θύω: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=1.<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">rush in, sethe, storm, rage</b> (Il.)<br />Other forms: also <b class="b3">θυίω</b> (Hom., h. Merc. 560; cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 51 and 372), <b class="b3">θύνω</b> (Il.), ipf. also <b class="b3">ε᾽θύνεον</b> (Hes.), aor. <b class="b3">ἔθυσα</b> (Call. Fr. 82),<br />Compounds: rarely with prefix, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπερ-</b>,<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">θυ(ι)άς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. "the storming one", [[thyiade]], [[Bacchante]] (A., Tim.), also <b class="b3">θυῖα</b> f. (Str. 10, 3, 10 [and S. Ant. 1151, lyr.?]; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 95); <b class="b3">Θυῖα</b> n. name of a Dionysos-feast in Elis (Paus. 6, 26, 1), <b class="b3">Θυιος</b> name of a Thessal. and Boeotian month (inscr.); <b class="b3">Θυώνη</b> surn. of Semele (h. Hom., Sapph., Pi.); also <b class="b3">θύστα θυῖα</b> and <b class="b3">θυστάδες νύμφαι τινές</b>, <b class="b3">αἱ ἔνθεοι</b>, <b class="b3">καὶ Βάκχαι</b> H.; <b class="b3">Θυστήριος</b> surn. of Bakchos (EM); <b class="b3">θῦνος πόλεμος</b>, <b class="b3">ὁρμή</b>, <b class="b3">δρόμος</b> H. (from <b class="b3">θύνω</b>; not = Skt. ptc. <b class="b2">dhūna-</b>); <b class="b3">θῦσις</b> (Pl. Kra. 419e as explanation of <b class="b3">θυμός</b>). Deverbat.: <b class="b3">θυάω</b> <b class="b2">be rutty, of swines</b> (Arist.; after <b class="b3">βακχάω</b>, <b class="b3">μαργάω</b> a. o.; s. Schwyzer 726 n. 2). Unclear <b class="b3">θυωθείς μανείς</b>, <b class="b3">ὁρμήσας</b> H. - On [[θύελλα]] and [[θύσθλα]] s. v. Here also <b class="b3">θυάκται</b> m. pl. (Troizen IIa), if = <b class="b2">mystae sive thiasotae</b>; cf Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 174; DELG refers this to <b class="b3">θύω 2.</b><br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: <b class="b3">θύνω</b> has been analysed as <b class="b3">*θύ-νϜ-ω</b> (with <b class="b3">ἐθύνεον</b> < <b class="b3">*ἐ-θύ-νεϜ-ον</b>), an old <b class="b3">νυ-</b>present and identified with Skt. <b class="b2">dhū-nó-ti</b> [[schütteln]] (Schwyzer 696 a. n. 2). But I don't see what <b class="b2">schütteln</b> has to do with our verb. - For <b class="b3">θυστάδες</b>, <b class="b3">θύσθλα</b> one posited a stem <b class="b3">θυσ-</b>, which has also been posited for <b class="b3">θυίω</b>, if from <b class="b3">*θύσ-ι̯ω</b> (Schulze Q. 313 n. 5, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 37; diff. J. Schmidt KZ 27, 294f.; s. also Schwyzer 686 ε). It is however not certain that this supposed <b class="b3">*θυσ-</b> has anything to do with our verb. This <b class="b3">*θυσ-</b> has been connected with Lat. <b class="b2">fur-ō</b>, <b class="b2">-ere</b>, s. W.-Hofmann s. v., where also other interpretations are given; we can therefore better leave [[furo]] on itself. See also 2. <b class="b3">θύω</b>. - The hesitation between <b class="b3">θύω</b> 1 and <b class="b3">θύω</b> 2 shows how uncertain the interpretation is. I wonder whether <b class="b3">*θυσ-</b> is not of foreign origin. Note rare forms or meanings as <b class="b3">θύστα</b>, <b class="b3">θυτάδες</b>, <b class="b3">θυάω</b>. Pok. 261ff. gives anenormous amount of forms and meanings, but no close parallel for the meaning of <b class="b3">θύω</b> 1. In the present situation, without further research, nothing can be said.<br />2.<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">offer by burning, sacrifice, slaughter</b> (Il.); in LSJ <b class="b3">θύω Α</b>.<br />Other forms: fut. <b class="b3">θύσω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">θῦσαι</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">τυθῆναι</b> (Hdt.), perf. <b class="b3">τέθυκα</b>, <b class="b3">τέθυμαι</b> (Att.),<br />Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>,<br />Derivatives: Derivations partly show the older meaning [[smoke]], [[incense]] (s. below) : 1. <b class="b3">θῦμα</b> [[offer]] (IA etc.); 2. <b class="b3">ἔκ-</b>, <b class="b3">πρό-θυσις</b> from <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-θύω</b> (late); 3. <b class="b3">θυσία</b> s. below on <b class="b3">θύτης</b>; 4. [[θύος]] n. with [[θυέστης]] a. o. [[incense]], s. v.; 5. <b class="b3">θύον</b> <b class="b2">life-tree</b>, s. v.; 6. <b class="b3">θυητά</b> n. pl. [[incense]] (Aret.; on the formation cf. <b class="b3">θυηλη</b> s.v.); 7. <b class="b3">θυ(ε)ία</b> f. <b class="b2">strong smelling ceder, thuya</b> with <b class="b3">θυῖον</b> n. [[resin]] (Thphr.); formation unclear; to <b class="b3">θύος</b> (s. v.)? 8. <b class="b3">θύτης</b> m. [[offerer]] (hell.; <b class="b3">ἐκ-θύτης</b> from <b class="b3">ἐκ-θύω</b> E.); <b class="b3">θύτας</b> (Thess.), with <b class="b3">θυτεῖον</b> [[offerplace]] (Aeschin.), <b class="b3">θυτικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to an offer</b> (hell., directly from <b class="b3">θύω</b>), <b class="b3">θυσία</b> [[offer]], [[offerfeast]] (h. Cer.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 224, Porzig Satzinhalte 200); from there <b class="b3">θυσιάζω</b> [[offer]] with <b class="b3">θυσίασμα</b>, <b class="b3">-αστήριος</b>, <b class="b3">-ον</b>; 9. <b class="b3">θυτήρ</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (trag.) with <b class="b3">θυτήριον</b> <b class="b2">sacrificial animal</b> (E.), also [[altar]], name of the constellation [[Ara]] (Arat.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 192); 10. <b class="b3">θύστας ὁ ἱερεὺς παρὰ Κρησί</b> H., f. <b class="b3">θυστάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the sacrifice</b> (A., S.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 182; 2, 37, E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 85); 11. <b class="b3">θύστρα</b> n. = <b class="b3">θύματα</b> (Kos); 12. <b class="b3">θυ</b><<b class="b3">σ</b>><b class="b3">τηρίοις θυμιατηρίοις</b> H.; 13. <b class="b3">θυσμικός</b> <b class="b2">regarding the sacrifice</b> (<b class="b3">ἔτος</b>; Paros, Tenos); the <b class="b3">-σ-</b> in the last words hardly with Schulze Q. 320 n. 1 and Fraenkel l. c. from the <b class="b3">σ-</b>stem in <b class="b3">θύος</b>, but rather with Solmsen KZ 29, 114 analogical [to what?] (cf. <b class="b3">μύστης</b> a. o.). - With <b class="b3">λ-</b>, resp. <b class="b3">μ-</b>suffix in <b class="b3">θυηλη</b>, <b class="b3">θυμός</b>, [[θύμον]], [not in <b class="b3">θυμάλωψ</b>], s. vv.; with <b class="b3">μελ-</b>suffix (Frisk Eranos 41, 51) <b class="b3">θυμέλη</b> [[hearth]], [[altar]] (trag.; not with Aly Glotta 5, 60ff. prop. "practice-ground" from 1. <b class="b3">θύω</b> [[storm]]) with <b class="b3">θυμελικός</b>.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: The regular stemformation of <b class="b3">θύω</b> will be the resultof inner-Greek adjustment. The original paradigma can no longer be reconstructed. As the nearest parallel is given Lat. <b class="b2">suf-fiō</b>, <b class="b2">-īre</b> [[incense]], explained from <b class="b2">*-dhu̯-ii̯ō</b>, which is of course very far away. - It is often supposed that 1. <b class="b3">θύω</b> and 2. <b class="b3">θύω</b> were originally identical, but this is far from clear; one assumes a development like <b class="b2">stieben, stäuben, wirbeln, stürmen, rauchen</b> v. t., but this can well be wrong . The different languages show a mass of formations and meanings which can no longer be interpreted, see Pok. 261-267, (268-271). - S. further <b class="b3">τύφω</b>. <b class="b3">θάνατος</b>, <b class="b3">θολός</b>, <b class="b3">ἀθύρω</b> have nothing to do with our verb.- P. Pagot, RPh LXXV (2001) 144 connects Hitt. [[tuhhae]] [[pant]], [[sigh]] from <b class="b2">*dʰ(e)uh₂-</b>, which is however very far as regards the meaning.

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