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ἔσχατος: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">the uttermost, last</b> (Il.).<br />Compounds: Rarely in compp. like <b class="b3">ἐσχατό-γηρως</b> (<b class="b3">-ος</b>) <b class="b2">in the last age</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">παρ-έσχατος</b> <b class="b2">the last but one</b> (Ph.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἐσχατιά</b>, <b class="b3">-ιή</b> <b class="b2">uttermost part, frontier, extreme position</b> (Ion.Hes., Att.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 81f. (Tenos; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 9); poet. enlargement <b class="b3">ἐσχάτιος</b> (Nic.). Denomin. verbs. <b class="b3">ἐσχατάω</b> <b class="b2">be the uttermost, the last</b>, only in ptc. <b class="b3">ἐσχατάων</b>, <b class="b3">-όων</b> (Il.; cf. Shipp Studies 62). <b class="b3">ἐσχατεύω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arist.). <b class="b3">ἐσχατίζω</b> <b class="b2">come too late</b> (LXX).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] <b class="b2">*h₁eǵʰs</b> [[out]]<br />Etymology: Adjectival deriv. of <b class="b3">ἐξ</b>, but in detail unclear. The opposite <b class="b3">ἔγ-κατα</b>, to <b class="b3">ἐν</b>, presupposes a formation <b class="b3">*ἔξ-κατος</b>; the tenuis aspirata <b class="b3">χ</b> then requires as protoform <b class="b3">*ἔχσ-κατος</b>, what seems to give for <b class="b3">ἐξ</b> an IE basis <b class="b2">*eǵʰs</b>; but note in older alphabets the notation <b class="b3">χσ</b> = <b class="b3">ξ</b> (Schwyzer 210), which suggests aspiration of a velar before <b class="b3">σ</b>. - The suffix <b class="b3">-κατος</b> would have a velar element (cf. <b class="b3">πρό-κα</b>, Lat. <b class="b2">reci-pro-cus</b>; <b class="b3">*ἐχσ-κο-</b> <b class="b2">what is outside</b>) and a dental (<b class="b3">μέσ(σ)-ατος</b>, <b class="b3">τρίτ-ατος</b> a. o.). Wackernagel KZ 33, 40f. = Kl. Schr. 1, 719f., Leumann Hom. Wörter 158 n. 1. On the phonetics also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73 : 2, 29ff. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">the uttermost, last</b> (Il.).<br />Compounds: Rarely in compp. like <b class="b3">ἐσχατό-γηρως</b> (<b class="b3">-ος</b>) <b class="b2">in the last age</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">παρ-έσχατος</b> <b class="b2">the last but one</b> (Ph.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἐσχατιά</b>, <b class="b3">-ιή</b> <b class="b2">uttermost part, frontier, extreme position</b> (Ion.Hes., Att.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 81f. (Tenos; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 9); poet. enlargement <b class="b3">ἐσχάτιος</b> (Nic.). Denomin. verbs. <b class="b3">ἐσχατάω</b> <b class="b2">be the uttermost, the last</b>, only in ptc. <b class="b3">ἐσχατάων</b>, <b class="b3">-όων</b> (Il.; cf. Shipp Studies 62). <b class="b3">ἐσχατεύω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arist.). <b class="b3">ἐσχατίζω</b> <b class="b2">come too late</b> (LXX).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] <b class="b2">*h₁eǵʰs</b> [[out]]<br />Etymology: Adjectival deriv. of <b class="b3">ἐξ</b>, but in detail unclear. The opposite <b class="b3">ἔγ-κατα</b>, to <b class="b3">ἐν</b>, presupposes a formation <b class="b3">*ἔξ-κατος</b>; the tenuis aspirata <b class="b3">χ</b> then requires as protoform <b class="b3">*ἔχσ-κατος</b>, what seems to give for <b class="b3">ἐξ</b> an IE basis <b class="b2">*eǵʰs</b>; but note in older alphabets the notation <b class="b3">χσ</b> = <b class="b3">ξ</b> (Schwyzer 210), which suggests aspiration of a velar before <b class="b3">σ</b>. - The suffix <b class="b3">-κατος</b> would have a velar element (cf. <b class="b3">πρό-κα</b>, Lat. <b class="b2">reci-pro-cus</b>; <b class="b3">*ἐχσ-κο-</b> <b class="b2">what is outside</b>) and a dental (<b class="b3">μέσ(σ)-ατος</b>, <b class="b3">τρίτ-ατος</b> a. o.). Wackernagel KZ 33, 40f. = Kl. Schr. 1, 719f., Leumann Hom. Wörter 158 n. 1. On the phonetics also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73 : 2, 29ff. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=ἔσχᾰτος, η, ον [prob. from ἐκ, ἐξ, as if ἔξατος,]<br />[[outermost]]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of Space, as [[always]] in Hom. the [[furthest]], [[uttermost]], [[extreme]], Hom., Hdt., [[attic]]; ἔσχατοι ἄλλων, of the Thracians who were the [[last]] in the [[Trojan]] lines, Il.; ἔσχατοι [[ἀνδρῶν]], of the Aethiopians, Od.: ἔσχατα, τά, extremities, ἐσχ. γαίης Hes.; τὰ ἔσχ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου Thuc.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> the [[furthest]] in [[each]] [[direction]].<br /><b class="num">2.</b> the [[uppermost]], Soph.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> lowest, deepest, Lat. [[imus]], ἀΐδας Theocr.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> innermost, Lat. [[intimus]], Soph.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> the [[last]], hindmost, Soph.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> of Degree, the [[uttermost]], [[utmost]], [[last]], [[worst]], [[πόνος]], [[κίνδυνος]] Plat.:—as Subst., τὸ ἔσχατον, τὰ ἔσχατα, the [[utmost]], Hdt.; of [[suffering]], [[pain]], etc., Hdt., [[attic]]; ἐπ' ἔσχατα βαίνεις Soph.; ἔσχατ' ἐσχάτων κακά [[worst]] of [[possible]] evils, Soph.; so in Sup., τὰ πάντων ἐσχατώτατα the extremest of all, Xen.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> of [[Time]], [[last]], ἐς τὸ ἔσχ. to the end, Hdt., Thuc.; ἐσχάτας [[ὑπὲρ]] ῥίζας [[over]] the [[last]] [[scion]] of the [[race]], Soph.: —neut. ἔσχατον as adv., for the [[last]] [[time]], Soph.<br /><b class="num">V.</b> adv. -τως, to the [[uttermost]], [[exceedingly]], Xen.:—so, ἐς τὸ ἔσχ. Hdt., Xen. | |||
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