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πήγνυμι: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: to fix, to stick, to join, to congeal or to coagulate' (Il.).<br />Other forms: Dor. Aeol. <b class="b3">πάγ-</b>, also <b class="b3">-ύω</b> (X., Arist.), <b class="b3">πήσσω</b>, <b class="b3">-ττω</b> (hell.), aor. <b class="b3">πῆξαι</b> (<b class="b3">ἔπηκτο Λ</b> 378; Schwyzer 751; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 383), pass. <b class="b3">παγῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">πηχθῆ-ναι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">πήξω</b>, perf. act. intr. <b class="b3">πέπηγα</b> (all Il.), trans. plqu. <b class="b3">ἐπεπήχεσαν</b> (D. C.), midd. <b class="b3">πέπηγμαι</b> (D. H., Arr.).<br />Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>. Compounds: <b class="b3">πηγεσί-μαλλος</b> <b class="b2">dense of wool</b> (Γ 197; <b class="b3">-εσι-</b> prob. only enlarging, Schwyzer 444 w. n. 4); <b class="b3">-πηξ</b>, e.g. in <b class="b3">ἀντί-πηξ</b>, <b class="b3">-γος</b> f. <b class="b2">kind of chest</b> (E.; Bergson Eranos 58, 12 ff.); <b class="b3">ναυ-πηγ-ός</b> m. [[shipbuilder]] (Att. etc.); <b class="b3">-πηγ-ής</b> and <b class="b3">-παγ-ής</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">εὑ-πηγ-ής</b>. <b class="b3">εὑ-παγ-ής</b> <b class="b2">well built</b> (φ 334, Pl.), <b class="b3">περιπηγ-ής</b> <b class="b2">frozen around</b> (Nic.); <b class="b3">συμπαγ-ής</b> <b class="b2">put together</b> (Pl.).<br />Derivatives: A. From the full grade : 1. <b class="b3">πηγός</b> [[solid]], [[dense]], [[strong]] (ep. poet. I 124), prob. prop, [[fixing]] (cf. Schwyzer 459, Chantraine Form. 13); second. [[white]], also [[black]] (late poetry; wrongly concluded from Hom., Kretschmer Glotta 31, 95ff., Leumann Hom. Wörter 214 n. 8, to it also Reiter Die griech. Bez. der Farben weiß, grau und braun 74 f.). 2. <b class="b3">πηγάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. <b class="b2">hoar-frost, rime</b> (Hes.); 3. <b class="b3">πηγυλίς</b> f. [[frosty]], [[icecold]] (ξ 476, A. R.), <b class="b2">hoar-frost, rime</b> (AP a.o.). 3. <b class="b3">πῆγμα</b> (<b class="b3">διά-</b>, <b class="b3">παρά-</b>, <b class="b3">σύμ-</b>, <b class="b3">πρόσ-</b> πήγνυμι a.o.) n. <b class="b2">smth. joint together, stage, scaffold etc.</b> (Hp., hell.; coni. ap. A. Ag. 1198), <b class="b3">-μάτιον</b> (Ph., Procl.); 4. <b class="b3">πῆξις</b> (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔμ-</b> πήγνυμι a.o.) f. [[fixing]], [[fastening]], [[coagulation]] (Hp., Arist.); <b class="b3">πήγνυσις</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ps.-Thales). 5. <b class="b3">πηκτός</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">πακ-</b> (<b class="b3">κατά-</b>, <b class="b3">σύμ-</b>, <b class="b3">εὔ-</b> πήγνυμι a.o.) <b class="b2">solid etc.</b> (in Att.); <b class="b3">πηκτή</b> f. <b class="b2">set up net, framework</b> (Ar., Arist.), <b class="b3">πακτά</b> f. <b class="b2">fresh cheese</b> (Theoc. a.o.; cf. Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 47); <b class="b3">ἐμπήκτης</b> m. <b class="b2">one who sticks up (the Athen. judicial notes)</b> (Arist.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 74); <b class="b3">πηκτίς</b> (Dor. Aeol. <b class="b3">πακ-</b>), <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. name of a Lydian harp (IA.); <b class="b3">πηκτικός</b> (<b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> πήγνυμι ) <b class="b2">making coagulate, congeal</b> (Thphr.. Dsc.). 6. <b class="b3">πηγετός</b> m. = <b class="b3">παγ-</b> (D. P.). -- B. From the zero grade: <b class="b3">πάγος</b>, <b class="b3">-ετός</b>, <b class="b3">-ερός</b>, <b class="b3">πάγη</b>, <b class="b3">πάξ</b>, <b class="b3">πάχνη</b>, s. vv. (not <b class="b3">πάσσαλος</b>); also <b class="b3">πάγιος</b> [[stout]], [[solid]] (Pl., Arist.) and <b class="b3">παγεύς</b> m. [[pedestal]] (Hero). Further also <b class="b3">πακ-τός</b> in <b class="b3">καταπακ-τός</b>, (Hdt.) and <b class="b3">πακτό-ω</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμ-</b> πήγνυμι) <b class="b2">to fix</b> (IA.; <b class="b3">πακτός</b> for trad. <b class="b3">πηκτός</b> in Hom.?; Wackernagel Unt. 11 f.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [787] <b class="b2">*peh₂g-</b> <b class="b2">make fest, fix together</b><br />Etymology: Beside the <b class="b3">νυ-</b>present <b class="b3">πήγ-νυ-μι</b> (with second. full grade) stands in Latin and Germ. a zero grade formation with nasalinfix: Lat. <b class="b2">pa-n-g-ō</b> <b class="b2">consolidate, fix together</b> (on the semant. agreement between Greek and Lat. Schulze KZ 57, 297 = Kl. Schr. 217), Germ., e.g. Goth. [[fahan]], OHG [[fāhan]] from PGerm. <b class="b2">*fa-n-χ-an</b> (IE <b class="b2">*paḱ-</b> beside <b class="b2">*paǵ-</b>) [[fasten]], [[catch]]. An analogous pair is <b class="b3">ζεύγ-νυ-μι</b>: <b class="b2">iu-n-g-ō</b>. Also the reduplicated perfekt <b class="b3">πέ-πηγ-α</b> has a formal agreement in Lat. <b class="b2">pe-pig-ī</b> with zero grade as in opt. <b class="b3">πεπαγοίην</b> (Eup.). Phonet. identical are further <b class="b3">πηγός</b> and [[pāgus]] m. [[district]], [[village]]; also, with secondary full grade, <b class="b3">πηκτός</b> and <b class="b2">com-pāctus</b>, <b class="b3">πῆξις</b> and <b class="b2">com-pācti-ō</b>. The original zero grade is in <b class="b3">πακτός</b> and [[pactus]] ([[sum]], beside [[paciscor]]) retained. Zero grade also, without direct connection with the Greek formations <b class="b3">πάγος</b> etc., in Germ., e.g. OS [[fac]] n. <b class="b2">encompassing frontier</b>, NHG [[Fach]]. -- An aspirated byform Meillet finds BSL 36, 110 in Arm. <b class="b2">p'akem</b> <b class="b2">close, shut off</b>. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 2 f., Pok. 787f., W.-Hofmann s. [[pangō]] and [[pacīscō]]. (Not here [[πήγανον]].) | |etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: to fix, to stick, to join, to congeal or to coagulate' (Il.).<br />Other forms: Dor. Aeol. <b class="b3">πάγ-</b>, also <b class="b3">-ύω</b> (X., Arist.), <b class="b3">πήσσω</b>, <b class="b3">-ττω</b> (hell.), aor. <b class="b3">πῆξαι</b> (<b class="b3">ἔπηκτο Λ</b> 378; Schwyzer 751; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 383), pass. <b class="b3">παγῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">πηχθῆ-ναι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">πήξω</b>, perf. act. intr. <b class="b3">πέπηγα</b> (all Il.), trans. plqu. <b class="b3">ἐπεπήχεσαν</b> (D. C.), midd. <b class="b3">πέπηγμαι</b> (D. H., Arr.).<br />Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>. Compounds: <b class="b3">πηγεσί-μαλλος</b> <b class="b2">dense of wool</b> (Γ 197; <b class="b3">-εσι-</b> prob. only enlarging, Schwyzer 444 w. n. 4); <b class="b3">-πηξ</b>, e.g. in <b class="b3">ἀντί-πηξ</b>, <b class="b3">-γος</b> f. <b class="b2">kind of chest</b> (E.; Bergson Eranos 58, 12 ff.); <b class="b3">ναυ-πηγ-ός</b> m. [[shipbuilder]] (Att. etc.); <b class="b3">-πηγ-ής</b> and <b class="b3">-παγ-ής</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">εὑ-πηγ-ής</b>. <b class="b3">εὑ-παγ-ής</b> <b class="b2">well built</b> (φ 334, Pl.), <b class="b3">περιπηγ-ής</b> <b class="b2">frozen around</b> (Nic.); <b class="b3">συμπαγ-ής</b> <b class="b2">put together</b> (Pl.).<br />Derivatives: A. From the full grade : 1. <b class="b3">πηγός</b> [[solid]], [[dense]], [[strong]] (ep. poet. I 124), prob. prop, [[fixing]] (cf. Schwyzer 459, Chantraine Form. 13); second. [[white]], also [[black]] (late poetry; wrongly concluded from Hom., Kretschmer Glotta 31, 95ff., Leumann Hom. Wörter 214 n. 8, to it also Reiter Die griech. Bez. der Farben weiß, grau und braun 74 f.). 2. <b class="b3">πηγάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. <b class="b2">hoar-frost, rime</b> (Hes.); 3. <b class="b3">πηγυλίς</b> f. [[frosty]], [[icecold]] (ξ 476, A. R.), <b class="b2">hoar-frost, rime</b> (AP a.o.). 3. <b class="b3">πῆγμα</b> (<b class="b3">διά-</b>, <b class="b3">παρά-</b>, <b class="b3">σύμ-</b>, <b class="b3">πρόσ-</b> πήγνυμι a.o.) n. <b class="b2">smth. joint together, stage, scaffold etc.</b> (Hp., hell.; coni. ap. A. Ag. 1198), <b class="b3">-μάτιον</b> (Ph., Procl.); 4. <b class="b3">πῆξις</b> (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔμ-</b> πήγνυμι a.o.) f. [[fixing]], [[fastening]], [[coagulation]] (Hp., Arist.); <b class="b3">πήγνυσις</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ps.-Thales). 5. <b class="b3">πηκτός</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">πακ-</b> (<b class="b3">κατά-</b>, <b class="b3">σύμ-</b>, <b class="b3">εὔ-</b> πήγνυμι a.o.) <b class="b2">solid etc.</b> (in Att.); <b class="b3">πηκτή</b> f. <b class="b2">set up net, framework</b> (Ar., Arist.), <b class="b3">πακτά</b> f. <b class="b2">fresh cheese</b> (Theoc. a.o.; cf. Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 47); <b class="b3">ἐμπήκτης</b> m. <b class="b2">one who sticks up (the Athen. judicial notes)</b> (Arist.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 74); <b class="b3">πηκτίς</b> (Dor. Aeol. <b class="b3">πακ-</b>), <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. name of a Lydian harp (IA.); <b class="b3">πηκτικός</b> (<b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> πήγνυμι ) <b class="b2">making coagulate, congeal</b> (Thphr.. Dsc.). 6. <b class="b3">πηγετός</b> m. = <b class="b3">παγ-</b> (D. P.). -- B. From the zero grade: <b class="b3">πάγος</b>, <b class="b3">-ετός</b>, <b class="b3">-ερός</b>, <b class="b3">πάγη</b>, <b class="b3">πάξ</b>, <b class="b3">πάχνη</b>, s. vv. (not <b class="b3">πάσσαλος</b>); also <b class="b3">πάγιος</b> [[stout]], [[solid]] (Pl., Arist.) and <b class="b3">παγεύς</b> m. [[pedestal]] (Hero). Further also <b class="b3">πακ-τός</b> in <b class="b3">καταπακ-τός</b>, (Hdt.) and <b class="b3">πακτό-ω</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμ-</b> πήγνυμι) <b class="b2">to fix</b> (IA.; <b class="b3">πακτός</b> for trad. <b class="b3">πηκτός</b> in Hom.?; Wackernagel Unt. 11 f.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [787] <b class="b2">*peh₂g-</b> <b class="b2">make fest, fix together</b><br />Etymology: Beside the <b class="b3">νυ-</b>present <b class="b3">πήγ-νυ-μι</b> (with second. full grade) stands in Latin and Germ. a zero grade formation with nasalinfix: Lat. <b class="b2">pa-n-g-ō</b> <b class="b2">consolidate, fix together</b> (on the semant. agreement between Greek and Lat. Schulze KZ 57, 297 = Kl. Schr. 217), Germ., e.g. Goth. [[fahan]], OHG [[fāhan]] from PGerm. <b class="b2">*fa-n-χ-an</b> (IE <b class="b2">*paḱ-</b> beside <b class="b2">*paǵ-</b>) [[fasten]], [[catch]]. An analogous pair is <b class="b3">ζεύγ-νυ-μι</b>: <b class="b2">iu-n-g-ō</b>. Also the reduplicated perfekt <b class="b3">πέ-πηγ-α</b> has a formal agreement in Lat. <b class="b2">pe-pig-ī</b> with zero grade as in opt. <b class="b3">πεπαγοίην</b> (Eup.). Phonet. identical are further <b class="b3">πηγός</b> and [[pāgus]] m. [[district]], [[village]]; also, with secondary full grade, <b class="b3">πηκτός</b> and <b class="b2">com-pāctus</b>, <b class="b3">πῆξις</b> and <b class="b2">com-pācti-ō</b>. The original zero grade is in <b class="b3">πακτός</b> and [[pactus]] ([[sum]], beside [[paciscor]]) retained. Zero grade also, without direct connection with the Greek formations <b class="b3">πάγος</b> etc., in Germ., e.g. OS [[fac]] n. <b class="b2">encompassing frontier</b>, NHG [[Fach]]. -- An aspirated byform Meillet finds BSL 36, 110 in Arm. <b class="b2">p'akem</b> <b class="b2">close, shut off</b>. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 2 f., Pok. 787f., W.-Hofmann s. [[pangō]] and [[pacīscō]]. (Not here [[πήγανον]].) | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=[[πέπηγα]] is [[generally]] used as perf. [[pass]].]<br />Radical [[sense]], to make [[fast]]; intr. and Pass. to be [[solid]] :<br /><b class="num">I.</b> to [[stick]] or fix in, ἐν δὲ μετώπωι [[πῆξε]] [τὴν αἰχμήν] Il.; π. ἐπὶ τύμβωι [[ἐρετμόν]] Od.:— to fix in the [[earth]], [[plant]], Soph.; σκηνὴν π. to [[pitch]] a [[tent]], Plat.; (so Mid., σκηνὰς [[πήξασθαι]] to [[pitch]] [[their]] tents, Hdt.):—intr. perf. and Pass., [[δόρυ]] δ' ἐν κραδίηι ἐπεπήγει the [[spear]] stuck [[fast]] in his [[heart]], Il.; ὀϊστοὶ πῆχθεν ἐν [[χροΐ]] Il.; [[ξίφος]] πέπηγεν ἐν γῆι Soph.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[stick]] or fix on, κεφαλὴν ἀνὰ σκολόπεσσι π. to [[stick]] the [[head]] on stakes, Il., etc.: —Pass., πηχθέντας [[μέλη]] ὀβελοῖσι having [[their]] limbs [[fixed]] on spits, Eur.; παγέντες [[impaled]], Aesch.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> to fix the eyes [[upon]] an [[object]], κατὰ χθονὸς ὄμματα π. Il.; ὄμματα [[πέπηγε]] πρός τι Plat.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to [[fasten]] [[together]], [[construct]], [[build]], [[νῆας]] [[πῆξαι]] Il.; so Mid., ἄμαξαν [[πήξασθαι]] to [[build]] [[oneself]] a wagon, Hes.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> to make [[solid]], [[stiff]], [[hard]], of liquids, to [[freeze]], θεὸς πήγνυσι πᾶν [[ῥέεθρον]] Aesch.; ἔπηξε (sc. ὁ θεὸς) τοὺς ποταμούς Ar.:—intr. perf. and Pass. to [[become]] [[solid]], [[stiff]] or [[hard]], [[γοῦνα]] πήγνυται the limbs [[stiffen]], Il.; of liquids, to [[become]] [[congealed]], [[freeze]], Hdt.; [[ἅλες]] πήγνυνται the [[salt]] crystallises, Hdt.; [[κρύσταλλος]] ἐπεπήγει οὐ [[βέβαιος]] was not [[frozen]] [[strong]], Thuc.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> metaph. to fix, Lat. pangere [[foedus]], intr. perf. and Pass. to be [[irrevocably]] [[fixed]], established, εἷς [[ὅρος]] [[ἡμῖν]] παγήσεται Thuc.; μὴ γὰρ ὡς θεῶι νομίζετ' ἐκείνωι τὰ παρόντα πεπηγέναι πράγματα ἀθάνατα Dem. | |||
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