ἔτος: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=2.<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[year]] (Il.);<br />Other forms: dial. <b class="b3">Ϝέτος</b>.<br />Dialectal forms: Myk. <b class="b2">we-to</b> (acc.), <b class="b2">we-te-i</b> (dat.)<br />Compounds: Oft as 2. member, e. g. <b class="b3">τρι-ετής</b> (<b class="b3">τρι-έτης</b>) <b class="b2">three-year old</b> (Ion.-Att.) with <b class="b3">τριετία</b> <b class="b2">space of three years</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">τριετίζω</b> <b class="b2">be three years old</b> (LXX); also <b class="b3">τρι-έτ-ηρος</b> <b class="b2">three years old</b> (Call.) with <b class="b3">-ηρίς</b> f. <b class="b2">every third year (incluve)</b>, i. e. <b class="b2">all two years returning</b> (<b class="b3">ἑορτη</b>; Pi., Ion.-Att.; after the nouns in <b class="b3">-ηρός</b>, <b class="b3">-ηρίς</b>; Schwyzer 482, Chantraine Formation 346); from it <b class="b3">τριετηρικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to a τριετηρίς</b> (late).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἔτειος</b> <b class="b2">jearly, lasting the whole year, one year long</b> (Pi., A.); through hypostasis <b class="b3">ἐπέτειος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ion.-Att., of <b class="b3">ἐπ</b>' <b class="b3">ἔτος</b>; cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 473); <b class="b3">ἐτήσιος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Att.; after the adj. in <b class="b3">-τήσιος</b>; Schwyzer 466, Chantraine 42) with <b class="b3">ἐτησίαι</b> m. pl. <b class="b2">wind of the year</b> (Ion.-Att., Arist.); also <b class="b3">ἐπετήσιος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (η 118, Th.); [[ἐπηετανός]], s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1175] <b class="b2">u̯etos</b> [[year]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[year]], preserved in several languages. An exact agreement in Alb. [[vit]], pl. (also sg.) [[vjet]] [[year]], from IE <b class="b2">*u̯etes-</b> (Mann Lang. 26, 383). As 2. member the neutral <b class="b2">s-</b>stem is preserved in zero grade in Skt. <b class="b2">tri-vats-á-</b> <b class="b2">of three years</b>; the full grade is supposed in Messap. [[atavetes]] (= <b class="b3">αὑτό-ετες</b>, <b class="b2">in the same year</b>?; Schwyzer 513 n. 3) and in Hitt. <b class="b2">ša-u̯itiš-t-</b> [[nurseling]] (prop. <b class="b2">t-</b>abstract *"of the same year"?; s. Kronasser Vgl. Laut- und Formenlehre 53 and 130). Beside it Hitt. has a consonant-stem <b class="b2">u̯itt-</b> (= <b class="b2">u̯et-</b>) [[year]], s. Kronasser 126 A. 20. A rebuilding into an <b class="b2">a-</b>stem perhaps in Hier.-Hitt. <b class="b2">usa-</b>, Luw. <b class="b2">ušša-</b> [[year]] (< IE <b class="b2">*u̯et-o-</b>?) ; Kronasser <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 201. A semantic problem gives Lat. [[vetus]] [[old]], formally = <b class="b3">Ϝέτος</b>; for the explanation s. W.-Hofmann s. [[vetus]], and Benveniste Rev. de phil. 74, 124ff. - Old enlargements of the <b class="b2">s-</b>stem are found in words for (one-year old) animals: Skt. <b class="b2">vats-á-</b> [[calf]], Alb. <b class="b2">vic̣</b> [[calf]] (IE <b class="b2">*u̯etes-o-</b>), Celt., e. g. Ir. [[feis]] [[swine]] (< <b class="b2">*u̯ets-i-</b>). - On itself stands a Balto-Slavic word for [[old]], Lith. <b class="b2">vẽtušas</b>, OCS [[vetъchъ]], IE <b class="b2">*u̯etus-o-</b> (here also Lat. [[vetus]]?); cf. Ernout-Meillet s. v. (where the Balto-Slavic adjectiv on insufficient grounds is separated from the word for [[year]]). - A new name for year in Greek is [[ἐνιαυτός]], s. v. S. also [[ἔταλον]], [[νέωτα]], <b class="b3">οἰετέας</b>, <b class="b3">πέρυσι</b>, [[σῆτες]]. Further s. W.-Hofmann s. [[vetus]].

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