ἕσπερος: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[evening]] (Od.), adj. <b class="b2">of the evening, western</b>, also substant. <b class="b2">evening-star</b> (Il.); <b class="b3">ἑσπέρα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ρη</b> f. [[evening]], [[west]] (Pi., Ion.-Att., like <b class="b3">ἡμέρα</b>).<br />Compounds: As 2. member in <b class="b3">ἐφέσπερος</b> [[western]] (S. OC 1059 [lyr.]), <b class="b3">ἀκρ-έσπερος</b> <b class="b2">on the edge of evening, at nightfall</b> (Arist., Theoc., Hp. etc., <b class="b3">-ιος</b> AP), <b class="b3">ποθ-έσπερα</b> adv. (Theoc.), <b class="b3">προσ-εσπέριος</b> (Arist.)<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἑσπέριος</b> <b class="b2">of the evening, westerrn</b> (Φ 560), subst. <b class="b3">Ἐσπερία</b> [[West]], [[Hesperia]] (Agathyll. ap. D. H. 1, 49), <b class="b3">Ϝεσπάριοι</b> name of the western Locrians (Va), f. <b class="b3">ἑσπερίς</b>, esp. in plur. as PN <b class="b2">the Hesperides</b> (Hes.); later <b class="b3">ἑσπερινός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (X., LXX, Schwyzer 490); <b class="b3">ἑσπερικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Juba), <b class="b3">ἑσπερίτης</b>, <b class="b3">-ῖτις</b> (<b class="b3">χώρα</b>; D. L.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 112). - Denomin. verb <b class="b3">ἑσπερίζω</b> <b class="b2">pass the night</b> (Doroth.; NGr. <b class="b3">σπερίζω</b>, cf. Kretschmer Glotta 11, 247) with <b class="b3">ἑσπέρισμα</b> (Lex. ap. Ath. 1, 11 d).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1173] <b class="b2">*u̯e-kʷsp-er-os</b> <b class="b2">to(wards) the night, evening</b><br />Etymology: Inherited word, identical with Lat. [[vesper]], <b class="b2">-ī</b> [[evening]]; further to Lith. <b class="b2">vãkaras</b>, OCS [[večerъ]] [[evening]], which go back to <b class="b2">*u̯ekeros</b>, and in Celtic, e. g. Welsh [[ucher]], and Arm. [[gišer]]. See e.g. W.-Hofmann [[s]]. [[vesper]]. - This difficult puzzle has recently been solved. Armenian had <b class="b2">*e</b> which became [[ei]] > [[i]] before [[š]], <b class="b2">ž</b>. The [[š]] can go back to <b class="b2">-k(ʷ)s-</b> (cf. <b class="b2">vec`</b> < <b class="b2">*u̯eks</b> beside <b class="b2">veš-tasan</b>); s. Beekes, FS Rasmussen 2004, 59-62. Combined with the <b class="b2">-k-</b> and <b class="b2">-sp-</b> reconstructed for the other languages (above), this gives a group <b class="b2">-k(ʷ)sp-</b>. This group has been identified with Skt. <b class="b2">kṣap-</b> [[night]], of which the zero grade has been found in Hitt. <b class="b2">i-spant-</b> [[night]]. Welsh [[ucher]] can continue <b class="b2">*u̯e</b> followed by <b class="b2">ks(p)</b> or [[sp]]. The first element is probably cognate with Lat. <b class="b2">ue-</b> as in <b class="b2">ue-sanus</b>. The meaning will have been <b class="b2">(what stretches) to(wards) the night</b>. For the <b class="b2">-er-</b> cf. words connected with time like Gr. <b class="b3">νυκτερός</b>.

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