ὀδάξ: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adv.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">with the teeth, to clench ones teeth</b> (<b class="b3">ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι φύντες α</b> 381 = σ 410 = υ 268; also Com., e.g. Ar. V. 164 <b class="b3">διατρώξομαι τοίνυν ὀδὰξ τὸ δίκτυον</b>); perh. in diff. meanings at three places of the Il. (e.g. Λ 749 <b class="b3">ὀδὰξ ἕλον οὖδας</b>; cf Χ 17, Β 418), cf. below.<br />Derivatives: Beside it three verbs: 1. <b class="b3">ὀδακ-τάζω</b> (Call., A. R.), <b class="b3">-τίζω</b> (D. H.) <b class="b2">to bite, to gnaw</b> (cf. <b class="b3">λακτίζω</b> : <b class="b3">λάξ</b>); <b class="b3">ἀδακτῶ κνήθομαι</b> H. 2. <b class="b3">ὀδάξ-ομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ω</b>, <b class="b3">-άομαι</b> (<b class="b3">-έομαι</b>), <b class="b3">-άω</b>, also <b class="b3">ἀδάξομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-άομαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>, perf. ptc. <b class="b3">ὠδαγμένος</b> (S.), aor. <b class="b3">ὠδάξατο</b> (AP); <b class="b3">ὠδάγμην ἐκνησάμην</b> H. <b class="b2">to scratch oneself, to be itching, to be scratchy, to itch, to scratch, to gnaw</b>; <b class="b3">ὀδάξει τοῖς ὀδοῦσι δάκνει</b> H.; <b class="b3">ὀδαγμός</b> (<b class="b3">ἀ-</b>, S. Tr. 770), <b class="b3">ὀδαξ-ησμός</b> (Hp., Ph., Plu.) [[itch]], <b class="b3">-ητικός</b> (Poll.), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> (Aret.) <b class="b2">scratchy, to cause itch</b>. -- 3. <b class="b3">ἀδαχεῖ</b> [[scratches]], [[itches]] (Ar. Fr. 410), <b class="b3">ἀδαχᾳ̃ κνᾳ̃</b>, <b class="b3">κνήθει κεφαλήν</b>, <b class="b3">ψηλαφᾳ̃</b> H.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Both <b class="b3">ὀδακ-τάζω</b>, <b class="b3">-τίζω</b> and <b class="b3">ὀδάξει</b> in H. can be derived from <b class="b3">ὀδάξ</b> <b class="b2">with the teeth</b>. But the earlier and better attested <b class="b3">ὀδάξ-ομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-άομαι</b> as well as <b class="b3">ἀδαχ-εῖ</b>, -ᾳ̃ deviate considerably in meaning. As for the oldest attestations of <b class="b3">ὀδάξ</b> (Il.) a meaning <b class="b2">with the teeth</b> is not directly evident (but it seems possible), Bechtel Lex. wants to render <b class="b3">ὀδάξ</b> in these places after <b class="b3">ὀδάξομαι</b> with [[itching]], [[scratching]]; agreeing Wackernagel Unt. 157, WP. 1, 791, Hofmann Et. Wb. The later meaning <b class="b2">with the teeth</b> would have arisen from a folketymological connection with <b class="b3">ὀδών</b> and <b class="b3">δάκνω</b>. (The connection suggested by Bechtel (after Fick) with Germ., e.g. Os. <b class="b2">bi-tengi</b> <b class="b2">nahe an einen rührend</b> a.o. is not convincing however; cf. WP. l.c.) -- Whether <b class="b3">ὀδάξ</b>, if orig. <b class="b2">biting together, with the teeth</b> (on <b class="b3">-ξ</b> cf. <b class="b3">λάξ</b> w. lit.), started from <b class="b3">ὀδών</b> in connection with <b class="b3">δάκνω</b> or, the other way round, from <b class="b3">δάκνω</b> in connection with <b class="b3">ὀδών</b>, can hardly be decided; cf. beside the lit. in Bq and Bechtel also Güntert Reimwortbildungen 153, Winter Prothet. Vokal 22. Bechtel Lex. and Schwyzer-Debrunner 491 assume a prefix <b class="b3">ὀ-</b>, not very convincingly. The forms with <b class="b3">ἀ-</b> may rest on vowelassimilation (Schmidt KZ 32, 391 f.); the aspiration in <b class="b3">ἀδαχ-ᾳ̃</b>, <b class="b3">-εῖ</b> must not be explained as analogical (Schmidt l.c.; rejected by Bechtel). Cf. s.v. <b class="b3">ἀδαγμός</b>. So we can conclude that the orig. reading was <b class="b3">ἀδαγ-</b>; as the word was less well known, it was at one time replaced by <b class="b3">ὀδ-</b>.

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