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θεός: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: m. f.<br />Meaning: [[god]], [[goddess]] (Il.);<br />Compounds: myk. <b class="b2">te-o</b>. Very often in compp., e. g. <b class="b3">ἄ-θεος</b>, <b class="b3">θεο-ειδής</b>; <b class="b3">θεόσ-δοτος</b> after <b class="b3">Διόσ-δοτος</b>; on the form <b class="b3">θεσ-</b> s. [[θέσκελος]], <b class="b3">θέσπις</b>. On <b class="b3">θεσ-</b> as magnifying prefix in MoGr. Georgakas <b class="b3">Ἀθ</b>. 46, 97ff.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">θεά</b> f. [[goddess]] (ep.; details in Lommel Femininbildungen 13f., also Wackernagel Syntax 2, 25; on <b class="b3">θεά</b> and fem. <b class="b3">θεός</b> in Hom. s. Humbach Münch. Stud. zur Sprachwiss. 7, 46ff.). 2. <b class="b3">θέαιναι</b> pl. [[goddesses]] (after <b class="b3">τέκταιναι</b> a. o.; in Hom. as metr. filling; not with Chantraine REGr. 47, 287 n. 1 archaic form; further Schwyzer 475 w. n. 7). 3. <b class="b3">θεῖος</b> [[divine]] (Il.; cf. below) with <b class="b3">θειώδως</b> adv. (pap.), <b class="b3">θειότης</b> [[godliness]] (LXX, NT, Plu.), <b class="b3">θειάζω</b> <b class="b2">prophesy, honour as god</b> (Th.), also with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἐπι-θειάζω</b> <b class="b2">swear in the name of the gods</b> with (<b class="b3">ἐπι-)θειασμός</b> (Th.) 4. <b class="b3">θεϊκός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (late). 5. Denomin. verb <b class="b3">θεόω</b>, <b class="b3">-όομαι</b> <b class="b2">make to a god, become a god</b> (Call.), mostly with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-θεόω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (pap., Plb., Plu.) with <b class="b3">ἀποθέωσις</b> (Str.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [259] <b class="b2">*dʰ(e)h₁s-</b> [[god]]<br />Etymology: The connection with Arm. <b class="b2">di-k</b> pl. [[gods]] (Bartholomae BB 17, 348) seems probable; further to Lat. [[fēriae]] <b class="b2">festive days</b>, [[fēstus]] <b class="b2">feastly, fānum temple</b>, s. W.-Hofmann s. vv.; to Skt. <b class="b2">dhíṣṇiya-</b> Mayrhofer KEWA s. <b class="b2">dhiṣáṇā</b>. Arm. <b class="b2">di-k</b> would come from IE <b class="b2">*dhēs-es</b>, and <b class="b3">θεός</b> could be <b class="b2">*dhes-ós</b>; cf. <b class="b3">θέσ-κελος</b>; <b class="b3">θεῖος</b> then from <b class="b3">*θέσ-ι̯ος</b> (Schwyzer 467). The [[ē]] : [[e]] go back on <b class="b2">*dheh₁s-</b>: <b class="b2">*dhh₁s-</b>; this explains also the Latin forms, e.g. [[fanum]] < <b class="b2">*fasnom</b> < <b class="b2">*dʰh₁s-nom</b>; thus Rix, Kratylos XIV (1969) [1972] 179f. - The etymology as <b class="b3">*θϜεσ-ός</b> with Lith. <b class="b2">dvasià</b> [[spirit]], MHG [[getwās]] [[ghost]] (s. on <b class="b3">θεῖον</b>) can be abandoned; there is no trace of the F in Greek and it is impossible in the Armenian word. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: m. f.<br />Meaning: [[god]], [[goddess]] (Il.);<br />Compounds: myk. <b class="b2">te-o</b>. Very often in compp., e. g. <b class="b3">ἄ-θεος</b>, <b class="b3">θεο-ειδής</b>; <b class="b3">θεόσ-δοτος</b> after <b class="b3">Διόσ-δοτος</b>; on the form <b class="b3">θεσ-</b> s. [[θέσκελος]], <b class="b3">θέσπις</b>. On <b class="b3">θεσ-</b> as magnifying prefix in MoGr. Georgakas <b class="b3">Ἀθ</b>. 46, 97ff.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">θεά</b> f. [[goddess]] (ep.; details in Lommel Femininbildungen 13f., also Wackernagel Syntax 2, 25; on <b class="b3">θεά</b> and fem. <b class="b3">θεός</b> in Hom. s. Humbach Münch. Stud. zur Sprachwiss. 7, 46ff.). 2. <b class="b3">θέαιναι</b> pl. [[goddesses]] (after <b class="b3">τέκταιναι</b> a. o.; in Hom. as metr. filling; not with Chantraine REGr. 47, 287 n. 1 archaic form; further Schwyzer 475 w. n. 7). 3. <b class="b3">θεῖος</b> [[divine]] (Il.; cf. below) with <b class="b3">θειώδως</b> adv. (pap.), <b class="b3">θειότης</b> [[godliness]] (LXX, NT, Plu.), <b class="b3">θειάζω</b> <b class="b2">prophesy, honour as god</b> (Th.), also with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἐπι-θειάζω</b> <b class="b2">swear in the name of the gods</b> with (<b class="b3">ἐπι-)θειασμός</b> (Th.) 4. <b class="b3">θεϊκός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (late). 5. Denomin. verb <b class="b3">θεόω</b>, <b class="b3">-όομαι</b> <b class="b2">make to a god, become a god</b> (Call.), mostly with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-θεόω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (pap., Plb., Plu.) with <b class="b3">ἀποθέωσις</b> (Str.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [259] <b class="b2">*dʰ(e)h₁s-</b> [[god]]<br />Etymology: The connection with Arm. <b class="b2">di-k</b> pl. [[gods]] (Bartholomae BB 17, 348) seems probable; further to Lat. [[fēriae]] <b class="b2">festive days</b>, [[fēstus]] <b class="b2">feastly, fānum temple</b>, s. W.-Hofmann s. vv.; to Skt. <b class="b2">dhíṣṇiya-</b> Mayrhofer KEWA s. <b class="b2">dhiṣáṇā</b>. Arm. <b class="b2">di-k</b> would come from IE <b class="b2">*dhēs-es</b>, and <b class="b3">θεός</b> could be <b class="b2">*dhes-ós</b>; cf. <b class="b3">θέσ-κελος</b>; <b class="b3">θεῖος</b> then from <b class="b3">*θέσ-ι̯ος</b> (Schwyzer 467). The [[ē]] : [[e]] go back on <b class="b2">*dheh₁s-</b>: <b class="b2">*dhh₁s-</b>; this explains also the Latin forms, e.g. [[fanum]] < <b class="b2">*fasnom</b> < <b class="b2">*dʰh₁s-nom</b>; thus Rix, Kratylos XIV (1969) [1972] 179f. - The etymology as <b class="b3">*θϜεσ-ός</b> with Lith. <b class="b2">dvasià</b> [[spirit]], MHG [[getwās]] [[ghost]] (s. on <b class="b3">θεῖον</b>) can be abandoned; there is no trace of the F in Greek and it is impossible in the Armenian word. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=![[θεός]], ὁ,<br /><b class="num">I.</b> God, Hom., [[both]] in [[general]] [[sense]], Θεὸς δώσει God [[will]] [[grant]], and in [[particular]] [[sense]], [[θεός]] τις a god; πατὴρ [[ἀνδρῶν]] τε [[θεῶν]] τε Hom.:—things are said to [[happen]] σὺν θεῷ, σύν γε θεοῖσιν by the [[will]] of God, Hom., etc.; οὐκ [[ἄνευ]] θεοῦ, Lat. non [[sine]] diis, Od.; οὐκ [[ἄνευθε]] θεοῦ Il.; οὐ [[θεῶν]] [[ἄτερ]] Pind.;— ἐκ θεόφι Il.;— [[ὑπὲρ]] θεόν [[against]] his [[will]], Il.;— κατὰ θεόν τινα, Lat. [[divinitus]], Eur.:—as an [[oath]], πρὸς [[θεῶν]] by the gods, in God's [[name]], Trag.; θεὸς [[ἴστω]] Soph., etc.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[θεός]] as fem. for θεά, [[θέαινα]], a [[goddess]], Hom.; θήλεια [[θεός]] Il.; ἡ νερτέρα θ. [[Proserpine]], Soph.; often in oaths, νὴ τὼ θεώ Soph.; ναὶ τὼ σιώ, with the Spartans, of [[Castor]] and [[Pollux]], Xen.; with the Boeotians, of [[Amphion]] and [[Zethus]], Xen.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> as adj. in comp. [[θεώτερος]], [[more]] [[divine]], θύραι θ. doors [[more]] used by the gods, Od. | |||
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