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δύναμαι: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">be able, be equal, be equivalent</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">δυνήσασθαι</b>, <b class="b3">δυνασθῆναι</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">δυνηθῆναι</b> (trag.), fut. <b class="b3">δυνήσομαι</b> (Od.), perf. <b class="b3">δεδύνημαι</b> (Att.)<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">δύναμις</b> f. [[strength]], [[power]] (Il.; cf. <b class="b3">θέμις</b> and below) with <b class="b3">δυναμικός</b> [[powerful]], [[effective]] (hell. and late), <b class="b3">δυναμερός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (medic.), <b class="b3">δυναμοστόν</b> a fraction (Dioph.); <b class="b3">δυναμόω</b> <b class="b2">make strong</b> (hell. and late), with <b class="b3">δυνάμωσις</b>, <b class="b3">δυναμωτικός</b>, <b class="b3">δύνασις</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pi.). <b class="b3">δυνάστης</b> m. [[lord]], [[master]] (ion.-att.) with <b class="b3">δυναστικός</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">δυναστεύω</b> (Ion.-Att.), with <b class="b3">δυναστεία</b>, <b class="b3">δυνάστευμα</b>, <b class="b3">δυναστευτικός</b>; f. <b class="b3">δυνάστις</b> (Demetr. Eloc.), <b class="b3">δυνάστειρα</b> (Tab. Defix. Aud. IIIp). <b class="b3">δυνάστωρ</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (E. IA 280 [lyr.]). Verbal adj. <b class="b3">δυνατός</b> <b class="b2">potens, able; possible</b> (Sapph.,) with <b class="b3">δυνατέω</b> <b class="b2">be strong</b> (2 Ep. Kor. 13, 3); <b class="b3">δυνητικός</b> [[potential]] (A. D.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Prob. <b class="b3">δύ-ν-αμαι</b>, a present with nasal infix, which was generalized: <b class="b3">δυ-ν-ά-σθην</b> for <b class="b3">*δυά-σθην</b> (cf. <b class="b3">λίναμαι</b> : <b class="b3">λιάσθην</b>), <b class="b3">δυ-ν-ήσομαι</b> for <b class="b3">*δυή-σομαι</b> etc., and in nouns <b class="b3">δύναμις</b> etc. An inorganic <b class="b3">-σ-</b> in: <b class="b3">δυνά-σ-θην</b>, <b class="b3">δυνά-σ-της</b>. The disyllabic root <b class="b3">δϜα-</b> formally agrees with that of <b class="b3">δ(Ϝ)ά-ν</b>, <b class="b3">δ(Ϝ)α-ρός</b> (s. [[δήν]], [[δηρός]]), but semantically a connection is difficult. - Cret. <b class="b3">νύναμαι</b> (Gortyn) must be the same word. It may be due simply to assimilation. Hell. <b class="b3">δύνομαι</b> is a thematic re-formation. - Details in Schwyzer 495 n. 5, 693 w. n. 5, 762; cf Frisk Eranos 43, 223 w. n. 3. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">be able, be equal, be equivalent</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">δυνήσασθαι</b>, <b class="b3">δυνασθῆναι</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">δυνηθῆναι</b> (trag.), fut. <b class="b3">δυνήσομαι</b> (Od.), perf. <b class="b3">δεδύνημαι</b> (Att.)<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">δύναμις</b> f. [[strength]], [[power]] (Il.; cf. <b class="b3">θέμις</b> and below) with <b class="b3">δυναμικός</b> [[powerful]], [[effective]] (hell. and late), <b class="b3">δυναμερός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (medic.), <b class="b3">δυναμοστόν</b> a fraction (Dioph.); <b class="b3">δυναμόω</b> <b class="b2">make strong</b> (hell. and late), with <b class="b3">δυνάμωσις</b>, <b class="b3">δυναμωτικός</b>, <b class="b3">δύνασις</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pi.). <b class="b3">δυνάστης</b> m. [[lord]], [[master]] (ion.-att.) with <b class="b3">δυναστικός</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">δυναστεύω</b> (Ion.-Att.), with <b class="b3">δυναστεία</b>, <b class="b3">δυνάστευμα</b>, <b class="b3">δυναστευτικός</b>; f. <b class="b3">δυνάστις</b> (Demetr. Eloc.), <b class="b3">δυνάστειρα</b> (Tab. Defix. Aud. IIIp). <b class="b3">δυνάστωρ</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (E. IA 280 [lyr.]). Verbal adj. <b class="b3">δυνατός</b> <b class="b2">potens, able; possible</b> (Sapph.,) with <b class="b3">δυνατέω</b> <b class="b2">be strong</b> (2 Ep. Kor. 13, 3); <b class="b3">δυνητικός</b> [[potential]] (A. D.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Prob. <b class="b3">δύ-ν-αμαι</b>, a present with nasal infix, which was generalized: <b class="b3">δυ-ν-ά-σθην</b> for <b class="b3">*δυά-σθην</b> (cf. <b class="b3">λίναμαι</b> : <b class="b3">λιάσθην</b>), <b class="b3">δυ-ν-ήσομαι</b> for <b class="b3">*δυή-σομαι</b> etc., and in nouns <b class="b3">δύναμις</b> etc. An inorganic <b class="b3">-σ-</b> in: <b class="b3">δυνά-σ-θην</b>, <b class="b3">δυνά-σ-της</b>. The disyllabic root <b class="b3">δϜα-</b> formally agrees with that of <b class="b3">δ(Ϝ)ά-ν</b>, <b class="b3">δ(Ϝ)α-ρός</b> (s. [[δήν]], [[δηρός]]), but semantically a connection is difficult. - Cret. <b class="b3">νύναμαι</b> (Gortyn) must be the same word. It may be due simply to assimilation. Hell. <b class="b3">δύνομαι</b> is a thematic re-formation. - Details in Schwyzer 495 n. 5, 693 w. n. 5, 762; cf Frisk Eranos 43, 223 w. n. 3. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=[decl. in pres. and imperf. like [[ἵσταμαι]]<br />Dep.<br /><b class="num">I.</b> to be [[able]], [[capable]], [[strong]] [[enough]] to do, c. inf., Hom., etc.; but the inf. is often omitted, [[Ζεὺς]] δύναται ἅπαντα [sc. ποιεῖν] Od.; so also, [[μέγα]] δυνάμενος [[very]] [[powerful]], [[mighty]], Od.; οἱ δυνάμενοι men of [[power]], Eur., Thuc.; δυνάμενος [[παρά]] τινι having [[influence]] with him, Hdt., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to be [[able]], i. e. to [[dare]] or [[bear]] to do a [[thing]], οὐδὲ ποιήσειν δύναται Od.; [[οὐκέτι]] ἐδύνατο βιοτεύειν Thuc.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> with ὡς and a Sup., ὡς ἐδύναντο ἀδηλότατα as [[secretly]] as they could, Thuc.; ὡς [[δύναμαι]] [[μάλιστα]] as [[much]] as I [[possibly]] can, Plat.; or [[simply]] ὡς ἐδύνατο in the [[best]] way he could, Xen.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to [[pass]] for, i. e.<br /><b class="num">1.</b> of [[money]], to be [[worth]] so [[much]], c. acc., ὁ [[σίγλος]] δύναται ἑπτὰ ὀβολούς the shekel is [[worth]] [[seven]] obols, Xen.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of [[number]], to be equivalent to, τριηκόσιαι γενεαὶ [[δυνέαται]] μύρια ἔτεα Hdt.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> of words, to [[signify]], [[mean]], Lat. valere, Hdt., etc.; [[ἴσον]] δύναται, Lat. [[idem]] valet, Hdt.; τὴν αὐτὴν δύνασθαι δουλείαν to [[mean]] the [[same]] [[slavery]], Thuc.:—also to [[avail]], οὐδένα καιρὸν δύναται avails to no [[good]] [[purpose]], Eur.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> impers., οὐ δύναται, c. inf., it cannot be, is not to be, Hdt. | |||
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