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βαίνω: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[go]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Only present stem. Other presents: 1. <b class="b3">βάσκω</b>, mostly as ipv. <b class="b3">βάσκε</b>, <b class="b3">-τε</b> (Il.; s. below); 2. <b class="b3">βιβάσκω</b> (Il.), mostly causative ; 3. <b class="b3">βίβημι</b> (<b class="b3">βίβαμι</b>), <b class="b3">-άω</b> (to <b class="b3">ἔβην</b>, s. below) in <b class="b3">βιβάς</b>, <b class="b3">βιβῶν</b>, <b class="b3">βιβᾳ̃</b> [[stride]] (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 300); 4. <b class="b3">βιβάζω</b> (posthom.) causative; 5. <b class="b3">βιβάσθων</b> in <b class="b3">μακρὰ β</b>. (Il.), metrical lengthening of <b class="b3">βιβάς</b> at verse end (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 327, Shipp Studies 39).<br />Compounds: Many compounds: <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμ-βαίνω</b> usw.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">βάσις</b> [[step]], [[base]] (Pi., in comp. Il.) = Skt. <b class="b2">gáti-</b> (below). 2. <b class="b3">βατήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆρος</b> m. [[threshold]], [[basis]] (Amips., inscr. etc.). 3. <b class="b3">-βάτης</b>, <b class="b3">-ου</b> m. from comp.: <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμ-βάτης</b> etc. (Il.), also with nominal first element, e. g. <b class="b3">στυλο-βά-της</b>; 4. <b class="b3">-βατος</b> from comp. : <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b> (<b class="b3">ἀμ-)βατός</b> etc. (Il.); <b class="b3">βατός</b> as simplex (rarely) [[accessible]] (X.); s. Chantr. Form. 302ff. From <b class="b3">-βάτης</b> and <b class="b3">-βατος</b> abstracta in <b class="b3">-σία</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπερβασία</b> [[transgression]] (Il.); denomin. in <b class="b3">-εύω</b> and <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμβατεύω</b> etc. 5. <b class="b3">-βάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. in <b class="b3">ἐμβαδές</b>. From here (?) adv. <b class="b3">βάδην</b> <b class="b2">step by step</b>. 6. <b class="b3">βάθρον</b> [[basis]], [[seat]] etc. (Ion.-Att.), <b class="b3">βάθρα</b>. 7. <b class="b3">βαθμός</b> and <b class="b3">βασμός</b> m. [[step]], [[basis]] etc. (hell.; <b class="b3">βαθμίς</b> f. Pi.). Not here <b class="b3">βαμβαίνων</b>, q. v. From the root <b class="b3">βη-</b>: <b class="b3">βῆμα</b>, <b class="b3">βᾶμα</b> n. [[step]] etc. (h. Merc. etc.; = Av. <b class="b2">gāman-</b> n. [[step]]) ; further <b class="b3">βηλός</b> (<b class="b3">βαλός</b>) m. [[threshold]] (Il.), <b class="b3">βηλά</b> n. pl. = <b class="b3">πέδιλα</b> (Panyas.); s. Chantr. Form. 240. Also <b class="b3">-βήτης</b>, <b class="b3">-ου</b> m. in <b class="b3">ἐμπυριβή-της</b> (<b class="b3">τρίπους</b>) <b class="b2">standing over the fire</b> (Ψ 702); on <b class="b3">διαβή-της</b> s.s.v. <b class="b2">circle etc.</b> (Ar.) s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 33f.; cf. also [[ἀμφισβητέω]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [463] <b class="b2">*gʷem-</b> [[go]]<br />Etymology: A jot present < <b class="b3">*βάν-ι̯ω</b> < <b class="b3">*βάμ-ι̯ω</b> < <b class="b2">gʷm̥-i̯o</b>, <b class="b3">βά-σκω</b> < *gʷm̥- from the root <b class="b2">*gʷem-</b>. The non-present forms were made from the root <b class="b3">βη-</b> (<b class="b3">βα-</b>) < <b class="b2">*gʷeh₂-</b>: <b class="b3">ἔβην</b>, <b class="b3">βήσομαι</b> (factitive <b class="b3">ἔβησα</b>, <b class="b3">βήσω</b> after <b class="b3">ἔστησα</b>, <b class="b3">στήσω</b>), <b class="b3">βέβηκα</b> (Il.). The present <b class="b3">βαίνω</b> is identical with Lat. [[venio]] (on [[go]] and [[come]] s. Porzig Satzinhalte 330f.); the <b class="b2">sḱ-</b>present <b class="b3">βάσκε</b> in Skt.. <b class="b2">gácchati</b> < <b class="b2">*gʷm̥-ske-ti</b> <b class="b2">he goes</b>. The full grade in Goth. [[qiman]] [[come]], Skt. <b class="b2">á-gam-am</b> <b class="b2">I went</b> (aor.). Here also <b class="b3">ἐβάθη ἐγεννήθη</b> H.? for which one compares Lith. <b class="b2">gìmstu</b> <b class="b2">be born</b>, if <b class="b2">-stu</b> < <b class="b2">*-sḱō</b> (Leumann IF 58, 120)? - With <b class="b3">βάσις</b> cf. Skt. <b class="b2">gáti-</b>, Lat. <b class="b2">con-ventio</b>, and Germ., e.g. Goth. <b class="b2">ga-qumÞs</b>. Also <b class="b3">-βατος</b> = Skt. (-)<b class="b2">gata-</b>, Lat. <b class="b2">-ventus</b>. With <b class="b3">βίβημι</b> cf. Skt. <b class="b2">jígāti</b> <b class="b2">he goes.</b> The aor. <b class="b3">ἔβην</b> agrees exactly with Skt. <b class="b2">á-gā-m</b> <b class="b2">he went</b>; das noun <b class="b3">βῆμα</b> agrees with Av. <b class="b2">gā-man-</b> n. [[step]], [[pace]]. - With the roots <b class="b2">guem-</b> and <b class="b2">guā-</b> cf. <b class="b2">*drem-</b> (s. <b class="b3">ἔδραμον</b>), <b class="b2">drā-</b> (s. <b class="b3">ἀποδιδράσκω</b>), with related meaning. Cf. [[βέβαιος]], [[βέβηλος]], [[βωμός]], [[βαστάζω]], [[βητάρμων]]. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[go]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Only present stem. Other presents: 1. <b class="b3">βάσκω</b>, mostly as ipv. <b class="b3">βάσκε</b>, <b class="b3">-τε</b> (Il.; s. below); 2. <b class="b3">βιβάσκω</b> (Il.), mostly causative ; 3. <b class="b3">βίβημι</b> (<b class="b3">βίβαμι</b>), <b class="b3">-άω</b> (to <b class="b3">ἔβην</b>, s. below) in <b class="b3">βιβάς</b>, <b class="b3">βιβῶν</b>, <b class="b3">βιβᾳ̃</b> [[stride]] (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 300); 4. <b class="b3">βιβάζω</b> (posthom.) causative; 5. <b class="b3">βιβάσθων</b> in <b class="b3">μακρὰ β</b>. (Il.), metrical lengthening of <b class="b3">βιβάς</b> at verse end (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 327, Shipp Studies 39).<br />Compounds: Many compounds: <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμ-βαίνω</b> usw.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">βάσις</b> [[step]], [[base]] (Pi., in comp. Il.) = Skt. <b class="b2">gáti-</b> (below). 2. <b class="b3">βατήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆρος</b> m. [[threshold]], [[basis]] (Amips., inscr. etc.). 3. <b class="b3">-βάτης</b>, <b class="b3">-ου</b> m. from comp.: <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμ-βάτης</b> etc. (Il.), also with nominal first element, e. g. <b class="b3">στυλο-βά-της</b>; 4. <b class="b3">-βατος</b> from comp. : <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b> (<b class="b3">ἀμ-)βατός</b> etc. (Il.); <b class="b3">βατός</b> as simplex (rarely) [[accessible]] (X.); s. Chantr. Form. 302ff. From <b class="b3">-βάτης</b> and <b class="b3">-βατος</b> abstracta in <b class="b3">-σία</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπερβασία</b> [[transgression]] (Il.); denomin. in <b class="b3">-εύω</b> and <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμβατεύω</b> etc. 5. <b class="b3">-βάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. in <b class="b3">ἐμβαδές</b>. From here (?) adv. <b class="b3">βάδην</b> <b class="b2">step by step</b>. 6. <b class="b3">βάθρον</b> [[basis]], [[seat]] etc. (Ion.-Att.), <b class="b3">βάθρα</b>. 7. <b class="b3">βαθμός</b> and <b class="b3">βασμός</b> m. [[step]], [[basis]] etc. (hell.; <b class="b3">βαθμίς</b> f. Pi.). Not here <b class="b3">βαμβαίνων</b>, q. v. From the root <b class="b3">βη-</b>: <b class="b3">βῆμα</b>, <b class="b3">βᾶμα</b> n. [[step]] etc. (h. Merc. etc.; = Av. <b class="b2">gāman-</b> n. [[step]]) ; further <b class="b3">βηλός</b> (<b class="b3">βαλός</b>) m. [[threshold]] (Il.), <b class="b3">βηλά</b> n. pl. = <b class="b3">πέδιλα</b> (Panyas.); s. Chantr. Form. 240. Also <b class="b3">-βήτης</b>, <b class="b3">-ου</b> m. in <b class="b3">ἐμπυριβή-της</b> (<b class="b3">τρίπους</b>) <b class="b2">standing over the fire</b> (Ψ 702); on <b class="b3">διαβή-της</b> s.s.v. <b class="b2">circle etc.</b> (Ar.) s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 33f.; cf. also [[ἀμφισβητέω]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [463] <b class="b2">*gʷem-</b> [[go]]<br />Etymology: A jot present < <b class="b3">*βάν-ι̯ω</b> < <b class="b3">*βάμ-ι̯ω</b> < <b class="b2">gʷm̥-i̯o</b>, <b class="b3">βά-σκω</b> < *gʷm̥- from the root <b class="b2">*gʷem-</b>. The non-present forms were made from the root <b class="b3">βη-</b> (<b class="b3">βα-</b>) < <b class="b2">*gʷeh₂-</b>: <b class="b3">ἔβην</b>, <b class="b3">βήσομαι</b> (factitive <b class="b3">ἔβησα</b>, <b class="b3">βήσω</b> after <b class="b3">ἔστησα</b>, <b class="b3">στήσω</b>), <b class="b3">βέβηκα</b> (Il.). The present <b class="b3">βαίνω</b> is identical with Lat. [[venio]] (on [[go]] and [[come]] s. Porzig Satzinhalte 330f.); the <b class="b2">sḱ-</b>present <b class="b3">βάσκε</b> in Skt.. <b class="b2">gácchati</b> < <b class="b2">*gʷm̥-ske-ti</b> <b class="b2">he goes</b>. The full grade in Goth. [[qiman]] [[come]], Skt. <b class="b2">á-gam-am</b> <b class="b2">I went</b> (aor.). Here also <b class="b3">ἐβάθη ἐγεννήθη</b> H.? for which one compares Lith. <b class="b2">gìmstu</b> <b class="b2">be born</b>, if <b class="b2">-stu</b> < <b class="b2">*-sḱō</b> (Leumann IF 58, 120)? - With <b class="b3">βάσις</b> cf. Skt. <b class="b2">gáti-</b>, Lat. <b class="b2">con-ventio</b>, and Germ., e.g. Goth. <b class="b2">ga-qumÞs</b>. Also <b class="b3">-βατος</b> = Skt. (-)<b class="b2">gata-</b>, Lat. <b class="b2">-ventus</b>. With <b class="b3">βίβημι</b> cf. Skt. <b class="b2">jígāti</b> <b class="b2">he goes.</b> The aor. <b class="b3">ἔβην</b> agrees exactly with Skt. <b class="b2">á-gā-m</b> <b class="b2">he went</b>; das noun <b class="b3">βῆμα</b> agrees with Av. <b class="b2">gā-man-</b> n. [[step]], [[pace]]. - With the roots <b class="b2">guem-</b> and <b class="b2">guā-</b> cf. <b class="b2">*drem-</b> (s. <b class="b3">ἔδραμον</b>), <b class="b2">drā-</b> (s. <b class="b3">ἀποδιδράσκω</b>), with related meaning. Cf. [[βέβαιος]], [[βέβηλος]], [[βωμός]], [[βαστάζω]], [[βητάρμων]]. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=[Root !βα]<br />A. in [[most]] forms,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> intr. to [[walk]], [[step]], [[properly]] of [[motion]] on [[foot]], ποσσὶ or ποσὶ βαίνειν Hom., etc.; c. inf. in Hom., βῆ [[ἰέναι]], βῆ ἰέμεν set out to go, went his way, Il.; βῆ [[θέειν]] started to run, Il.; βῆ δ' [[ἐλάαν]], Il., etc.:—c. acc. loci, Soph.; and with all Preps. implying [[motion]], as, ἐπὶ νηὸς ἔβαινεν was [[going]] on [[board]] [[ship]], Od.; ἐφ' ἵππων βάντες having [[mounted]] the [[chariot]], Od.; βαίνειν δι' αἵματος to [[wade]] [[through]] [[blood]], Eur., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> in perf. to [[stand]] or be in a [[place]], [[χῶρος]] ἐν ὧι βεβήκαμεν Soph.; often almost= [[εἰμί]] (sum), εὖ βεβηκώς on a [[good]] [[footing]], well established, [[prosperous]], Hdt., etc.; so, οἱ ἐν τέλει βεβῶτες they who are in [[office]], Hdt., Soph.; cf. [[ξυρόν]].<br /><b class="num">3.</b> to go, go [[away]], [[depart]], Il., Soph.; [[βέβηκα]] euphem. for [[τέθνηκα]], Aesch., Soph.:—of things, [[ἐννέα]] ἐνιαυτοὶ βεβάασι [[nine]] years [[have]] [[come]] and [[gone]], Il.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> to [[come]], [[τίπτε]] βέβηκας; Il.: to [[arrive]], Soph.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> to go on, [[advance]], ἐς [[τόδε]] τόλμης, ἐς τοσοῦτον ἐλπίδων Soph.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> c. acc. to [[mount]], Hom. only in aor1 mid., βήσασθαι [[δίφρον]]:— Pass., ἵπποι βαινόμεναι [[brood]] mares, Hdt.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[χρέος]] ἔβα με debts came on me, Ar.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> in Poets, with acc. of the [[instrument]] of [[motion]], [[which]] is [[simply]] pleonastic, βαίνειν [[πόδα]] to [[advance]] the [[foot]], [[step]] on, Eur., etc.<br />B. Causal, in fut. βήσω, aor1 [[ἔβησα]]:— to make to go, βῆσεν ἀφ' ἵππον, ἐξ ἵππων βῆσε brought them [[down]] from the [[chariot]], Il. The pres. in [[this]] [[sense]] is [[βιβάζω]]. | |||
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