; <b class="b3">-άς</b> f. also <b class="b2">sour bottom</b> (pap. IIIa); <b class="b3">-ίδιος</b> as adj. <b class="b2">somewhat bitter</b> (Ath.). 3. verbs: a. <b class="b3">πικρ-αίνομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-αίνω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b> a.o., <b class="b2">to become bitter, to embitter; to make bitter</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ασμός</b> (<b class="b3">παρα-</b>πικρός) m. [[embitterment]] (LXX, Ep. Hebr.), <b class="b3">-αντικῶς</b> adv. <b class="b2">in an embittering way</b> (S.E.); b. <b class="b3">πικρ-όομαι</b>, almost only with <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp., Arist., Thphr.) with <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. (Gal.); back formation <b class="b3">ἔκπικρος</b> <b class="b2">very bitter</b> (Arist.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 73); c. <b class="b3">πικρ-άζομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-άζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b2">id.</b> (S. E.). 4. substantivising <b class="b3">πίκρα</b> f. name of an antidote (Alex. Trall.). 5. PN <b class="b3">Πρίκων</b> m. (Eretria, Tanagra) with metathesis as in NGr. <b class="b3">πρικός</b> (Kretschmer Glotta 6, 304; diff. Bechtel KZ 45, 155).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [794] <b class="b2">*piḱ-ro-</b> [[motley]], [[painted]]<br />Etymology: With a Slav. word for [[motley]], e.g. ORuss. CSlav. [[pьstrъ]] formally identical: IE <b class="b2">*piḱros</b>, from a verb [[sting]], [[cut]], [[embroider]], [[paint]] in Sk. <b class="b2">piṃśáti</b> (nasalpres.) <b class="b2">carve, cut to measure, ornament</b>, Slav., e.g. OCS [[pьsati]] [[write]]; further cognates s. [[ποικίλος]]. -- With <b class="b3">πικρός</b> also some Indo-Iran. words have been identified: Pashto <b class="b2">p(u)šǝī</b> f. <b class="b2">kind of rhubarb, Rheum emodi</b> (Morgenstierne Sarūpa-Bhāratī [Hoshiarpur 1954] 1; ), Skt. <b class="b2">śilpá-</b> [[motley]] (inverted from <b class="b2">*piślá-</b>; Tedesco Lang. 23, 383ff [?]). After Machek Zeitschr. f. Slawistik 1, 36 here also Slav. [[prikrь]] [[disgusting]], [[sour]], [[sharp]]; against this Vasmer Wb. s. <b class="b2">príkryj</b>.

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