ὕβρις: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ by nature, ῡ by position in Ep. etc.], ἡ, gen. εως <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span> 425</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>465</span> (lyr.), εος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pl.</span>1044</span>, <span class="bibl">Eub.67.9</span>, Ep. and Ion. ιος <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 217</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.189</span>:—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">wanton violence</b>, arising from the pride of strength or from passion, [[insolence]], [[hubris]], freq. in Od., mostly of the suitors, μνηστήρων, τῶν ὕ. τε βίη τε σιδήρεον οὐρανὸν ἵκει <span class="bibl">15.329</span>, <span class="bibl">17.565</span>; μνηστῆρες ὑπέρβιον ὕ. ἔχοντες <span class="bibl">1.368</span>, <span class="bibl">4.321</span>; λίην γὰρ ἀτάσθαλον ὕ. ἔχουσι <span class="bibl">16.86</span>, cf.Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>27.10; ὕβρει εἴξαντες <span class="bibl">Od.14.262</span>, <span class="bibl">17.431</span>; <b class="b3">θεοὶ . . ἀνθρώπων ὕβριν τε καὶ εὐνομίην ἐφορῶντες</b> ib.<span class="bibl">487</span>; δίκη ὑπὲρ ὕβριος ἴσχει Hes. l.c., cf. <span class="bibl">Archil.88</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.394 (vi B. C.), 42(1).122.98 (Epid., iv B. C.); joined with <b class="b3">ὀλιγωρίη</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.106</span>; δυσσεβίας μὲν ὕβρις τέκος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>533</span> (lyr.); ἐπιθυμίας . . ἀρξάσης ἐν ἡμῖν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὕ. ἐπωνομάσθη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> 238a</span>; in Poets freq. joined with <b class="b3">κόρος</b> (v. <b class="b3">κόρος</b> (A) <span class="bibl">2</span>): predicated of actions, ἆρ' οὐχ ὕβρις τάδ'; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>883</span>; ταῦτ' οὐχ ὕβρις δῆτ' ἐστίν; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1299</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>21</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>886</span>; ὕβρις τάδ' ἐστί, κρείσσω δαιμόνων εἶναι θέλειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>474</span>; <b class="b3">ὕβρει</b> <b class="b2">in wantonness</b> or <b class="b2">insolence</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>881</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>26e</span>; ἐφ' ὕβρει <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1581</span>, <span class="bibl">D.21.38</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>462.9</span> (iii B. C.), etc.; δι' ὕβριν <span class="bibl">D.21.42</span>; διὰ τὴν ὕ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.2.10</span>; πρὸς ὕβριν <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Alc.</span>37</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">lust, lewdness</b>, opp. <b class="b3">σωφροσύνη</b>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.379</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 8.4.14</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of animals, <b class="b2">violence</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.189</span>; ὕβρις ὀρθία κνωδάλων <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>10.36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>1.50</span> (v. ὑβρίζω <span class="bibl">1.2</span>); ἡ ἐκ τοῦ χαλινοῦ ὕ. <span class="bibl">D.Chr.63.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> = [[ὕβρισμα]], <b class="b2">an outrage</b> (though it is freq. difficult to separate this concrete sense from the abstract), <span class="bibl">Il.1.203</span>, <span class="bibl">214</span>; ὕβριν τεῖσαι <span class="bibl">Od. 24.352</span>; ὑπὸ γυναικὸς ἄρχεσθαι ὕ. ἐσχάτη <span class="bibl">Democr.111</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Xenoph.1.17</span>: sts., like [[ὑβρίζω]], folld. by a Prep., <b class="b3">Ἥρας μητέρ' εἰς ἐμὴν ὕβρις</b> her <b class="b2">outrage</b> towards... <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>9</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ κατ' Ἀργείων</b> (<b class="b3">-ους</b> codd.Priscian.) ὕ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>368</span>; ἡ πρὸς τοὺς δημότας ὕ. <span class="bibl">Hdn.2.4.1</span>: c. gen. objecti, <b class="b3">ὕ. τινός</b> towards him, <span class="bibl">Id.1.8.4</span>, etc.: pl., <b class="b2">wanton acts, outrages</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>146</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>247</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HF</span>741</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>884a</span>, etc.:—for <b class="b3">ὕβριν ὑβρίζειν</b>, cf. ὑβρίζω <span class="bibl">11.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">an outrage on the person</b>, esp. <b class="b2">violation, rape</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys. 1.2</span>, etc.; παίδων ὕβρεις καὶ γυναικῶν αἰσχύνας <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.114</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.6.8.5</span>; τὴν ὕ. τὴν εἰς τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σῶμα <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.116</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν τοῦ σώματος ὕβριν πεπρακώς</b> ib.188; so <b class="b3">τὸ σῶμα ἐφ' ὕβρει πεπρακώς</b> ib.29; γυναῖκας ἤγαγε δεῦρ' ἐφ' ὕβρει <span class="bibl">D.19.309</span>; γυναικῶν ὕβρεις ἢ εἰς αὑτοὺς ἢ εἰς υἱεῖς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1373a35</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in Law, a term covering all <b class="b2">the more serious injuries done to the person</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.20.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 1.15</span>, <span class="bibl">D.37.33</span>, <span class="bibl">45.4</span>; see esp. D.21 (against Meidias); <b class="b3">ὁ τῆς ὕβρεως νόμος</b> ib.35 (the text is given ib.47); δίκη ὕβρεως ἢ πληγῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHal.</span>1.115</span> (iii B. C.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.32.8</span> (iii B. C.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> used of <b class="b2">a loss by sea</b>, Pi. (v. <b class="b3">ναυσίστονος</b>), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>27.21</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> as masc., = [[ὑβριστής]], <b class="b2">a violent, overbearing man</b>, κακῶν ῥεκτῆρα καὶ ὕβριν ἀνέρα <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>191</span>.</span>

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{{mdlsj

|mdlsjtxt=<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[wantonness]], [[wanton]] [[violence]] or [[insolence]], Od., Hdt., etc.; of actions, ἆρ' οὐχ [[ὕβρις]] τάδ'; Soph.; ταῦτ' οὐχ [[ὕβρις]] [[ἐστί]]; Ar.:—adv. usages, ὕβρει in [[wantonness]] or [[insolence]], Soph.; ἐφ' ὕβρει Eur.; δι' ὕβριν Dem.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of [[lewdness]], opp. to [[σωφροσύνη]]. Theogn., Xen.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> of [[over]]-fed horses, riotousness, [[restiveness]], Hdt., Pind.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> = [[ὕβρισμα]], Hom.; [[sometimes]] like [[ὑβρίζω]], foll. by a prep., Ἥρας μητέρ' εἰς ἐμὴν [[ὕβρις]] her [[outrage]] [[towards]] . . , Eur.; ἡ κατ' Ἀργείους ὕ. Soph.; ἡ πρὸς τοὺς δημότας ὕ. Hdt.; also c. gen. objecti, ὕ. τινός [[towards]] him, Hdt., etc.:—in pl. [[wanton]] acts, outrages, Hes., Eur., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> an [[outrage]] on the [[person]], [[violation]], Pind., [[attic]]<br /><b class="num">3.</b> in [[attic]] law, [[ὕβρις]] comprehended all the [[more]] [[serious]] injuries done to the [[person]], [[grievous]] [[assault]], the slighter [[kind]] [[being]] [[αἰκία]] [ῑ]: [[hence]] [[ὕβρις]] was remedied by [[public]] [[indictment]] ([[γραφή]]), [[αἰκία]] by [[private]] [[action]] (δίκἠ.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> a [[loss]], [[damage]], NTest.<br />B. as masc. = [[ὑβριστής]], a [[violent]], [[overbearing]] man, ὕβριν ἀνέρα Hes.

|btext=εως (ἡ) :<br />tout ce qui dépasse la mesure, excès, <i>d’où</i><br /><b>I.</b> <i>comme sentiment</i>;<br /><b>1</b> orgueil, insolence : ὕβριν [[τῖσαι]] OD expier son orgueil, sa témérité ; ὕβρει, ἐφ’ ὕβρει par orgueil ; [[αἱ]] ὕβρεις pensées <i>ou</i> actions orgueilleuses;<br /><b>2</b> fougue, ardeur excessive, impétuosité, emportement : ὅθιπερ [[πάρος]] ὕβριν [[ἔχεσκον]] OD là où auparavant ils exerçaient leur insolence ; ὕβρει εἶξαι OD s’abandonner à sa violence ; [[ὕβρις]] οἴνου ÉL bouillonnement <i>ou</i> fermentation du vin ; <i>en gén.</i> tout excès ; acte de désespoir;<br /><b>II.</b> <i>comme action</i> mauvais traitement, outrage, insulte, injure, sévices ; <i>particul.</i> violence sur une femme <i>ou</i> sur un enfant : ὕβρεως [[δίκη]] <i>ou</i> [[γραφή]] procès pour sévices.<br />'''Étymologie:''' [[ὑπέρ]].

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==Wikipedia FR==

L’hybris, ou hubris, du grec ancien ὕϐρις / hybris, est une notion grecque qui se traduit souvent par « démesure ». C'est un sentiment violent inspiré des passions, particulièrement de l'orgueil. Les Grecs lui opposaient la tempérance et la modération. Dans la Grèce antique, l’hybris était considérée comme un crime. Elle recouvrait des violations comme les voies de fait, les agressions sexuelles et le vol de propriété publique ou sacrée. On en trouve deux exemples bien connus : les deux discours de Démosthène, Contre Midias et le Contre Conon. C'est la tentation de démesure ou de folie imprudente des hommes, tentés de rivaliser avec les dieux. Cela vaut en général de terribles punitions de la part de ces derniers.