μύλη: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">handmill, mill,</b> (Od.), <b class="b2">(the nether) millstone</b>, metaph. [[molar]] (LXX), <b class="b2">knee-cap, hard formation in a woman's womb</b> (Hp., Arist.).<br />Other forms: hell. a. late also <b class="b3">μύλος</b> m. (LXX, NT, Str.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2,58)<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">μυλο-ειδής</b> <b class="b2">as a millstone</b> (H 270), <b class="b3">μυλή-φατος</b> <b class="b2">ground by a mill</b> (β 355, A. R., Lyc.; after <b class="b3">ἀρηΐ-φατος</b> a.o.; diff. Chantraine Sprache 1, 145); <b class="b3">χειρο-μύλη</b> [[handmill]] (X.), also <b class="b3">-μυλος</b> (Edict. Diocl.), <b class="b3">-μυλον</b> (Cass. Fel.; cf. on <b class="b3">βούτυρον</b>); dimin. <b class="b3">-μύλιον</b> (Dsc., pap.).<br />Derivatives: A. Subst. 1. <b class="b3">μύλαξ</b>, <b class="b3">-ακος</b> m. <b class="b2">millstone, big rounded stone</b> (M161, AP, Opp.), cf. <b class="b3">λίθαξ</b> a.o. (Chantraine Form. 379). 2. From this with <b class="b3">ρ-</b>suffix <b class="b3">μύλακρος</b> m. [[millstone]] (Alcm.), pl. = <b class="b3">γομφίοι ὀδόντες</b> (H.); f. <b class="b3">-ακρίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> as attr. of <b class="b3">λᾶας</b> [[millstone]] (Alex. Aet.), as subst. [[cockroach]], also (influenced by <b class="b3">ἀκρίς</b>) [[locust]] (Ar. Fr. 583, Poll.); also <b class="b3">-αβρίς</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pl. Com., Poll.; prob. after <b class="b3">ἁβρός</b>, <b class="b3">ἅβρα</b>), <b class="b3">-ηθρίς</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Poll.). 3. <b class="b3">μυλών</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. [[millhouse]], [[mill]] (Att.) with <b class="b3">-ωνικός</b> [[miller]] (pap.), <b class="b3">-ώνιον</b> dimin. (gloss.). 4. <b class="b3">μυλωθρός</b> m. [[miller]] (Att., Arist.); on the formation which is not quite clear cf. Chantraine Form. 373; from this <b class="b3">-ωθρίς</b> f. [[milleress]] name of a comedy of Eubulos; <b class="b3">-ωθρικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to a miller</b> (Plu.), <b class="b3">-ωθρέω</b> [[grind]] (Men.); backformation <b class="b3">-ωθρον</b> = <b class="b3">μυλών</b> (Phot.)?; also <b class="b3">-ωθριαῖοι</b> adjunct of <b class="b3">καλυπ-τῆρες</b> (= <b class="b2">roof-tiles</b>?; Delos IIa, reading uncertain); beside it <b class="b3">μυλωρός</b> [[miller]] (Aesop., Poll.), after <b class="b3">πυλωρός</b> a.o. 5. <b class="b3">μυλάριον</b> dimin. <b class="b2">small handmill</b> (pap.). 6. <b class="b3">μυλεύς</b> m. surn. of Zeus as keeper of mills (Lyc.; Bosshardt 67). 7. <b class="b3">μυλίας</b> m. (<b class="b3">λίθος</b>) <b class="b2">millstone, stone, from which millstones were made</b> (Pl., Arist., Str.; Chantraine Form. 96). 8. <b class="b3">μυλίτης</b> m. (<b class="b3">λίθος</b>, <b class="b3">ὀδούς</b>) [[millstone]], [[molar]] (Gal.). 9. <b class="b3">Μυλόεις ποταμὸς Ἀρκαδίας</b> H.; s. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 2. 233. -- B. Adj., all rare and late: 1. <b class="b3">μύλ-ιος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to a mill</b> (Procop.); 2. <b class="b3">μυλ-ικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ev. Luk., Gal.); 3. <b class="b3">-ινος</b> <b class="b2">consisting of millstones</b> (Smyrna); 4. <b class="b3">-αῖος</b> <b class="b2">working in a mill</b> (AP), <b class="b3">-αῖον</b> n. [[handmill]] (pap.); 5. <b class="b3">-ιαῖοι ὀδόντες</b> [[molars]] (medic.); 6. <b class="b3">-όεις</b> <b class="b2">consisting of a millstone, belonging to a mill</b> (Nic., Nonn.); 7. <b class="b3">-ητικη ἔμπλαστρος</b> <b class="b2">remedy for toothache</b> (Gal.). -- C. Verbs, all rare. 1. <b class="b3">μυλιάω</b> only in ptc. <b class="b3">μυλιόωντες</b> <b class="b2">gnashing with the teeth</b> (Hes. Op. 530; on <b class="b3">-ιάω</b> Schwyzer 732); 2. <b class="b3">μυλόομαι</b> <b class="b2">be hardened, cicatrized</b> (Hp.). -- On itself stands <b class="b3">μύλλω</b> = <b class="b3">βινέω</b> (Theoc. 4,58) with <b class="b3">μυλ(λ)άς</b> f. [[whore]] (Phot., Suid.), <b class="b3">μυλλός</b> m. <b class="b2">cake in the form of the pudenda muliebria</b> (Ath. 14, 647 a; Sicilian).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [716] <b class="b2">*melh₁-</b> [[grind]]<br />Etymology: The primary verbal noun <b class="b3">μύλη</b> (accent as e.g. <b class="b3">μάχη</b>) with the secondarily arising <b class="b3">μύλος</b> (after <b class="b3">λίθος</b> or <b class="b3">ὄνος ἀλέτης</b>?) like the primary yot-present <b class="b3">μύλλω</b> deviate through the <b class="b3">υ-</b>vowel from the other cognate words for [[grind]], which show an [[e]] : <b class="b2">o-</b>vocalism: Celt., OIr. [[melim]], Slav., e.g. OCS <b class="b2">meljǫ</b> (IE <b class="b2">*mel-</b>); Germ., e.g. Goth. [[malan]], Lith. <b class="b2">malù</b>, Hitt. 3. sg. [[mallai]] (IE <b class="b2">*mol-</b>); Lat. [[molō]], on itself ambiguous, prob. from <b class="b2">*melō</b> like OIr. [[melim]]. In <b class="b3">μυλ-</b> we must assume a zero- [or reduced] grade variant (<b class="b2">ml̥-</b>; <b class="b2">m_el-</b>?) (Schwyzer 351). With <b class="b3">μύλλω</b> from <b class="b2">*ml̥-i̯ō</b> agree in Germ. OHG [[muljan]], OWNo. [[mylia]] [[crush]]; on the meaning s. below, on the <b class="b3">υ</b> -vowel cf. <b class="b3">φύλλον</b> against Lat. [[folium]]. A weak grade appears also in Welsh [[malu]] [[grind]], as well as in Arm. [[malem]] [[crush]]. An <b class="b2">u-</b>vowel could also be found in the reduplicated Arm. <b class="b2">ml-ml-em</b> [[rub]]; (it could however also be drived from lengthened grade <b class="b2">mēl-</b> or [[mōl]]). The technical meaning [[grind]] might have been specialized from the general [[rub]]. As verbal noun <b class="b3">μύλη</b> has in Greek the character of an archaism, while <b class="b3">μύλλω</b>, which was degraded to an obscene meaning, was further replaced by the also old <b class="b3">ἀλέω</b> (s.v. and Porzig Gliederung 156), which was limited to the eastern languages. -- On itself stands <b class="b3">μάλευρον</b> (s.v.); remarkable and\/but suspect is the <b class="b2">e-</b>vowel of Myc. [[mereuro]] [[meal]] and [[meretirija]] [[milleresses]]. -- More forms in WP. 2, 284ff., Pok. 716f., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. [[molō]], Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2">málti</b>.

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