πῖαρ: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: Nom. acc. n.<br />Meaning: [[fat]], [[tallow]] (ep. Ion. Il).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">πίων</b>, n. <b class="b3">πῖον</b>, f. <b class="b3">πίειρα</b> [[fat]], [[fertile]], [[rich]] (Il.), with as innovation <b class="b3">πιερός</b>, <b class="b3">πιαρός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp., Arist.); comp. forms <b class="b3">πιό-τατος</b>, <b class="b3">-τερος</b> (Hom.) with new posit. <b class="b3">πῖος</b> (Epich., Nic.; cf. Leumann Mus. Helv. 2,5f. = Kl. Schr. 219); <b class="b3">πιότης</b> f. [[fattness]] (Hp., Arist.). Poet. enlargement <b class="b3">πιήεις</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (AP). Denom. verb <b class="b3">πιαίνω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">πιᾶναι</b>, also w. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b> a.o., <b class="b2">to make fat, to tallow, to enrich</b> (Pi., IA.) with <b class="b3">πία-σμα</b> n. <b class="b2">fattening, tallowing food</b> (A.), <b class="b3">ποτι-πίαμμα</b> n. <b class="b2"> fat that stayed (on the altar)</b> (Cyrene; on the phonetics cf. Schwyzer 524 w. n. 2), <b class="b3">-σμός</b> m. [[fattening]] (Ael.); <b class="b3">-ντήριος</b> (Hp.), <b class="b3">-ντικός</b> (Apoll. Lex.) <b class="b2">making fat, tallowing</b>. -- With <b class="b3">λ-</b>suffix: <b class="b3">πιαλέος</b> [[fat]] (Ion. poet.; Chantraine Form. 253), rarely <b class="b3">πίαλος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (v. l. for <b class="b3">σίαλος</b> [Hp.], prob. reshaped after it; cf. Güntert Reimwortbild. 127 f., where wrong on <b class="b3">πιαλέος</b>). -- On itself stands <b class="b3">πιμελ-ή</b> f. [[fat]], [[lard]] (IA) with <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[fatty]] (Hp., Arist.), <b class="b3">-ής</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Aq., Luc.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [793] <b class="b2">*piH-u̯er-</b> [[fat]]<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">πίων</b>, <b class="b3">πίειρα</b> from <b class="b3">*πίϜων</b>, <b class="b3">*πίϜειρα</b> agree Skt. <b class="b2">pī́van-</b>, <b class="b2">pī́varī</b> [[fat]], [[full]]; with the <b class="b2">r-</b>stem in <b class="b3">πῖ</b>[F]<b class="b3">αρ</b> agrees in Indo-Iran. an <b class="b2">s-</b>stem Skt. <b class="b2">pī́vas-</b> = Av. <b class="b2">pī́vah-</b> n. [[fat]], [[bacon]]. To it, as Ind. innovation, <b class="b2">pīvará</b> like <b class="b3">πιερός</b> to <b class="b3">πίειρα</b>. Here still Myc. PN <b class="b2">pi-we-ri-di</b>, <b class="b2">-si</b> (Heubeck Praegraeca 42)? An old <b class="b2">r-</b>derivation is also supposed in OIr. [[īriu]] <b class="b2">earths surface, land</b> (phonetically unclear). The <b class="b2">l-</b>stem in <b class="b3">πιαλέος</b> however is not found outside Greek. An old athemat. byform may be found in Epeirotic gen. sg. <b class="b3">Πείαλ-ος</b> (Schwyzer 484 w. lit.). -- Beside this group with the wellknown suffixvariation <b class="b2">u̯er</b> : <b class="b2">u̯en</b> : <b class="b2">u̯es</b> : <b class="b2">u̯el</b> (e.g. Benveniste Origines 45 f.; IE <b class="b2">*pī-u̯er-</b>, <b class="b2">-u̯r̥-</b> etc.) stands with <b class="b2">mel-</b>suffix <b class="b3">πι-μελ-ή</b> (Frisk Eranos 41, 50ff.). (The <b class="b2">m-</b>formation contained in it seems also to be found in Lat. [[opīmus]] [[fat]], [[wellnourished]] but the anlaut. <b class="b2">o-</b> is unexplained.) -- All these formations go back on a verb, which is retained in Skt., e.g. pres. <b class="b2">páyate</b> <b class="b2">be full</b>, esp. of fat or milk, ptc. <b class="b2">pīná-</b> [[obese]], [[thick]]. On the Skt. words extensively Mayrhofer KEWA 212 a. 297 f. w. lit.; on the group in gen. WP. 2, 73ff., Pok. 793f., also W.-Hofmann s. [[opīmus]] and [[pinguis]] (cf. also [[παχύς]]); also w. lit. -- (Not here [[πῖδαξ]].)

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