δέκα: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: numeral<br />Meaning: [[ten]] (Il.)<br />Compounds: <b class="b3">ἕν-</b>, <b class="b3">δώ-</b>, also <b class="b3">δυώ-</b>, <b class="b3">δυό-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Inherited (s. below) <b class="b3">δέκατος</b> (Arc. Lesb. <b class="b3">δέκοτος</b> cf. Arc. <b class="b3">δυώδεκο</b>) [[tenth]]; f. <b class="b3">δεκάτη</b> (sc. <b class="b3">μερίς</b>) <b class="b2">the tenth</b> (Ion.-Att.) with <b class="b3">δεκατεύω</b> <b class="b2">exact tithe</b> (Ion.-Att.), with <b class="b3">δεκάτευμα</b> (Call.), <b class="b3">δεκάτευσις</b> (D. H.), <b class="b3">δεκατεία</b> (Plu.), <b class="b3">δεκατευτής</b> (Harp.) and <b class="b3">δεκατευτήριον</b> [[customhouse]] (X.); rare <b class="b3">δεκατόω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ep. Hebr.); <b class="b3">δεκατός</b> <b class="b2">sentenced to a fine of one tenth of ones property</b> (Cyren.), haplol. for <b class="b3">δεκα[τω]τός</b> or <b class="b3">δεκα[τευ]τός</b>; - <b class="b3">δεκάτη</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἡμέρα</b>) <b class="b2">the tenth day of the month or after the birth of a child, when the name-giving occurred</b> (Ion.-Att.) with <b class="b3">δεκαταῖος</b> (Pl.) and <b class="b3">δεκατισταί</b> (Bithynia; s. Chantr. Form. 318f.). - <b class="b3">δεκάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. <b class="b2">decade, groop of ten, esp. soldiers</b>, <b class="b3">δεκαδεύς</b> <b class="b2">member of a decade</b> (X.) also <b class="b2">president of a college of ten men</b> (Trozen), <b class="b3">δεκαδικός</b> (Herm. Alex. in Phdr.), <b class="b3">δεκαδιστής</b>, <b class="b3">-ίστρια</b> (Delos) = <b class="b3">δεκατιστής</b>; Thphr. Char. 27, 11 (s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 71). - <b class="b3">δεκανός</b> [[decurio]], [[surveyor]] with <b class="b3">δεκανία</b>, <b class="b3">δεκανικός</b> (pap., cf. Mayser pap. 12 : 3, 88), Macedonian (v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 401 n. 2). - Isolated denomin. <b class="b3">δεκάζω</b> <b class="b2">bribe (the judges)</b> (Att.) s.v. with <b class="b3">δεκασμός</b> (D. H.)s. Oldfather P.-W. 13, 2398f. - Uncertain OAtt. <b class="b3">δεκᾶν</b> (IG 12, 919).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [191] *deḱm̥ [[ten]].<br />Etymology: Gr. <b class="b3">δέκα</b>, Lat. [[decem]], Skt. <b class="b2">dáśa</b> a.o. from IE <b class="b2">*déḱm</b>. Beside it a collektive <b class="b2">t-</b>formation (Sommer Zum Zahlwort 21 n. 1; also on <b class="b3">δεκάκις</b>, <b class="b3">-ιν</b>) in Skt. <b class="b2">daśát</b>, Lith. <b class="b2">dẽšimt</b>, OCS <b class="b2">desętь</b>, Alb. <b class="b2">djetë</b> [[ten]], also in the ordinals <b class="b3">δέκατος</b>, Lith. <b class="b2">dešim̃tas</b>, OCS <b class="b2">desętъ</b>, Goth. [[taihunda]] etc., IE <b class="b2">*déḱm̥tos</b> (but s. Meillet BSL 29, 29f.). Lat. [[decimus]], Skt. <b class="b2">daśamá-</b> however from <b class="b2">*dḱm̥mos</b>. - Collective <b class="b3">δεκάς</b> is a Greek innovation: on the suffix (= Hitt. <b class="b2">-ant</b>\/<b class="b2">d-</b>) Sommer Münch. Stud. z. Sprachwiss. 4, 1ff. - Lit. in W.-Hofmann s. [[decem]]; also Brandenstein Die erste idg. Wanderung (Wien 1936) 22. S. also [[εἴκοσι]] and [[ἑκατόν]].

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