μῆλον: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=1<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[apple]] (Il.), also (with diff. determining attribute) of other stone-fruits (Hp., Dsc.), often metaph.: <b class="b2">(seed-)capsule of a rose</b> (Thpr.), in plur. <b class="b2">breasts, cheeks, tonsils, apple-like beaker</b> (Ar., Theoc., medic., pap., inscr.).<br />Other forms: Dor. Aeol. <b class="b3">μᾶλον</b>.<br />Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in <b class="b3">μῆλ-οψ</b> [[applecoloured]] = [[yellow]] (η 104), <b class="b3">μαλο-πάραυος</b> <b class="b2">with apple-like cheekes</b> (Theoc.); <b class="b3">μηλ-άπιον</b> n. name of a fruit (medic., Plin.).). As 2. member in determinatives, e.g. <b class="b3">γλυκύ-μαλον</b>, <b class="b3">-μηλον</b> <b class="b2">sweet-apple</b> (Sapph. [?; Risch IF 59, 10 A. 2], Call.), <b class="b3">μελί-μηλον</b> <b class="b2">summer-apple, Pyrus praecox</b> (Dsc.), also [[applemead]] (medic.) for <b class="b3">μηλό-μελι</b> (Dsc.; Strömberg Wortstudien 7); cf. <b class="b3">κοκκύ-μηλον</b>; on <b class="b3">ἐπιμηλίς</b> s. v.<br />Derivatives: A. Subst. 1. <b class="b3">μηλέη</b>, <b class="b3">-α</b> [[appletree]] (Od.); 2. <b class="b3">μηλίς</b>, <b class="b3">μαλίς</b> f. = <b class="b3">μηλέα</b> (Ibyc., Theoc.), <b class="b2">yellow pigment</b> (Plu.), name of a distemper of asses, [[glanders]]? (Arist.); 3. <b class="b3">μηλίτης οἶνος</b> <b class="b2">apple-, quince-wine</b> (Plu., Dsc.; Redard 98); 4. <b class="b3">μηλίσκα</b> n. pl. name of cups shaped like apples (Delos IIIa); 5.<b class="b3">Μηλ-ιάδες</b> f. pl. <b class="b2">fruittree-nymphs</b> (Poll.; like <b class="b3">κρην-ιάδες</b>); 6. <b class="b3">μήλωθρον</b> n. = <b class="b3">ἄμπελος λευκή</b> (Thphr., Dsc.; cf. <b class="b3">ψίλωθρον</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> from <b class="b3">ψιλόω</b>, <b class="b3">πύρωθρον</b> = <b class="b3">πύρεθρον</b>). -- B. Adj. 7. <b class="b3">μήλινος</b>, <b class="b3">μάλινος</b> <b class="b2">made of apples, applecoloured</b> (Sapph., Thphr.); 8. <b class="b3">μήλειος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the apple</b> (Nic., A. R.); 9. <b class="b3">μηλώδης</b> [[applelike]] (Gal.). -- C. Verb. 10. <b class="b3">μηλίζω</b> <b class="b2">resemble an apple (in colour)</b> (medic.). -- Here also the island name <b class="b3">Μῆλος</b> ("apple-island")?; s. Heubeck Glotta 25, 271.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Mediterranean word. -- From Greek Lat. [[mālum]], [[mēlum]], with [[mālinus]] [[applecoloured]], [[mēlinus]] <b class="b2">of quince-apples</b>; s. W.-Hofmann s. 1. [[mālus]]. The word has been connected with Hitt. <b class="b2">mahla-</b>, but this appeared to have a diff. meaning (`grape, vine, twig of a vine'); Cuny, REA 26(1924)364f; corrected by Sturtevant CGr.1 292, Kronasser VLFL (1956) 88, Szemerényi, Phonetica 17(1967)47; hardly to <b class="b3">ἀμάμαξυς</b>, Fur. 212.<br />2<br />Grammatical information: n., mostly pl. <b class="b3">-α</b><br />Meaning: <b class="b2">small cattle, sheep and goats</b> (Il.); <b class="b3">μηλάτων</b> Lyc. 106 after <b class="b3">προβάτων</b>.<br />Other forms: (also Dor.).<br />Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">μηλο-βότης</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">-τας</b> [[shepherd]] (Pi., E.), also <b class="b3">-βοτήρ</b> (Σ 529, h. Merc. 286) in <b class="b3">-βοτῆρας</b> at verse-end, after the simplex (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 65, Chantraine Form. 323, Risch $13d, Shipp Studies 66); <b class="b3">μηλάταν τὸν ποιμένα</b>. <b class="b3">Βοιωτοί</b> H., haplological for <b class="b3">μηλ-ηλάταν</b> or for <b class="b3">μηλόταν</b> after <b class="b3">βοηλάταν</b> (Bechtel Gött. Nachr. 1919, 345, Dial. 1,307); on <b class="b3">μηλ-ολόνθη</b> s. v. Rarely as 2. member, only in some bahuvrihis (diff. <b class="b3">-μηλον</b> [[apple]], s. v.), e.g. <b class="b3">πολύ-μηλος</b> <b class="b2">with many sheep</b> (Il.); also in PN, e.g. Boeot. <b class="b3">Πισί-μειλος</b>.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">μήλειος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the small cattle</b> (Ion., E.), <b class="b3">μηλόται ποιμένες</b> H. (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 129, Schwyzer 500), <b class="b3">μηλωτή</b> f. [[sheepskin]] (Philem. Com., hell.; like <b class="b3">κηρωτή</b> a.o.) with <b class="b3">Μηλώσιος</b> surn. of Zeus (Corc., Naxos), prop. "who is wrapped in a sheepskin" (Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 395f.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Old word for <b class="b2">small cattle</b>, which is well attested in Celtic, e.g. OIr. [[mil]] n. <b class="b2">small animal</b>, and is sporadically found also in Westgerm., e.g. in OLFranc. [[māla]] [[cow]], Dutch [[maal]] <b class="b2">young cow</b> (here also the old name of the Harz, <b class="b3">Μηλί-βοκον ὄρος</b>?). -- Against these words, which all can go back on IE <b class="b2">*mēlo-</b>, stands with <b class="b2">a-</b>vowel Arm. [[mal]] [[sheep]], also SmRuss. [[mal]]' f. <b class="b2">small cattle, young sheep</b>, Russ. (Crimea) <b class="b2">malíč</b> <b class="b2">kind of Crimea-sheep</b>. It eems obvious to sonnect these words with the general Slav. adj. for [[small]], e.g. OCS [[malъ]], Russ. <b class="b2">mályj</b>. A further step leads to the Germ. word for [[small]], [[narrow]] in Goth. [[smals]] etc., which is often used of small cattle, e.g. OWNo. [[smale]] m. <b class="b2">small animal</b>, OHG <b class="b2">smalaz fihu</b> <b class="b2">Schmal-vieh, small cattle</b>. If we posit IE *(<b class="b2">s)mēl-</b>, (<b class="b2">s)mōl-</b> (OCS [[malь]] etc.), (<b class="b2">s)mǝl-</b> (Arm. [[mal]], Goth. [[smals]] etc.)[this means <b class="b2">*smHlo-</b>?], it would seem possible, to bring all words mentioned together. [For Arm. [[mal]] Ačaryan HAB III2224 proposes a loan from Arabic.] All this does not lead to a probable solution. -- Fick 1, 519, however, thinks for the <b class="b3">μῆλον-</b>group of <b class="b2">*mē-</b> [[bleat]] (s. <b class="b3">μηκάομαι</b>). -- Cf. WP. 2, 296f (with open doubt), Pok. 724, W.-Hofmann s. 3. [[malus]], Vasmer s. <b class="b2">mályj</b>.

}}