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λαμβάνω: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[take]], [[grasp]] (see on <b class="b3">ἀγρέω</b>), (psothom.)<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">λαβεῖν</b> (Il.), redupl. midd. <b class="b3">λελα-βέσθαι</b> (δ 388), pass. <b class="b3">λαφθῆναι</b> (Ion.), <b class="b3">ληφθῆναι</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">λημφθῆναι</b> (hell.); fut. <b class="b3">λάψομαι</b> (Ion.), <b class="b3">λά[μ]ψεται</b> (Alc., Hamm Grammatik 145), <b class="b3">λαψῃ̃</b> 2. sg. (Dor.), <b class="b3">λήψομαι</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">λήμψομαι</b> (hell.); perf. <b class="b3">εἴληφα</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">εἴλαφα</b> (Dor.), <b class="b3">λελάβηκα</b> (Ion. Dor. Arc., also Att.), midd. <b class="b3">εἴλημμαι</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">λέλημμαι</b> (trag.), <b class="b3">λέλαμμαι</b>, <b class="b3">λελάφθαι</b> (Ion.),<br />Compounds: very often with prefix in diff. meanings, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Very many derivv., many technical words with specific meanings: A. From <b class="b3">λαβεῖν</b>: 1. <b class="b3">λαβή</b> <b class="b2">grip, point of application etc.</b>' (Alc. [<b class="b3">λάβα</b>], Ion. Att.), of the compp. e. g. <b class="b3">συλλαβή</b> `<b class="b2">grip, syllable etc.</b> (A., Att.); <b class="b3">λαβίς</b> f. `[[grip]], [[cramp]], [[tweezers]] (hell.) with <b class="b3">λαβίδιον</b> (Dsc., Gal.), <b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-λαβεύς</b> <b class="b2">handgrip of a shield, peg etc.</b> (H., medic.; cf. Boßhardt 81), <b class="b3">λάβιον</b> [[grip]] (Str.), <b class="b3">ἀπολάβειον</b> [[cramp]] (Ph. Bel.). 2. <b class="b3">-λάβος</b> in compp. as <b class="b3">ἐργο-λάβ-ος</b> m. [[untertaker]] with <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> (Att., hell.). 3. <b class="b3">-λαβής</b> e. g. <b class="b3">εὑ-λαβ-ής</b> (: <b class="b3">εὑ λαβεῖν</b>) [[careful]] with <b class="b3">-έομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-εια</b> (IA.; lit. s. <b class="b3">θρησκεύω</b>, also Kerényi Byz.-Neugr. Jbb. 8, 306ff.). 4. <b class="b3">ΛhαβΕτος</b> PN (Att. epigr.). - B. From full-grade forms (<b class="b3">λήψομαι</b>, <b class="b3">ληφθῆναι</b>): 1. <b class="b3">λῆμμα</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνά-</b> λαμβάνω etc.) `<b class="b2">taking in, accept</b> (Att. ). 2. <b class="b3">λῆψις</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνά-</b> λαμβάνω etc.), hell. <b class="b3">λῆμψις</b> <b class="b2">capture, apprehension, attack of a disease</b> (Hp., Att.), <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-λαμψις</b> = <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-ληψις</b> (Mytil., Kyme a. o.). 3. <b class="b3">-λη(μ)πτωρ</b>, e. g. <b class="b3">συλ-λήπ-τωρ</b> with <b class="b3">συλλήπτρ-ια</b> [[participant]], [[assistant]] (Att.). 4. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-ληπ-τήρ</b> [[scoop]] resp. [[clamp]] (hell.), <b class="b3">ἀνα- ληπτρ-ίς</b> f. [[connection]] (Gal.). 5. <b class="b3">παρα- λή(μ)π-της</b> <b class="b2">tax-collector</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">προσωπο-λήπ-της</b> <b class="b2">who looks after the person</b> (NT). 6. <b class="b3">ληπτικός</b> `[[receptive]] (Arist.), further in comp., e. g. <b class="b3">ἐπιληπτικός</b> `[[epileptic]]' (:<b class="b3">ἐπίληψις</b>, Hp.). 7. <b class="b3">συλ-λήβ-δην</b> adv. <b class="b2">taken together</b> (Thgn., A.). - On <b class="b3">λάβρος</b> s. v.; on <b class="b3">ἀμφι-λαφής</b> s. <b class="b3">λάφυρον</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [958] <b class="b2">*sleh₂gʷ-?</b> [[take]], [[grasp]]<br />Etymology: From Aegin. <b class="b3">λhαβών</b>, Att.<b class="b3">ΛhαβΕτος</b> and <b class="b3">εἴληφα</b> (and also hom. <b class="b3">ἔ-λλαβον</b>) we see IE. <b class="b2">sl-</b>; the Hom. present <b class="b3">λάζομαι</b>, for which <b class="b3">λαμβάνω</b> was an innovation (Schwyzer 699 f.; metr. uneasy? Kuiper Nasalpräs. 156) shows IE. [[gʷ]]; basis therefore IE. <b class="b2">*slagʷ-</b>. The aspiration in <b class="b3">εἴληφα</b> can be secondary (vgl. Schwyzer 772); perhaps another verb for [[grasp]] (s. <b class="b3">λάφυρον</b>) was involved; also some other formes were influenced by it. the zero grade must be secondary, <b class="b2">*sl̥h₂-</b> would hav got long <b class="b3">α</b>.<br />See also: Weiteres s. [[λάζομαι]] und <b class="b3">λάφυρον</b>. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[take]], [[grasp]] (see on <b class="b3">ἀγρέω</b>), (psothom.)<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">λαβεῖν</b> (Il.), redupl. midd. <b class="b3">λελα-βέσθαι</b> (δ 388), pass. <b class="b3">λαφθῆναι</b> (Ion.), <b class="b3">ληφθῆναι</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">λημφθῆναι</b> (hell.); fut. <b class="b3">λάψομαι</b> (Ion.), <b class="b3">λά[μ]ψεται</b> (Alc., Hamm Grammatik 145), <b class="b3">λαψῃ̃</b> 2. sg. (Dor.), <b class="b3">λήψομαι</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">λήμψομαι</b> (hell.); perf. <b class="b3">εἴληφα</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">εἴλαφα</b> (Dor.), <b class="b3">λελάβηκα</b> (Ion. Dor. Arc., also Att.), midd. <b class="b3">εἴλημμαι</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">λέλημμαι</b> (trag.), <b class="b3">λέλαμμαι</b>, <b class="b3">λελάφθαι</b> (Ion.),<br />Compounds: very often with prefix in diff. meanings, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Very many derivv., many technical words with specific meanings: A. From <b class="b3">λαβεῖν</b>: 1. <b class="b3">λαβή</b> <b class="b2">grip, point of application etc.</b>' (Alc. [<b class="b3">λάβα</b>], Ion. Att.), of the compp. e. g. <b class="b3">συλλαβή</b> `<b class="b2">grip, syllable etc.</b> (A., Att.); <b class="b3">λαβίς</b> f. `[[grip]], [[cramp]], [[tweezers]] (hell.) with <b class="b3">λαβίδιον</b> (Dsc., Gal.), <b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-λαβεύς</b> <b class="b2">handgrip of a shield, peg etc.</b> (H., medic.; cf. Boßhardt 81), <b class="b3">λάβιον</b> [[grip]] (Str.), <b class="b3">ἀπολάβειον</b> [[cramp]] (Ph. Bel.). 2. <b class="b3">-λάβος</b> in compp. as <b class="b3">ἐργο-λάβ-ος</b> m. [[untertaker]] with <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> (Att., hell.). 3. <b class="b3">-λαβής</b> e. g. <b class="b3">εὑ-λαβ-ής</b> (: <b class="b3">εὑ λαβεῖν</b>) [[careful]] with <b class="b3">-έομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-εια</b> (IA.; lit. s. <b class="b3">θρησκεύω</b>, also Kerényi Byz.-Neugr. Jbb. 8, 306ff.). 4. <b class="b3">ΛhαβΕτος</b> PN (Att. epigr.). - B. From full-grade forms (<b class="b3">λήψομαι</b>, <b class="b3">ληφθῆναι</b>): 1. <b class="b3">λῆμμα</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνά-</b> λαμβάνω etc.) `<b class="b2">taking in, accept</b> (Att. ). 2. <b class="b3">λῆψις</b> (<b class="b3">ἀνά-</b> λαμβάνω etc.), hell. <b class="b3">λῆμψις</b> <b class="b2">capture, apprehension, attack of a disease</b> (Hp., Att.), <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-λαμψις</b> = <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-ληψις</b> (Mytil., Kyme a. o.). 3. <b class="b3">-λη(μ)πτωρ</b>, e. g. <b class="b3">συλ-λήπ-τωρ</b> with <b class="b3">συλλήπτρ-ια</b> [[participant]], [[assistant]] (Att.). 4. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-ληπ-τήρ</b> [[scoop]] resp. [[clamp]] (hell.), <b class="b3">ἀνα- ληπτρ-ίς</b> f. [[connection]] (Gal.). 5. <b class="b3">παρα- λή(μ)π-της</b> <b class="b2">tax-collector</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">προσωπο-λήπ-της</b> <b class="b2">who looks after the person</b> (NT). 6. <b class="b3">ληπτικός</b> `[[receptive]] (Arist.), further in comp., e. g. <b class="b3">ἐπιληπτικός</b> `[[epileptic]]' (:<b class="b3">ἐπίληψις</b>, Hp.). 7. <b class="b3">συλ-λήβ-δην</b> adv. <b class="b2">taken together</b> (Thgn., A.). - On <b class="b3">λάβρος</b> s. v.; on <b class="b3">ἀμφι-λαφής</b> s. <b class="b3">λάφυρον</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [958] <b class="b2">*sleh₂gʷ-?</b> [[take]], [[grasp]]<br />Etymology: From Aegin. <b class="b3">λhαβών</b>, Att.<b class="b3">ΛhαβΕτος</b> and <b class="b3">εἴληφα</b> (and also hom. <b class="b3">ἔ-λλαβον</b>) we see IE. <b class="b2">sl-</b>; the Hom. present <b class="b3">λάζομαι</b>, for which <b class="b3">λαμβάνω</b> was an innovation (Schwyzer 699 f.; metr. uneasy? Kuiper Nasalpräs. 156) shows IE. [[gʷ]]; basis therefore IE. <b class="b2">*slagʷ-</b>. The aspiration in <b class="b3">εἴληφα</b> can be secondary (vgl. Schwyzer 772); perhaps another verb for [[grasp]] (s. <b class="b3">λάφυρον</b>) was involved; also some other formes were influenced by it. the zero grade must be secondary, <b class="b2">*sl̥h₂-</b> would hav got long <b class="b3">α</b>.<br />See also: Weiteres s. [[λάζομαι]] und <b class="b3">λάφυρον</b>. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=[from Root !λαβ]<br />The orig. [[sense]] of the [[word]] is two-[[fold]], one ([[more]] [[active]]) to [[take]], and the [[other]] ([[more]] [[passive]]) to [[receive]]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> to [[take]]:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> to [[take]] [[hold]] of, [[grasp]], [[seize]], Hom., etc.; the [[part]] seized in gen., the [[whole]] in acc., τὴν πτέρυγος λάβεν caught her by the [[wing]], Il.; [[γούνων]] [[λάβε]] κούρην Od., etc.:—then, with gen. of [[part]] only, ποδῶν, [[γούνων]], [[κόρυθος]] λάβεν took [[hold]] of the feet, etc., Il.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[take]] by [[violence]], [[seize]], [[carry]] off as [[prize]] or [[booty]], Hom.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> λ. [[δίκην]], ποινάς, Lat. sumere poenas, to [[exact]] [[punishment]], Eur., etc.; v. infr. II. 3.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> of passions, feelings, etc., to [[seize]], Hom., etc.; of [[fever]] and [[sudden]] illnesses, to [[attack]], Hdt., [[attic]]<br /><b class="num">5.</b> of a [[deity]], to [[seize]], [[possess]], τινά Hdt.: of [[darkness]], and the like, to [[occupy]], [[possess]], Aesch.<br /><b class="num">6.</b> to [[catch]], [[come]] [[upon]], [[overtake]], as an [[enemy]], Hom., Hdt.: to [[catch]], [[find]], [[come]] [[upon]], λ. τινὰ μοῦνον Hdt., etc.: also, to [[catch]], [[find]] out, [[detect]], Lat. [[deprehendo]], Hdt.: so Pass., ἐπ' αὐτοφώρωι εἰλημμένος caught in the act, Ar.<br /><b class="num">7.</b> λ. τινὰ ὁρκίοισι to [[bind]] him by oaths, Hdt.<br /><b class="num">8.</b> to [[take]] as an [[assistant]], Soph.<br /><b class="num">9.</b> τὴν Ἴδην λαβὼν ἐς ἀριστερὴν χέρα [[taking]], [[keeping]] Ida to [[your]] [[left]]; so, λ. ἐν δεξιᾶι Thuc.<br />λ. Ἑλληνίδα ἐσθῆτα to [[assume]] it, Hdt.<br />11. to [[apprehend]] by the senses, Soph., Plat.:— to [[seize]] with the [[mind]], [[apprehend]], [[comprehend]], Hdt., etc.:— to [[take]], i. e. [[understand]], a [[thing]] so and so, e. g. a [[passage]] of an [[author]], Lat. accipere, Hdt., Thuc., etc.<br />12. to [[take]] in [[hand]], [[undertake]], Hdt.<br />13. the [[part]]. [[λαβών]] is almost pleon., as, λαβὼν κύσε χεῖρα took and kissed, Od.; so in [[attic]]<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to [[receive]]:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> to [[have]] given one, to get, [[gain]], win, Hom., etc.:—also in bad [[sense]], λ. [[ὄνειδος]] Soph.; θάνατον Eur., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[receive]] in [[marriage]], Hdt., Xen.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> λ. [[δίκην]] to [[receive]], i. e. [[suffer]], [[punishment]], as we say, to [[catch]] it, Lat. [[dare]] poenas, Hdt., Eur.: —an [[unusual]] [[sense]], v. supr. I. 2.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> λ. ὅρκον to [[accept]] an [[oath]] as a [[test]], Arist.; λ. λόγον to [[demand]] an [[account]], Xen.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> to [[conceive]], Aesch.<br /><b class="num">6.</b> to [[receive]] as [[produce]] or [[profit]], Ar., Plat.; to [[purchase]] Ar.<br /><b class="num">7.</b> to [[admit]] of, Pind.<br /><b class="num">8.</b> of persons [[subject]] to feelings, passions, and the like, λ. θυμόν to [[take]] [[heart]], Od.; so, periphr., λ. φόβον = φοβεῖσθαι, Soph., etc.; so, λ. [[ὕψος]] = ὑψοῦσθαι, Thuc.; λ. νόσον (as we say) "to [[take]] a [[cold]], " Plat.; so, αἱ οἰκίαι ἐπάλξεις λαμβάνουσαι receiving [[battlements]], having [[battlements]] added, Thuc.<br />B. Mid. to [[take]] [[hold]] of, lay [[hold]] on, c. gen., σχεδίης Od., Hdt., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of [[place]], λ. τῶν [[ὀρῶν]] to [[take]] to the mountains, [[reach]], [[gain]] them, Thuc. | |||
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