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μαλακός: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[weak]], [[soft]] (Il.; on the meaning Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 183, 187 f.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">μαλακογνώμων</b> <b class="b2">of weak mind</b> (A.), <b class="b3">μαλακο-κρανεύς</b> "Weakskull", bird-name, <b class="b2">gray shrike</b> (Arist.); Boßhardt 62, Chantraine Form. 130.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">μαλακία</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">μαλακότης</b> (Pl., Arist., Herod.) [[weakness]], [[effefeminacy]]. - <b class="b3">μαλακίων</b> m. in address [[sweetheart]] (Ar. Ek. 1058; Chantraine 165); <b class="b3">τὰ μαλάκια</b> [[molluscs]] (Arist.); <b class="b3">μαλακώδης</b> [[weakhearted]] (St. Byz.). -- Denomin. verbs: 1. <b class="b3">μαλάσσω</b>, <b class="b3">-ττω</b> <b class="b2">make weak, soften</b> (Pi., IA.) with <b class="b3">μάλαγμα</b> n. <b class="b2">emollient, softening plaster, softening material</b> (Pl., Thphr., Ph. Bel. etc.) with <b class="b3">μαλαγμα-τώδης</b> (medic.), <b class="b3">-τίζω</b> (Zos.Alch.); <b class="b3">μάλαξις</b> [[softening]] (Thphr., Plu.); <b class="b3">μαλακ-τήρ</b> "weakener", μαλακός <b class="b3">ἐλέφαντος</b> <b class="b2">ivory workerer</b> (Plu.); <b class="b3">-τικός</b> [[softening]] (Hp., Plu.). 2. <b class="b3">μαλακίζομαι</b> <b class="b2">be softened</b> (Att.). 3. <b class="b3">μαλακύνω</b> [[soften]] (X., hell.) with <b class="b3">μαλάκυνσις</b> [[softening]] (Alex. Aphr.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [716] <b class="b2">*melh₂-</b> <b class="b2">meal, rub down</b><br />Etymology: The nearest cognate of <b class="b3">μαλακός</b> seems monosyllabic <b class="b3">βλάξ</b> (with long vowel; s. v. and Schwyzer 360); so a primary <b class="b3">κ-</b>deriv. If we separate the two, an <b class="b2">n-</b>stem as intermediate is possible (Schwyzer 496 f., Chantraine Form. 384). The basis could be the wide-spread verb [[rub]], [[meal]], s. <b class="b3">μύλη</b>; also <b class="b3">μέλδομαι</b>, <b class="b3">ἀμαλδύνω</b>, <b class="b3">ἀμαλός</b>. Cf. also <b class="b3">μαλθακός</b>. It could be <b class="b2">*mlh₂-k-</b> > <b class="b3">*μλακ-</b> and <b class="b2">*mlh₂-ek-</b> > <b class="b3">*μαλ-ακ-</b>. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[weak]], [[soft]] (Il.; on the meaning Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 183, 187 f.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">μαλακογνώμων</b> <b class="b2">of weak mind</b> (A.), <b class="b3">μαλακο-κρανεύς</b> "Weakskull", bird-name, <b class="b2">gray shrike</b> (Arist.); Boßhardt 62, Chantraine Form. 130.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">μαλακία</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">μαλακότης</b> (Pl., Arist., Herod.) [[weakness]], [[effefeminacy]]. - <b class="b3">μαλακίων</b> m. in address [[sweetheart]] (Ar. Ek. 1058; Chantraine 165); <b class="b3">τὰ μαλάκια</b> [[molluscs]] (Arist.); <b class="b3">μαλακώδης</b> [[weakhearted]] (St. Byz.). -- Denomin. verbs: 1. <b class="b3">μαλάσσω</b>, <b class="b3">-ττω</b> <b class="b2">make weak, soften</b> (Pi., IA.) with <b class="b3">μάλαγμα</b> n. <b class="b2">emollient, softening plaster, softening material</b> (Pl., Thphr., Ph. Bel. etc.) with <b class="b3">μαλαγμα-τώδης</b> (medic.), <b class="b3">-τίζω</b> (Zos.Alch.); <b class="b3">μάλαξις</b> [[softening]] (Thphr., Plu.); <b class="b3">μαλακ-τήρ</b> "weakener", μαλακός <b class="b3">ἐλέφαντος</b> <b class="b2">ivory workerer</b> (Plu.); <b class="b3">-τικός</b> [[softening]] (Hp., Plu.). 2. <b class="b3">μαλακίζομαι</b> <b class="b2">be softened</b> (Att.). 3. <b class="b3">μαλακύνω</b> [[soften]] (X., hell.) with <b class="b3">μαλάκυνσις</b> [[softening]] (Alex. Aphr.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [716] <b class="b2">*melh₂-</b> <b class="b2">meal, rub down</b><br />Etymology: The nearest cognate of <b class="b3">μαλακός</b> seems monosyllabic <b class="b3">βλάξ</b> (with long vowel; s. v. and Schwyzer 360); so a primary <b class="b3">κ-</b>deriv. If we separate the two, an <b class="b2">n-</b>stem as intermediate is possible (Schwyzer 496 f., Chantraine Form. 384). The basis could be the wide-spread verb [[rub]], [[meal]], s. <b class="b3">μύλη</b>; also <b class="b3">μέλδομαι</b>, <b class="b3">ἀμαλδύνω</b>, <b class="b3">ἀμαλός</b>. Cf. also <b class="b3">μαλθακός</b>. It could be <b class="b2">*mlh₂-k-</b> > <b class="b3">*μλακ-</b> and <b class="b2">*mlh₂-ek-</b> > <b class="b3">*μαλ-ακ-</b>. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=!μᾰλᾰκός, ή, όν<br /><b class="num">I.</b> Lat. [[mollis]], [[soft]], Hom., etc.; μ. [[νειός]] a [[fresh]]-ploughed [[fallow]], Il.; μ. [[λειμών]] a [[soft]] [[grassy]] [[meadow]], Od.; μ. παρειαί Soph.; σώματα Xen.: —adv., καθίζου [[μαλακῶς]] sit [[softly]], i. e. on a [[cushion]], Ar.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> of things not [[subject]] to [[touch]], [[soft]], [[gentle]], [[θάνατος]], [[ὕπνος]] Hom.; [[μαλακῶς]] εὕδειν to [[sleep]] [[softly]], Od.; μαλακὰ ἔπεα, μ. λόγοι [[soft]], [[fair]] words, Hom.; μ. [[βλέμμα]] [[tender]], [[youthful]] looks, Ar.; [[light]], [[mild]], [[ζημία]] Thuc.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> in bad [[sense]], of persons, [[soft]], [[yielding]], [[remiss]], Thuc., Xen.:—adv., μαλακωτέρως ἀνθήπτετο attacked him [[somewhat]] [[feebly]], Thuc.: —also [[faint]]-hearted, [[effeminate]], [[cowardly]], Thuc., Xen.; [[μαλακὸν]] οὐδὲν ἐνδιδόναι not to [[give]] in from [[want]] of [[spirit]], not to [[flag]] a [[whit]], Hdt., Ar. | |||
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