ἰός: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=1. Meaning: <b class="b2">one and the same</b><br />See also: s. [[ἴα]].<br />2.<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[arrow]] (Il.; Trümpy Fachausdrücke 67).<br />Other forms: pl. <b class="b3">ἰοί</b>, also <b class="b3">ἰά</b> (Υ 68; on the change of genus Schwyzer-Debrunner 37)<br />Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in <b class="b3">ἰο-δόκος</b> <b class="b2">receiving arrows</b> (<b class="b3">φαρέτρη</b> Hom.), <b class="b3">-η</b> f. [[quiver]] (A. R.); on <b class="b3">ἰο-χέαιρα</b> s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [301] <b class="b2">*isu-</b> [[arrow]]<br />Etymology: From <b class="b3">*ἰσϜ-ο-</b> and except for the thematic vowel (Schwyzer 472) identical with Skt. <b class="b2">íṣu-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">išu-</b> [[arrow]] (Curtius 402; further lit. in Bq). Meier-Brügger, MSS 49 (19880 75-77, takes <b class="b3">ι᾽ά</b> as ntr. pl. from <b class="b3">*ιhυ</b>, and <b class="b3">ἰός</b> as a sec. sg. derived from it.<br />3.<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[poison]] (Pi., trag., Plu.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in <b class="b3">ἰο-βόρος</b> <b class="b2">poison eating</b> (Nic., Opp.);<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἰώδης</b> [[poisonous]] (Rom. empire).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1134] <b class="b2">*uiso-</b> or <b class="b2">*uiso-</b>, <b class="b2">*uiHso-</b>? [[fluidity]], [[slime]], [[poison]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[poison]], often replaced by euphemistic expressions (<b class="b3">φάρμακον</b>, Lat. [[venēnum]], Germ. [[gift]], French [[poison]] etc.), but still present in the languages of the margin, i. e. Indo-Iranian and Italo-Celtic: Skt. <b class="b2">viṣá-</b> n., Av. <b class="b2">vīša-</b>, Lat. [[vīrus]] n. (genus sec.) = Irisch [[fī]], IE <b class="b2">*u̯īso-</b>; on the quantity cf. e. g. the cases in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 91. Beside these thematic forms there is Av. <b class="b2">viš-</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> and, with deviating meaning, Skt. <b class="b2">viṣ-</b> [[faeces]]. Thus Lat. [[vīrus]] also means <b class="b2">tough fluidity, slime, sap</b>; cf. also Welsh [[gwyar]] [[blood]] and 4. <b class="b3">ἰός</b>. As IE <b class="b2">*u̯īs(o</b>)- is prob. partly a tabuistic substitution, one considered connection with a verb, Skt. <b class="b2">veṣati</b> <b class="b2">flow out</b> (gramm.), with a Germ. river-name as [[Wisura]] [[Weser]], [[Vistula]] [[Weichsel]] (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 38ff.); however, these <b class="b2">Old European</b> river names of Krahe are in general pre-, i.e. non-IE. - Lit. bei Bq, WP. 1, 243f., W.-Hofmann s. [[vīrus]].<br />4.<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[rust]] on iron, [[verdigris]] on copper, bronze (Thgn., Hp., Pl., Theoc., SIG 284, 15 [Chios IVa]).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἰώδης</b> <b class="b2">rust-coloured</b> (Hp., Thphr.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Given the changing meaning of IE <b class="b2">*u̯īs(o</b>)- (s. on 3. <b class="b3">ἰός</b>) our word has been identified with it (Fick 23, 242). It could be due to different uses according to occupation; note, that <b class="b3">ἰός</b> [[rust]] as opposed to <b class="b3">ἰός</b> [[poison]] was used also in prose, what may point to a stilistic differentiation.

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