ἀπό: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Aeol., Thess., Arc., Cypr. ἀπύ Sapph.44, cf. 78, <span class="bibl">Alc.33</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.28.16</span>,<span class="title">IG</span>12(2).6.45 (Mytil.), <b class="b3">ἀπυδόμεναι</b> ib.9(2).594 (Larissa), 5(2).6 (Tegea), etc.:—Prep. usually with Gen. but v. infr. B. (Cf. Skt. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">ápa</b>, Lat. <b class="b2">ab</b>, Umbr. <b class="b2">ap-ehtre</b> 'ab extra', Goth. <b class="b2">af</b>, OE. <b class="b2">af, cef, of</b>, etc.) Orig. sense, <b class="b2">from</b>. [ᾰπο?~X: where <b class="b3">ἀπο ¯</b> is found in Ep. before v or liquids (as ἀπὸ ἕθεν <span class="bibl">Il.6.62</span>, ἀπὸ νευρῆς <span class="bibl">11.664</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Sc.</span>409</span>) <b class="b3">ἀπαί</b> was sometimes written in later texts, cf. <span class="bibl">Eust. 625.11</span>:— ᾱ metri gr. in Ep. compds., such as <b class="b3">ἀπονέεσθαι.]</b> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> OF PLACE, the earliest, and in Hom. the prevailing sense: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> of Motion, <b class="b2">from, away from</b>, ἐσσεύοντο νεῶν ἄπο καὶ κλισιάων <span class="bibl">Il.2.208</span>; pleonastic, <b class="b3">ἀ. Τροίηθεν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">24.492</span>; ἀπ' οὐρανόθεν <span class="bibl">8.365</span> (later with Advbs., ἀπὸ ἔμπροσθεν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ec.</span>1.10</span>, etc.); strengthd., ἐκτὸς ἀ. κλισιης <span class="bibl">Il.10.151</span>; also <b class="b3">ἀπ' αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο</b>, implying <b class="b2">departure from</b> life, ib.<span class="bibl">24.725</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἐξ</b>, of relatively superficial motion, λαμβάνομεν οὔτε ἐκ τῆς γῆς οὐδέν, οὔτ' ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκιῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.7.2</span>; similarly of the cause or ground, ἐξ ὧν προηγώνισθε καὶ ἀφ' ὧν εἰκάζω <span class="bibl">Th.4.126</span>:— freq. of warriors fighting <b class="b2">from</b> chariots, etc., οἱ μὲν ἀφ' ἵππων, οἱ δ' ἀ. νηῶν . . μάχοντο <span class="bibl">Il.15.386</span>; ἀφ' ἵππων μάρνασθαι <span class="bibl">Od.9.49</span>; so ἡ μάχη ἦν ἀφ' ἵππων <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.79</span>; <b class="b3">λαμπὰς ἔσται ἀφ' ἵππων</b> <b class="b2">on</b> horse<b class="b2">back</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>328a</span>; ἀφ' ἵππου θηρεύειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.2.7</span>; ἀ. νεῶν πεζομαχεῖν <span class="bibl">Th. 7.62</span>; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶν αἰρόμενος τοὺς ἱστοὺς ἀ. τούτων ἐσκοπεῖτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span> 6.2.29</span>; <b class="b3">ὀμμάτων ἄπο . . κατέσταζον γένυν</b>, of tears, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>240</span>: joined with ἐκ, ἐκ Κορίνθου ἀ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of Position, <b class="b2">away from, far from</b>, μένων ἀ. ἧς ἀλόχοιο <span class="bibl">Il.2.292</span> (cf. <b class="b3">ἀπ' ἀνδρὸς εἶναι</b> to live <b class="b2">apart from</b> a man or husband, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">CG</span>4</span>); κεκρυμμένος ἀπ' ἄλλων <span class="bibl">Od.23.110</span>; μοῦνος ἀπ' ἄλλων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>193</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπ' ὀφθαλμῶν, ἀπ' οὔατος</b>, <b class="b2">far from</b> sight or hearing, <span class="bibl">Il.23.53</span>, <span class="bibl">18.272</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">22.454</span>; ἀ. θαλάσσης ᾠκίσθησαν <span class="bibl">Th.1.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">46</span>; αὐλίζεσθαι ἀ. τῶν ὅπλων <span class="bibl">Id.6.64</span>; ἀπ' οἴκου εἶναι <span class="bibl">Id.1.99</span>; <b class="b3">σπεύδειν ἀ. ῥυτῆρος</b> <b class="b2">far from</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">without using</b> the rein, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>900</span>; in Hom. freq. strengthd., <b class="b3">τῆλε ἀ.... νόσφιν ἀ. .</b>., <span class="bibl">Il.23.880</span>, <span class="bibl">5.322</span>; in measurement of distances, ὅσον ιέ στάδια ἀ. Φυλῆς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.4.4</span>, etc.; but later the numeral follows ἀ., πηγὰς ἔχων ἀ. μ σταδίων τῆς θαλάσσης <span class="bibl">D.S.4.56</span>; ἀ. σταδίων κ τῆς πόλεως <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phil.</span>4</span>; <b class="b3">κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἀ. ν σταδίων</b> fifty stades <b class="b2">away</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Oth.</span>11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.Chr.17.17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of the mind, <b class="b3">ἀ. θυμοῦ</b> <b class="b2">away from</b>, i. e. <b class="b2">alien from</b>, my heart, <span class="bibl">Il.1.562</span>; ἀ. δόξης <span class="bibl">10.324</span>; οὐ . . ἀ. σκοποῦ οὐδ' ἀ. δόξης <span class="bibl">Od.11.344</span>; ἀ. τοῦ ἀνθρωπείου τρόπου <span class="bibl">Th.1.76</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ἀ. τρόπου</b> not <b class="b2">without</b> reason, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>470b</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἀ. σκοποῦ, καιροῦ</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>179c</span>, <span class="bibl">187e</span>; οὐκ ἀ. γνώμης <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Tr.</span>389</span>; οὐκ ἀ. τοῦ πράγματος <span class="bibl">D.24.6</span>; μάλα πολλὸν ἀπ' ἐλπίδος ἔπλετο <span class="bibl">A.R.2.863</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> in pregnant sense, with Verbs of rest, previous motion being implied (cf. [[ἐκ]]), ἀνὰ δ' ἐβόασεν . . ἀ. πέτρας σταθείς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>523</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ.τῆς ἐμῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν [ἐκείνου] κεφαλὴν ἀναδήσω</b>, i. e. taking the chaplet <b class="b2">off</b> my head, and placing it on his, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>212e</span>: with Verbs of hanging, where <b class="b3">ἐκ</b> is more common, ἁψαμένη βρόχον ἀ. μελάθρου <span class="bibl">Od.11.278</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> with the Article, where the sense of motion often disappears, <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. τῶν οἰκιῶν φεύγουσιν</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">οἱ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις φεύγουσιν ἀπ' αὐτῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.23</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. τῶν πύργων . . ἐπαρήξουσι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">6.4.18</span>; αἴρειν τὰ ἀ. τῆς γῆς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>410b</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ ἵπποι αἱ ἀ. τοῦ ἅρματος</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.8</span>; ὁ Ἀθηναῖος ὁ ἀ. τοῦ στρατεύματος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.2.19</span>; τὸν ἀ. γραμμᾶς κινεῖ λίθον <span class="bibl">Theoc.6.18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> partitive, <b class="b3">λαχὼν ἀ. ληΐδος αἶσαν</b> part <b class="b2">taken</b> <b class="b2">from</b> the booty, a share <b class="b2">of</b> it, <span class="bibl">Od.5.40</span>; αἴρεσθαι ἀ. τῶν καλπίδων <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Lys.</span>539</span>; ἀ. ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι παίδων εἷς μοῦνος <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.27</span>; ὀλίγοι ἀ. πολλῶν <span class="bibl">Th.7.87</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>1023</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> Math., of figures described <b class="b2">upon</b> a base, κῶνον ἀναγράφειν ἀ. κύκλου <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Sph.Cyl.</span>1.19</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὸ ἀ. τῆς</b> AB <b class="b3">τετράγωνον</b> the square <b class="b2">on</b> AB, <span class="bibl">Euc.1.47</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">48</span>; <b class="b3">εἴδεα ἀ</b>. . . <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Spir.</span>10</span>,<span class="bibl">11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">ἀ. ἀνθρώπου ἕως γυναικός</b> man <b class="b2">and</b> woman, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">1 Es.</span>9.40</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. ἀρσενικοῦ ἕως θηλυκοῦ</b>ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>5.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">9</span> <b class="b2">from being, instead of</b>, ἀθανάταν ἀ. θνατᾶς . . ἐποίησας Βερενίκαν <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.106</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">10</span> privative, <b class="b2">free from, without</b>, ἀ. πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLips.</span>16.19</span> (ii A. D.); ἀ. ζημίας <span class="title">PTeb</span>420.4 (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> OF TIME, <b class="b2">from, after</b>, Hom. only in <span class="bibl">Il.8.54</span> <b class="b3">ἀ. δείπνου θωρήσσοντο</b> rising up <b class="b2">from</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">after</b>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.133</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. δείπνου εἶναι</b> or <b class="b3">γενέσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.126</span>, <span class="bibl">2.78</span>, <span class="bibl">5.18</span>, al.; ἀ. τοῦ σιτίου πίνειν <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Salubr.</span>5</span>; ἀ. τῶν σίτων διαπονεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span> 5.8</span>; in narrative, <b class="b3">τὸ ἀ. τούτου</b> or <b class="b3">το̄δε</b>, <b class="b2">from</b> this point <b class="b2">onwards</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.4</span>,<span class="bibl">2.99</span>; ἀ. τούτου τοῦ χρόνου <span class="bibl">Id.1.82</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.5.8</span>; τὸ ἀπ' ἐκείνου <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tox.</span>25</span>; ἡμέρῃ δεκάτῃ ἀφ' ἧς . . <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.14</span>, etc.; δευτέρῃ ἡμέρῃ ἀ. τῆς ἐμπρήσιος <span class="bibl">Id.8.55</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.7.18</span>, etc.; ἀφ' οὗ χρόνου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 1.2.13</span>; more often <b class="b3">ἀπ'</b> or <b class="b3">ἀφ' οὗ</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.44</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.18</span>, etc.; ἀφ' οὗπερ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>177</span>; ἀφ' ἧς <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pel.</span>15</span>; <b class="b3">εὐθὺς ἀ. παλαιοῦ, ἀ. τοῦ πάνυ ἀρχαίου</b>, <b class="b2">of</b> olden time, <span class="bibl">Th.1.2</span>,<span class="bibl">2.15</span>; ἀπ' ἀρχᾶς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.25</span>, etc.; ἀ. γενεᾶς <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.8</span>; <b class="b3">ἀφ' ἑσπέρας</b> <b class="b2">from the beginning of</b> evening, i.e. <b class="b2">at</b> eventide, <span class="bibl">Th.7.29</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. πρώτου ὕπνου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">43</span>; ἀ. μέσων νυκτῶν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>218</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπ' ἀγροῦ</b> <b class="b2">fresh from</b> field-work, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>15.21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.4</span>; ἀ. νουμηνίας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.6.23</span>; <b class="b3">χρονίζειν ἀ. τοῦ καιροῦ</b> tarry <b class="b2">beyond</b> the time, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">2 Ki.</span> 20.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τέλους ἐννέα μηνῶν</b> <b class="b2">at</b> the end of... ib.<span class="bibl">24.8</span>; γενόμενος ἀ. τῆς ἀρχῆς <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Caes.</span>5</span>: hence <b class="b3">ἀ. ἀγωνοθετῶν</b> an <b class="b3">εχ-ἀγωνοθέτης</b>, <span class="title">IG</span>3.398; ἀ. λογιστῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1103.3</span> (iv A. D.); <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. ὑπατείας</b>, = <b class="b2">consulares</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdn.7.1.9</span>, etc.; but <b class="b3">ἀ. τινος</b> the <b class="b2">freedman of .</b>., IG5(2).50.59(Tegea, ii A. D.), cf.ib.5(1).1391 (Andania), 1473. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> OF ORIGIN, CAUSE, etc.: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> of that <b class="b2">from</b> which one is born, <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ ἀ. δρυός ἐσσι οὐδ' ἀ. πέτρης</b> not <b class="b2">sprung from</b> oak or rock, <span class="bibl">Od.19.163</span>; γίγνονται δ' ἄρα ταί γ' ἔκ τε κρηνέων ἀ. τ' ἀλσέων <span class="bibl">10.350</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>415</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>571</span>, etc.: sts. <b class="b3">ἀπό</b> denotes remote, and <b class="b3">ἐκ</b> immediate, descent, τοὺς μὲν ἀ. θεῶν, τοὺς δ' ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν θεῶν γεγονότας <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.81</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.150</span>; πέμπτη ἀπ' αὐτοῦ γέννα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>853</span>; <b class="b3">τρίτος ἀ. Διός</b> third <b class="b2">in descent from</b> Zeus, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 391c</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. γένους τινός</b> his descendants, <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Them.</span>32</span>; Περσέως ἀφ' αἵματος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>509</span>: of the place one <b class="b2">springs from</b>, ἵπποι . . ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος <span class="bibl">Il.2.839</span>. cf. <span class="bibl">849</span>; Ἡρακλεῖδαι οἱ ἀ. Σπάρτης <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.114</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.89</span>, etc.; τοὺς ἀ. Φρυγίας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.5</span>, etc.:hence, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> metaph. of things, Χαρίτων ἄπο κάλλος ἔχουσαι <span class="bibl">Od.6.18</span>; <b class="b3">θεῶν ἄπο μήδεα εἰδώς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">12</span>; γάλα ἀ. βοός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>611</span>; μῆνις ἀφ' ἡμῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>314</span>; ἡ ἀφ' ὑμῶν τιμωρία <span class="bibl">Th.1.69</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ἀ. τῶν πολεμίων φόβος</b> fear <b class="b2">inspired by</b> the enemy, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.53</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> of persons, <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. τῆς χώρας, τῆς πόλεως</b>, country <b class="b2">folk</b>, towns<b class="b2">folk</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.2.6.8</span>, <span class="bibl">5.70.8</span>; and so of connexion with the founder or leader of a sect, οἱ ἀ. Πυθαγόρου <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span>14</span>; οἱ ἀ. Πλάτωνος <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Brut.</span>2</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. τοῦ περιπάτου, ἀ. τῆς Στοᾶς</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cont.</span> 6</span>; generally <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. φιλοσοφίας καὶ λόγων</b> philosophers and learned men, ibid.; <b class="b3">οἱ ἀ. σκηνῆς καὶ θεάτρου</b> stage players, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Sull.</span>2</span>; οἱ ἀ. τῆς βουλῆς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Caes.</span>10</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ ἀφ' ἑστίας παῖς</b>, v. [[ἑστία; ἀπ' ἐξωμίδος]] <b class="b2">with only</b> an <b class="b3">ἐξωμίς</b>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">P.</span>1.153</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of the material <b class="b2">from</b> or <b class="b2">of</b> which a thing is made, εἵματα ἀ. ξύλου πεποιημένα <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.65</span>; ἀπ' ὄμφακος τεύχειν οἶνον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>970</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>704</span>; ὅσσα ἀ. γλυκερῶ μέλιτος <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.117</span>; ἔνδυμα ἀ. τριχῶν καμήλου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>3.4</span>: hence <b class="b3">στέφανος ἀ. ταλάντων ἑξήκοντα</b> <b class="b2">of</b> or <b class="b2">weighing</b> <span class="bibl">60</span> talents, Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">D. 18.92</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.24.1.7</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>2.555.10, al.: hence of value, θύεν αἶγα ἀ. δραχμᾶν εἴκοσι <span class="title">GDI</span>3707 (Cos); κρᾶσις ἀ. τε τῆς ἡδονῆς συγκεκραμένη καὶ ἀ. τῆς λύπης <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>59a</span>; so, by an extension of this use, <b class="b3">εἰδεχθής τις ἀ. τοῦ προσώπου</b> ugly <b class="b2">of</b> countenance, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>28.4</span>; θῆλυν ἀ. χροιῆς <span class="bibl">Theoc.16.49</span>; σεμνὸς ἀ. τοῦ σχήματος <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DMort.</span>10.8</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of the instrument <b class="b2">from</b> or <b class="b2">by</b> which a thing is done, <b class="b3">τοὺς . . πέφνεν ἀπ' ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο</b> by arrow <b class="b2">shot from</b> silver bow, <span class="bibl">Il.24.605</span>; τόξου ἄπο κρατεροῦ ὀλέκοντα φάλαγγας <span class="bibl">8.279</span>; ἐμῆς ἀπὸ χειρός <span class="bibl">10.371</span>, <span class="bibl">11.675</span>; so ἀ. χειρὸς ἐργάζεσθαι μεγάλα <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>29</span>; <b class="b3">γυμνάζεσθαι ἀ. σκελῶν, χειρῶν, τραχήλου</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>5.9</span>; μάχεσθαι ἀ. ἄκοντος <span class="bibl">Str.17.3.7</span>; ἡ ἀ. τοῦ ξίφους μάχη <span class="bibl">D.S.5.29</span>; βάπτειν τὸν δάκτυλον ἀ. τοῦ αἵματος <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Le.</span>4.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> of the person <b class="b2">from</b> whom an act comes, i.e. <b class="b2">by</b> whom it is done, οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.14</span>; ζήτησιν ἀ. σφέων γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.2.54</span>; ἐπράχθη οὐδὲν ἀπ' αὐτῶν ἔργον ἀξιόλογον <span class="bibl">Th.1.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.61</span>; ἀ. τινος ὄνασθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>528a</span>, etc.; so <b class="b3">τἀπ' ἐμοῦ, τἀπὸ σοῦ</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>74</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1628</span>; τὰ ἀ. τῶν Ἀθηναίων <span class="bibl">Th.1.127</span>; in later Greek freq. of the direct agent, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.34.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.5.4.12</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.9.12</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>9.22</span>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>20.8.10</span>, etc.; in codd. this may sts. be due to confusion with <b class="b3">ὑπό</b>, but cf. <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.256, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span> 1185.26</span>(Aug.), <span class="title">SIG</span>820.8(Ephesus, i A. D.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> of the source <b class="b2">from</b> which life, power, etc., are sustained, ζῆν ἀπ' ὕλης ἀγρίης <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.203</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. κτήνεων καὶ ἰχθύων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">216</span>; ἀ. πολέμου <span class="bibl">Id.5.6</span>; ἀπ' ἐλαχίστων χρημάτων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.14</span>; ἀ. τῆς ἀγορᾶς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.1</span>; τρέφειν τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀ. τῶν νήσων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>4.8.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.99</span>; ἀ. τῶν κοινῶν πλουτεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>569</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.24.124</span>; ἀ. μικρῶν εὔνους . . γεγένησαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 788</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.18.102</span>; ἀφ' ὥρας ἐργάζεσθαι <b class="b2">quaestum corpore facere</b>, <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Tim.</span>14</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> of the cause, means, or occasion <b class="b2">from, by</b>, or <b class="b2">because of</b> which a thing is done, ἀ. τούτου κριοπρόσωπον τὤγαλμα τοῦ Διὸς ποιεῦσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.42</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τινος ἐπαινεῖσθαι, θαυμάζεσθαι, ὠφελεῖσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.25</span>,<span class="bibl">6.12</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.1.2</span>; ἀ. τῶν ξυμφορῶν διαβάλλεσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.5.17</span>; τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν ἀ. τινος <span class="bibl">Id.1.46</span>; ἀ. λῃστείας τὸν βίον ἔχειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 7.7.9</span>; ἀπ' αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων κρίνειν <span class="bibl">D.2.27</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦ πάθους</b> <b class="b2">in consequence of</b>... <span class="bibl">Th.4.30</span>; βλάπτειν τινὰ ἀ. τινος <span class="bibl">Id.7.29</span>; κατασκευάσαντα τὸ πλοῖον ἀφ' ὧν ὑπελάμβανε σωθήσεσθαι <span class="bibl">D.18.194</span>; <b class="b3">τρόπαιον ἀ. τινος εἱστήκει</b> <b class="b2">on occasion of</b> his defeat, <span class="bibl">Id.19.320</span>; <b class="b3">τλήμων οὖσ' ἀπ' εὐτόλμου</b> φρενός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1302</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1643</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. δικαιοσύνης</b> <b class="b2">by reason of</b> it (v. l. for [[ὑπό]]), <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.164</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τῶν αὐτῶν λημμάτων</b> <b class="b2">on</b> the same <b class="b2">scale of</b> profits, <span class="bibl">D.3.34</span>, etc.; for <b class="b3">ὅσον ἀ. βοῆς ἕνεκα</b>, v. [[ἕνεκα]]: hence in half adverbial usages, <b class="b3">ἀ. σπουδῆς</b> in earnest, eagerly, <span class="bibl">Il.7.359</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦἴσου, ἀ. τῆς ἴσης</b>, or <b class="b3">ἀπ' ἴσης</b>, equally, <span class="bibl">Th.1.99</span>,<span class="bibl">15</span>, <span class="bibl">D.14.6</span>, etc.; ἀπ' ὀρθῆς καὶ δικαίας τῆς ψυχῆς <span class="bibl">Id.18.298</span>; ἀ. ἀντιπάλου παρασκευῆς <span class="bibl">Th.1.91</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦ προφανοῦς</b> openly, ib.<span class="bibl">35</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦ εὐθέος</b> straightforwardly, <span class="bibl">Id.3.43</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦ αὐτομάτου</b> <b class="b2">of</b> free-will, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>323c</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. γλώσσης</b> <b class="b2">by</b> word of mouth, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.123</span> (but also, <b class="b2">from</b> hearsay, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>813</span>); ἀ. στόματος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142d</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπ' ὄψεως</b> <b class="b2">at</b> sight, <span class="bibl">Lys.16.19</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. χειρὸς λογίζεσθαι</b> <b class="b2">on</b> your fingers, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>656</span>; πεύθομαι δ' ἀπ' ὀμμάτων νόστον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 988</span>; <b class="b3">ὀμμάτων ἄπο</b> <b class="b2">in</b> the public gaze, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>216</span>; ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου ἄρχοντας καθίστασθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.9</span>; ἡ βουλὴ ἡ ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου <span class="bibl">Th.8.66</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>1.9; τοὺς ἀ. τοῦ κυάμου δισχιλίους ἄνδρας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>24.3</span>; <b class="b3">τριηράρχους αἱρεῖσθαι ἀ. τῆς οὐσίας</b> Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.106</span>; <b class="b3">ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ</b> <b class="b2">from</b> oneself, <b class="b2">on</b> one's own <b class="b2">account</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.6</span>, etc.; ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ γνώμης <span class="bibl">Id.4.68</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. συνθήματος, ἀ. παραγγέλματος</b>, <b class="b2">by</b> agreement, <b class="b2">by</b> word of command, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.74</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.99</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. σάλπιγγος</b> <b class="b2">by sound of</b> trumpet, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>3.12</span> (s.v.l.); <b class="b3">ἐπίτροπος ἀ. τῶν λόγων</b>, = Lat. <b class="b2">procurator a rationibus, Ann.Epigr.</b>.<span class="bibl">1913.143a</span> (Ephesus, ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> of the object spoken of, <b class="b3">τὰ ἀ. τῆς νήσου οἰκότα ἐστί</b> the things <b class="b2">told from</b> or <b class="b2">of</b> the island... <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.195</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">54</span>, <span class="bibl">7.195</span>; νόμος κείμενος ἀ. τῶν τεχνῶν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>762</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> in Arc., Cypr., <b class="b3">ἀπύ</b> takes dat., <b class="b3">ἀπὺ τᾷ [ἁμέρᾳ</b>] <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).6 (Tegea); ἀπὺ τᾷ ζᾷ <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>135.8 H. (Idalion). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in later Greek <b class="b3">ἀπό</b> is found c. acc., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>1.124.30</span> (iv/v A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">C</span> in Hom. frequent with Verbs in tmesi, as <span class="bibl">Il.5.214</span>, etc., and sts. in Prose, as <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.89</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">D</span> IN COMPOS.: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">asunder</b>, as <b class="b3">ἀποκόπτω, ἀπολύω, ἀποτέμνω</b>: and hence, <b class="b2">away, off</b>, as <b class="b3">ἀποβάλλω, ἀποβαίνω;</b> denoting, <b class="b2">remoual</b> of an accusation, as <b class="b3">ἀπολογέομαι, ἀποψηφίζομαι</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">finishing off, completing</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπεργάζομαι, ἀπανδρόω, ἀπανθρωπίζω, ἀπογλαυκόω</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">ceasing from, leaving off</b>, as <b class="b3">ἀπαλγέω, ἀποκηδεύω, ἀπολοφύρομαι, ἀποζέω, ἀπανθίζω, ἀφυβρίζω</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">back again</b>, as <b class="b3">ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπολαμβάνω, ἀπόπλους</b>: also, <b class="b2">in full</b>, or <b class="b2">what is one's own</b>, as <b class="b3">ἀπέχω, ἀπολαμβάνω</b>: freq. it only strengthens the sense of the simple. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">by way of abuse</b>, as in <b class="b3">ἀποκαλέω</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> almost = [[ἀ-]] priv.; sts. with Verbs, as <b class="b3">ἀπαυδάω, ἀπαγορεύω;</b> more freq. with Adjectives, as <b class="b3">ἀποχρήματος, ἀπότιμος, ἀπόσιτος, ἀπόφονος</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">E</span> <b class="b3">ἄπο</b>, by anastrophe for <b class="b3">ἀπό</b>, when it follows its Noun, as ὀμμάτων ἄπο <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1231</span>, etc.; never in Prose. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἄπο</b> for <b class="b3">ἄπεστι</b>, <span class="bibl">Semon.1.20</span>, <span class="bibl">Timocr.9</span>.</span>