ῥάχις: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=-ιος<br />Grammatical information: f. (m.)<br />Meaning: [[spine]], [[back]], often metaph. <b class="b2">ridge etc.</b> (I 208).<br />Other forms: Att. <b class="b3">-εως</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ῥαχ-ίτης</b> m. <b class="b2">belonging to the spine</b> (Arist., medic.), <b class="b3">ἐπιρραχ-ίτιδες ἀρτηρίαι</b> (Hippiatr.; Redard 101 f.); 2. <b class="b3">ῥαχι-αῖος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (medic.); 3. <b class="b3">ῥαχ-ίζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b2">to crack, to chop up (the spine)</b> (trag.), also <b class="b2">to show off, to boast</b> (Din., H.) with <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> m. [[splitter]] (pap.), <b class="b2">show off, boaster</b> (Theopomp. Com.), <b class="b3">-ιστήρ ψεύστης</b>, <b class="b3">ἀλαζών</b> H. With transformation of the stem: 4. <b class="b3">ῥάχ-ετρον</b> = <b class="b3">ῥάχις</b> H., also des. of a certain part of it (Poll., Phot.; after <b class="b3">ἄγκιστρον</b>, <b class="b3">δέρτρον</b>, <b class="b3">ἦτρον</b>?; cf. also Fraenkel Glotta 4, 43, Schwyzer 532), with <b class="b3">-ετρίζω</b> = <b class="b3">ῥαχίζω</b> (Poll.); beside it <b class="b3">ῥάκ-ετρον</b> etc. (s. [[ῥάκος]]?). 5. <b class="b3">ῥαχάς χωρίον σύνδενδρον καὶ μετέωρον</b> H., Phot. (after <b class="b3">δειράς</b>, <b class="b3">σπιλάς</b> a.o.) with <b class="b3">ῥαχάδην ἐπὶ τῆς ῥάχεως</b> H. 6. Gen. sg. <b class="b3">τοῦ ῥαχα</b> from <b class="b3">ῥαχας</b> <b class="b2">id.?</b> (Halaesa; Rom. times). -- Beside it <b class="b3">ῥαχός</b> (<b class="b3">ῥᾶχος</b>; codd. also <b class="b3">ῥάχος</b>, prob. after <b class="b3">ῥάχις</b>), Ion. <b class="b3">ῥηχός</b> f. <b class="b2">briar, thorn hedge, (thorny) sprig</b> (Hdt., S., X., Thphr.), <b class="b3">ἐΰ-ρρηχος</b>, <b class="b3">ῥηχώδης</b> [[thorny]] (Nic.); denom. <b class="b3">ῥαχῶσαι</b> <b class="b2">to cover with sprigs</b> (Att., 307-6a). On the meaning [[briar]], [[spine]], [[back]] cf. e.g. <b class="b3">ἄκανθα</b>, Lat. [[spina]] a.o. -- Unclear <b class="b3">ῥάχνος</b> n. (pap. IV-VIp), approx. [[cloak]]?<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">ῥάχις</b> can be compared directly Lith. [[ražis]] [[stubble]] (beside which more usual <b class="b2">rãžas</b> <b class="b2">stubble, (fork)tooth, barren twig</b>), IE <b class="b2">*u̯raǵh-i-</b>; anl. <b class="b2">u̯-</b> is confirmed by <b class="b3">ὀρήχου</b> (<b class="b3">ὀ-</b> = <b class="b3">Ϝ-</b>) <b class="b3">τῆς αἱμασιᾶς</b> H. Beside it full-(lengthened)grade <b class="b2">*u̯rāǵh-</b> in <b class="b3">ῥαχός</b>, <b class="b3">ῥηχός</b>. Further analysis uncertain: it can be both verbal and nominal derivations, also enlargements of a root noun etc. Further connection with <b class="b3">ῥαχία</b>, <b class="b3">ῥάσσω</b> cannot be shown (rejected by Solmsen Wortforsch. 163n.1); orig. meaning [[stitch]], [[bump]]?? -- WP. 1, 318 (after Lidén Ein balt.-slav. Anlautges. 15), Pok. 1180. -- <b class="b3">Ϝραχ-</b> cannot be derived from an IE form; is the word Pre-Greek?

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