σπεῖρα: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">twist, for instance of a snake, of a network, spiral</b>, des. of everal wound or cicular objetcs, e.g. <b class="b2">rope, belt, bead, round base of a pillar</b> (Ion. poet., also hell. a. late prose; v.l. ζ 269); also as military term = Lat. [[manipulus]] (hell.; on the explanation [prop. [[bundle]]] Debrunner IF 48, 244), later = [[cohors]] (inscr. a. pap., Act. Ap. a.o.).<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σπειρο-κέφαλον</b> n. <b class="b2">base and capital of a column</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπό-σπειρον</b> n. "what lies under the round base", <b class="b2">square slab, πλίνθος</b> (inscr.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σπειρ-ίον</b> n. <b class="b2">little column base</b> (Hero); 2. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to a σ.</b> (Hero); 3. <b class="b3">-ίτης</b> (sc. <b class="b3">λίθος</b>) <b class="b2">stone for a column base</b> (inscr. Didyma; Redard 64 w. n. 26, with other interpretation); 4. <b class="b3">-αία</b> f. [[privet]] (Thphr.; from the form of the inflorescence); 5. <b class="b3">-ηδόν</b> <b class="b2">in convolutions, in a circle</b> (Opp., AP). 6. denom. verb <b class="b3">σπειρ-άομαι</b>, also w. <b class="b3">περι-</b> a. o., <b class="b2">to convolve</b> (hell. a. late), older <b class="b3">συ-σπειράομαι</b> <b class="b2">to wind, to pull together</b> (Pl., X., Arist. a. o.), also act. <b class="b3">συ-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-σπειράω</b> <b class="b2">to wind, to pull together</b> (hell. pap., D.S. a.o.); from this <b class="b3">σπείρ-αμα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ημα</b> n. <b class="b2">twist, for instance of a snake, band etc.</b> (A., Arist., Nic. a.o.; also enlarged from <b class="b3">σπεῖρα</b>? Chantraine Form. 184). 7. Also (<b class="b3">συ-</b>) <b class="b3">σπειρόομαι</b> <b class="b2">to wind (together)</b> (Hp., Thphr.), act. aor. <b class="b3">σπειρῶσαι</b> <b class="b2">to swathe</b> (Call.; from <b class="b3">σπεῖρον</b>?).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [991] <b class="b2">*sper-</b> [[turn]], [[wind]]<br />Etymology: Like <b class="b3">πεῖρα</b>, <b class="b3">στεῖρα</b>, <b class="b3">μοῖρα</b> feminine <b class="b3">ια-</b>derivation; whether first from a noun or verb, cannot be decided (cf. Schwyzer 474, Chantraine Form. 98 f.). Finally in any case from the same verb [[wind]], [[twine]], which is seen in <b class="b3">σπάρτον</b>, <b class="b3">σπεῖρον</b> and <b class="b3">σπάργανον</b>(?). The primary verb was replaced partly by the secondary <b class="b3">σπειράομαι</b>, <b class="b3">σπαργανόω</b>, partly by other verbs like <b class="b3">εἰλέω</b>, <b class="b3">εἰλύω</b>.

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