σῶμα: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">living or dead body</b> (Il.; in Hom. the meaning [[corpse]] is necessary or possible; cf. Herter Charites E. Langlotz gewidmet [Berlin 1957] 206ff. w. lit.), [[person]] (Att. etc.), [[slave]] (hell. a. late.; on development and spread of the meaning E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 80 f.); metaph. [[totality]] (A., Pl., Arist. etc.), <b class="b2">text of a document</b> (pap.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σωματο-φύλαξ</b> [[bodyguard]] (hell. a. late); univerbation <b class="b3">σωμ-ασκ-ία</b> f. <b class="b2">bodily exercise</b> (Pl., X. a.o.) from <b class="b3">σῶμα ἀσκέω</b>; to this as backformation <b class="b3">σω-μασκ-έω</b> <b class="b2">to do bodily exercise</b> (X., Plb. etc.); <b class="b3">τρι-σώματος</b> <b class="b2">three-bodied</b> (A., E.), late <b class="b3">τρί-σωμος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (An. Ox.); on the stemvariation s. Schwyzer 450.<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin. <b class="b3">σωμάτ-ιον</b> n. (Pl. Com., Arist. etc.; mostly depreciatory). 2. <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> n. <b class="b2">text of a document</b> (pap.). 3. <b class="b3">-εῖον</b> n. <b class="b2">corporate body, college</b> (Cod. Just.). 4. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[bodily]] (Arist. etc.), <b class="b3">-ινος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (gloss.), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[bodily]] (Arist. a.o.). 5. <b class="b3">-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> (<b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>) <b class="b2">to be embodied, to embody</b> (Arist., Thphr. a.o.) with <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. (Thphr. a.o.). 6. <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> (<b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>) <b class="b2">to edit a text</b> with <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> m. (pap.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: For [[body]] the IE languages have several expressions, of which only Lat. [[corpus]] a. cogn. (e.g. Skt. <b class="b2">kr̥p-</b>) has found a wide use and can claim a high date. A convincing connection for the Greek formation <b class="b3">σῶ-μα</b> has not been found. Formally resemble both <b class="b3">σω-λήν</b> and <b class="b3">σω-ρός</b>; if one connects the last, <b class="b3">σῶμα</b> must continue <b class="b2">*tu̯ō-mn̥</b> with a basic meaning [[compactness]], [[swelling]] (since Froehde BB 14, 108). Other proposals, all for diff. reasons doubtable or uncertain: from <b class="b3">*σῶπ-μα</b> to <b class="b3">σήπομαι</b>, <b class="b3">σαπρός</b> (Wackernagel KZ 30, 298f. = Kl. Schr. 1, 661 f.); to <b class="b3">ἐπί-σσωτρον</b> (Schwyzer 523; asking); from *[[[s]]]<b class="b2">ti̯ō-mn̥</b> "what becomes stiff" to Skt. <b class="b2">styā-</b> <b class="b2">flow, get stiff</b> (Thieme KZ 78, 114 A. 4); to <b class="b3">σίνομαι</b> (abl. [[sō]][[[i]]]-: <b class="b2">si-</b>) as <b class="b2">object of σίνεσθαι</b> (Koller Glotta 37, 276 ff.; agreeing Harrison The Phoenix 14, 64). -- Cf. [[σωρός]]; also W.-Hofmann s. [[tōmentum]].

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