in: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>in</b>: ([[before]]<br /><b>I</b> b and p, im; [[before]] l, m, and r, the n assimilates itself to these [[consonants]]), an [[inseparable]] [[particle]] [[kindred]] [[with]] Sanscr. a-, an-; Gr. ἀ-, ἀν;> Goth. and Germ. un-], [[which]] negatives the [[meaning]] of the [[noun]] or participle [[with]] [[which]] it is [[connected]]; Engl. un-, in-, not: [[impar]], [[unequal]]: [[intolerabilis]], [[unbearable]], [[intolerable]]: [[immitis]], not [[mild]], [[rude]], etc.<br /><b>in</b>: (old forms endŏ and indŭ, freq. in [[ante]]-[[class]]. poets; cf. Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4; id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2; Lucil. ap. Lact. 5, 9, 20; Lucr. 2, 1096; 5, 102; 6, 890 et saep.), prep. [[with]] abl. and acc. [kindr. [[with]] Sanscr. an; Greek ἐν, ἐν-θα, ἐν-θεν, εἰς,> i. e. ἐν-ς, ἀνά;> Goth. ana; Germ. in], denotes [[either]] [[rest]] or [[motion]] [[within]] or [[into]] a [[place]] or [[thing]]; opp. to ex;<br /><b>I</b> in, [[within]], on, [[upon]], [[among]], at; [[into]], to, [[towards]].<br /><b>I</b> With abl.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In [[space]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Lit., in ([[with]] abl. of the [[place]] or [[thing]] in [[which]]): aliorum [[fructus]] in [[terra]] est, aliorum et [[extra]], Plin. 19, 4, 22, § 61: alii in corde, alii in cerebr?*! dixerunt animi esse sedem et locum, Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19: eo in rostris sedente suasit Serviliam legem [[Crassus]], id. Brut. 43, 161: qui sunt cives in [[eadem]] re publica, id. Rep. 1, 32 fin.: facillimam in ea re publica esse concordiam, in [[qua]] [[idem]] conducat omnibus, id. ib.: T. [[Labienus]] ex [[loco]] superiore, quae res in nostris castris gererentur, conspicatus, Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4: [[quod]] si in [[scaena]], id est in contione [[verum]] valet, etc., Cic. Lael. 26, 97: in [[foro]] [[palam]] Syracusis, id. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81: [[plures]] in eo [[loco]] [[sine]] vulnere [[quam]] in [[proelio]] aut [[fuga]] intereunt, Caes. B. C. 2, 35: tulit de caede, quae in [[Appia]] via facta esset, Cic. Mil. 6, 15: in via fornicata, Liv. 22, 36: vigebat in [[illa]] [[domo]] mos [[patrius]] et [[disciplina]], Cic. de Sen. 11, 37: in [[domo]] [[furtum]] [[factum]] ab eo qui domi fuit, Quint. 5, 10, 16: [[nupta]] in [[domo]], Liv. 6, 34, 9: copias in castris [[continent]], in, [[within]], Caes. B. C. 1, 66: cum in [[angusto]] quodam [[pulpito]] stans diceret, Quint. 11, 3, 130: se ac suos in vehiculo conspici, Liv. 5, 40, 10: [[malo]] in [[illa]] tua [[sedecula]] sedere, [[quam]] in istorum [[sella]] curuli, Cic. Att. 4, 10: sedere in solio, id. Fin. 2, 21, 66: Albae constiterant, in urbe opportuna, id. Phil. 4, 2, 6. — Sometimes, also, [[with]] names of places: omnes se [[ultro]] sectari in Epheso memorat mulieres, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 182: [[heri]] [[aliquot]] adolescentuli coïimus in Piraeo, Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 1: [[navis]] et in Cajeta est parata nobis et Brundisii, Cic. Att. 8, 3, 6: [[complures]] (naves) in Hispali faciendas curavit, Caes. B. C. 2, 18: caesos in Marathone ac Salamine, Quint. 12, 10, 24: in [[Berenice]] urbe Troglodytarum, Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 183.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In indicating a [[multitude]] or [[number]], of, in, or [[among]] [[which]] a [[person]] or [[thing]] is, in, [[among]] (= gen. [[part]].): in his poëta hic [[nomen]] profitetur suum, Ter. Eun. prol. 3: [[Thales]], qui sapientissimus in [[septem]] fuit, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 26: [[peto]] ut eum complectare, diligas, in tuis habeas, id. Fam. 13, 78, 2; cf.: in perditis et desperatis, id. ib. 13, 56, 1: omnia quae [[secundum]] naturam fiunt, sunt habenda in bonis, id. de Sen. 19, 71: [[dolor]] in maximis malis ducitur, id. Leg. 1, 11, 31: justissimus [[unus]] in [[Teucris]], Verg. A. 2, 426: cecidere in [[pugna]] ad duo milia ... in his quatuor Romani centuriones, Liv. 27, 12, 16: in diis et feminae sunt, Lact. 1, 16, 17.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[analogous]] relations of [[place]] or [[position]]: sedere in equo, on [[horseback]], id. Verr. 2, 5, 10: [[quid]] legati in equis, id. Pis. 25, 60: sedere in leone, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 109: in eo flumine [[pons]] erat, on, [[over]], Caes. B. G. 2, 5: in herboso Apidano, on the banks of, Prop. 1, 3, 6: in digitis, on tiptoe, Val. Fl. 4, 267: [[castra]] in limite locat, on the [[rampart]], Tac. A. 1, 50: [[ipse]] coronam habebat unam in capite, alteram in collo, on, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27: oleae in arbore, Cels. 2, 24: Caesaris in barbaris erat [[nomen]] obscurius, [[among]], Caes. B. C. 1, 61: in ceteris nationibus, Cels. praef. 1: qui in Brutiis praeerat, Liv. 25, 16, 7: in juvenibus, Quint. 11, 1, 32: [[nutus]] in mutis pro sermone est, id. 11, 3, 66.—Of [[dress]], [[like]] cum, q. v.: in veste candida, Liv. 45, 20, 5; 34, 7, 3: in calceis, id. 24, 38, 2: in insignibus, id. 5, 41, 2: in tunicis albis, Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 13: in Persico et vulgari habitu, Curt. 3, 3, 4: in lugubri veste, id. 10, 5, 17: in Tyriis, Ov. A. A. 2, 297: in Cois, id. ib. v. 298; cf.: homines in catenis Romam mittere, Liv. 29, 21, 12; 32, 1, 8: [[quis]] [[multa]] te in [[rosa]] urget, etc., Hor C. 1, 5, 1; so, in [[viola]] aut in [[rosa]], Cic. Tusc. 5, 26, 73.—So of [[arms]]: duas legiones in armis, Caes. B. G. 7, 11, 6; cf. Verg. A. 3, 395: in armis [[hostis]], under [[arms]], Ov. M. 12,65: quae in [[ore]] [[atque]] in oculis provinciae [[gesta]] sunt (= [[coram]]), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81; so, in oculis provinciae, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 2: in oculis omnium, id. ib. 1, 3, 7: [[divitiae]], [[decus]], [[gloria]] in oculis sita sunt, Sall. C. 20, 14; Curt. 4, 13, 1; Liv. 22, 12, 6: Julianus in [[ore]] ejus (Vitellii) jugulatur, Tac. H. 3, 77; Sen. Ben. 7, 19, 7.—Of a [[passage]] in [[any]] [[writing]] ([[but]] [[when]] the [[author]] is named, by meton., for his works, [[apud]] is used, Krebs, Antibarb. p. 561): in populorum institutis aut legibus, Cic. Leg. 1, 15, 42: in illis libris qui sunt de [[natura]] deorum, id. Fat. 1, 1: in Timaeo dicit, id. N. D. 1, 12, 30: [[epistula]], in [[qua]] omnia perscripta erant, Nep. Pelop. 3, 2: perscribit in litteris, hostes ab se discessisse, Caes. B. G. 5, 49; [[but]] in is also used [[with]] an [[author]]'s [[name]] [[when]], not a [[place]] in his [[book]], [[but]] a [[feature]] of his [[style]], etc., is referred to: in Thucydide orbem [[modo]] orationis [[desidero]], Cic. Or. 71, 234: in Herodoto omnia [[leniter]] fluunt, Quint. 9, 4, 18.—Of books: libri oratorii diu in manibus fuerunt, Cic. Att. 4, 13, 2; id. Lael. 25, 96; [[but]] [[more]] freq. trop.: in manibus habere, [[tenere]], etc., to be [[engaged]], [[occupied]] [[with]], to [[have]] under [[control]] or [[within]] [[reach]]: philosophi quamcunque rem habent in manibus, id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18: [[quam]] spem [[nunc]] habeat in manibus, exponam, id. Verr. 1, 6, 16: rem habere in manibus, id. Att. 6, 3, 1; cf.: [[neque]] mihi in manu fuit [[Jugurtha]] [[qualis]] foret, in my [[power]], Sall. J. 14, 4: [[postquam]] [[nihil]] esse in manu sua respondebatur, Liv. 32, 24, 2: [[quod]] ipsorum in manu [[sit]], ... [[bellum]] an pacem malint, Tac. A. 2, 46; [[but]], cum [[tantum]] belli in manibus esset, [[was]] in [[hand]], busied (cf.: [[inter]] [[manus]]), Liv. 4, 57, 1; so, quorum epistulas in manu [[teneo]], Cic. Phil. 12, 4, 9; cf. id. Att. 2, 2, 2: in manu [[poculum]] tenens, id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71: coronati et lauream in manu tenentes, Liv. 40, 37, 3; Suet. Claud. 15 fin.—Of [[that]] [[which]] is [[thought]] of as existing in the [[mind]], [[memory]], [[character]], etc.: in [[animo]] esse, Cic. Fam. 14, 11: in [[animo]] habere, id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52: lex est [[ratio]] insita in [[natura]], id. Leg. 1, 6, 18: in [[memoria]] sedere, id. de Or. 2, 28, 122; cf.: [[tacito]] mutos volvunt in pectore [[questus]], Luc. 1, 247: quanta [[auctoritas]] fuit in C. Metello! Cic. de Sen. 17, 61. —So freq. of a [[person]]'s qualities of [[mind]] or [[character]]: erat in eo [[summa]] [[eloquentia]], [[summa]] [[fides]], Cic. Mur. 28, 58; cf.: in omni animante est summum aliquid [[atque]] optimum, ut in equis, id. Fin. 4, 41, 37: si [[quid]] artis in medicis est, Curt. 3, 5, 13; cf.: nibil esse in morte timendum, Lucr. 3, 866.— Esp., in eo [[loco]], in [[that]] [[state]] or [[condition]]: in eo [[enim]] [[loco]] res sunt nostrae, ut, etc., Liv. 7, 35, 7: si vos in eo [[loco]] essetis, [[quid]] aliud fecissetis? Cat. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 21; so, quo in [[loco]], etc.: cum ex equitum et calonum [[fuga]], quo in [[loco]] res essent, cognovissent, Caes. B. G. 2, 26: videtis, quo in [[loco]] res haec siet, Ter Phorm. 2, 4, 6: [[quod]] [[ipse]], si in [[eodem]] [[loco]] esset, facturus fuerit, Liv. 37, 14, 5.—Hence, [[without]] [[loco]], in eo esse ut, etc., to be in [[such]] a [[condition]], etc.: non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut Galliam armis obtineant, Liv. 30, 19, 3: cum res non in eo esset, ut Cyprum tentaret, id. 33, 41, 9; 8, 27, 3; 2, 17, 5; Nep. Mil. 7, 3; id. Paus. 5, 1 (cf. I. C. 1. [[infra]]).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In [[time]], indicating its [[duration]], in, [[during]], in the [[course]] of: feci ego [[istaec]] [[itidem]] in [[adulescentia]], in my [[youth]], [[when]] I [[was]] [[young]], Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 6: in tempore hoc, Ter. And. 4, 5, 24: in hoc tempore, Tac. A. 13, 47: in tali tempore, Sall. C. 48, 5; Liv. 22, 35; 24, 28 al.: in diebus paucis, Ter. And. 1, 1, 77: in brevi spatio, id. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Vesp. 4: in [[qua]] aetate, Cic. Brut. 43 fin.: in ea aetate, Liv. 1, 57: in omni aetate, Cic. de Sen. 3, 9: in aetate, [[qua]] jam [[Alexander]] orbem terrarum subegisset, Suet. Caes. 7: [[qua]] (sc. [[Iphigenia]]) [[nihil]] erat in eo [[quidem]] [[anno]] natum pulchrius, in the [[course]] of, [[during]] the [[year]], Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95 (al. eo [[quidem]] [[anno]]): [[nihil]] in [[vita]] se [[simile]] fecisse, id. Verr. 2, 3, 91: [[nihil]] in [[vita]] vidit calamitatis A. [[Cluentius]]. id. Clu. 6, 18: in tota [[vita]] [[inconstans]], id. Tusc. 4, 13, 29.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> In tempore, at the [[right]] or [[proper]] [[time]], in [[time]] (Cic. uses [[only]] tempore; v. [[tempus]]): [[eccum]] ipsum [[video]] in tempore huc se recipere, Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 24: ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent, Liv. 33, 5: spreta in tempore [[gloria]] [[interdum]] cumulatior redit, id. 2, 47: rebellaturi, Tac. A. 12, 50: [[atque]] [[adeo]] in ipso tempore [[eccum]] ipsum [[obviam]], Ter. And. 3, 2, 52: in tempore, [[opportune]]. Nos [[sine]] praepositione dicimus tempore et [[tempori]], [[Don]]. ad Ter. And. 4, 4, 19.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> In [[praesentia]] and in praesenti, at [[present]], [[now]], at this [[moment]], under these circumstances: sic [[enim]] mihi in [[praesentia]] occurrit, Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 14: vestrae [[quidem]] cenae non [[solum]] in [[praesentia]], sed [[etiam]] [[postero]] [[die]] jucundae sunt, id. ib. 5, 35, 100: id [[quod]] unum [[maxime]] in [[praesentia]] desiderabatur, Liv. 21, 37: haec ad te in praesenti scripsi, ut, etc., for the [[present]], Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> With gerunds and fut. [[pass]]. participles, to [[indicate]] [[duration]] of [[time]], in: [[fit]], ut distrahatur in deliberando [[animus]], Cic. Off. 1, 3, 9; id. Fam. 2, 6, 2: vitiosum esse in dividendo partem in genere numerare, id. Fin. 2, 9, 26: [[quod]] in litteris dandis [[praeter]] consuetudinem proxima nocte vigilarat, id. Cat. 3, 3, 6: ne in quaerendis suis pugnandi [[tempus]] dimitteret, Caes. B. G. 2, 21: in agris vastandis incendiisque faciendis hostibus, in laying [[waste]], id. ib. 5, 19: in excidenda [[Numantia]], Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76: cum in immolanda [[Iphigenia]] [[tristis]] [[Calchas]] esset, id. Or. 21, 74.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> In [[other]] relations, [[where]] a [[person]] or [[thing]] is [[thought]] of as in a [[certain]] [[condition]], [[situation]], or [[relation]], in: qui magno in aere [[alieno]] majores [[etiam]] possessiones habent, Cic. Cat. 2, 8, 18: se in insperatis repentinisque pecuniis jactare, id. Cat. 2, 9, 20: [[Larinum]] in summo timore omnium cum armatis advolavit, id. Clu. 8, 25.— So freq., of qualities or states of [[mind]]: [[summa]] in sollicitudine ac timore Parthici belli, Caes. B. C. 3, 31: torpescentne dextrae in [[amentia]] [[illa]]? Liv. 23, 9, 7: hunc diem perpetuum in [[laetitia]] degere, Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 2: in metu, Tac. A. 14, 43: in voluptate, Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 62: alicui in amore esse, [[beloved]], id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3: alicui in amoribus esse, id. Att. 6, 1, 12: res in [[invidia]] erat, Sall. J. 25, 5; Liv. 29, 37, 17: [[sum]] in expectatione omnium rerum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 10: num . . . Diogenem Stoicum coëgit in suis studiis obmutescere [[senectus]]? in his studies, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21: mirificam cepi voluptatem ex tua [[diligentia]]: [[quod]] in summis tuis occupationibus mihi [[tamen]] rei publicae statum per te notum esse voluisti, [[even]] in, [[notwithstanding]] [[your]] [[great]] occupations, id. Fam. 3, 11, 4.— So freq., of [[business]], [[employment]], occupations, etc.: in [[aliqua]] re versari, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105: similia iis, quae in consilio dixerat, Curt. 5, 5, 23: in certamine armorum [[atque]] in omni [[palaestra]] [[quid]] [[satis]] recte cavetur, Quint. 9, 4, 8: agi in judiciis, id. 11, 1, 78: tum vos mihi essetis in consilio, Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28: in actione ... dicere, Quint. 8, 2, 2.—Of an [[office]], [[magistracy]]: in quo tum magistratu [[forte]] [[Brutus]] erat, Liv. 1, 59, 7; 4, 17, 1: in eo magistratu pari [[diligentia]] se praebuit, Nep. Han. 7, 5 (cf. B. 1. [[supra]]): in ea ipsa [[causa]] fuit eloquentissimus, Cic. Brut, 43, 160: qui non defendit nec obsistit, si potest, injuriae, tam est in [[vitio]], [[quam]], etc., is in the [[wrong]], acts [[wrongly]], id. Off. 1, 7, 23: [[etsi]] hoc [[quidem]] est in [[vitio]], dissolutionem naturae tam [[valde]] perhorrescere, is [[wrong]], id. Fin. 5, 11, 31: non sunt in eo genere tantae commoditates corporis, id. ib. 4, 12, 29; cf.: an [[omnino]] nulla [[sit]] in eo genere [[distinctio]], id. Or. 61, 205: [[Drusus]] erat de praevaricatione [[absolutus]] in [[summa]] quatuor sententiis, on the [[whole]], Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16; cf.: et in omni [[summa]], ut mones, [[valde]] me ad [[otium]] pacemque [[converto]], id. ib. 3, 5, 5; [[but]], in [[summa]], sic [[maxime]] judex [[credit]], etc., in a [[word]], in [[fine]], Quint. 9, 2, 72; Auct. B. Alex. 71; Just. 37, 1, 8: horum (juvenum) [[inductio]] in parte [[simulacrum]] decurrentis [[exercitus]] erat: ex parte elegantioris exercitii [[quam]] [[militaris]] artis, in [[part]], Liv. 44, 9, 5; cf.: [[quod]] mihi in parte [[verum]] videtur, Quint. 2, 8, 6: patronorum in parte expeditior, in parte difficilior [[interrogatio]] est, id. 5, 7, 22: hoc facere in eo homine consueverunt, in the [[case]] of, Caes. B. G. 7, 21: in furibus aerarii, Sall. C. 52, 12: [[Achilles]] [[talis]] in hoste fuit, Verg. A. 2, 540: in hoc homine [[saepe]] a me quaeris, etc., in the [[case]] of, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 6: in nominibus impiis, Sall. C. 51, 15: [[suspectus]] et in morte matris fuit, Suet. Vit. 14: qui praesentes metuunt, in [[absentia]] hostes erunt, = absentes, Curt. 6, 3, 8 (cf. I. B. c. [[supra]]).—Of the [[meaning]] of words, etc.: non [[solum]] in [[eodem]] sensu, sed [[etiam]] in diverso, [[eadem]] verba [[contra]], Quint. 9, 3, 36: [[aliter]] voces aut eaedem in diversa significatione ponuntur, id. 9, 3, 69: [[Sallustius]] in significatione ista non superesse sed superare dicit, Gell. 1, 22, 15: [[stips]] non dicitur in significatione trunci, [[Charis]]. 1, 18, 39: [[semper]] in significatione ea [[hortus]], Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 50. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[with]] abl. of adjj. is used [[with]] the verbs esse and habere to [[express]] [[quality]]: cum [[exitus]] [[haud]] in facili essent, i. e. [[haud]] faciles, Liv. 3, 8, 9: [[adeo]] [[moderatio]] tuendae libertatis in difficili est, id. 3, 8, 11; 3, 65, 11; [[but]] [[mostly]] [[with]] adjj. of the [[first]] and [[second]] declension: in [[obscuro]] esse, Liv. praef. § 3: in dubio esse, id. 2, 3, 1; 3, 19, 8; Ov. H. 19, 174: dum in dubiost [[animus]], Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; 2, 2, 10: in [[integro]] esse, Cic. Fam. 15, 16, 3; id. Att. 11, 15, 4: in [[incerto]] esse, Liv. 5, 28, 5: in [[obvio]] esse, id. 37, 23, 1: in [[tuto]] esse, id. 38, 4, 10; cf.: videre te in [[tuto]], Cat. 30, 6: in [[aequo]] esse, Liv. 39, 37, 14; Tac. A. 2, 44: in expedito esse, Curt. 4, 2, 22: in [[proximo]] esse, Quint. 1, 3, 4: in [[aperto]] esse, Sall. C. 5, 3: in promisco esse, Liv. 7, 17, 7: in [[augusto]] esse, Cels. 5, 27, 2: in [[incerto]] haberi, Sall. J. 46, 8; Tac. A. 15, 17: in levi habitum, id. H. 2, 21; cf.: in [[incerto]] relinquere, Liv. 5, 28, 5; Tac. H. 2, 83.<br /><b>II</b> With acc.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In [[space]], [[with]] verbs of [[motion]], [[into]] or to a [[place]] or [[thing]] ([[rarely]] [[with]] names of towns and [[small]] islands; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 398): influxit non [[tenuis]] [[quidam]] e [[Graecia]] [[rivulus]] in hanc urbem, Cic. Rep. 2, 19: in Ephesum advenit, Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 35: in Epirum venire, Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3: ibo in Piræeum, visamque, ecquae advenerit in portum ex Epheso [[navis]] mercatoria, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2: [[venio]] ad Piræea, in quo [[magis]] reprehendendus [[sum]], [[quod]] ... Piræea scripserim, non Piræeum, [[quam]] in [[quod]] addiderim; non [[enim]] hoc ut [[oppido]] praeposui, sed ut [[loco]], Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10: se contulisse Tarquinios, in urbem Etruriae florentissimam, id. Rep. 2, 19: remigrare in domum veterem e nova, id. Ac. 1, 4, 13: cum in sua rura venerunt, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 102: a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes, id. Fam. 15, 9: in Ubios legatos mittere, Caes. B. G. 4, 11: [[dein]] Thalam pervenit, in [[oppidum]] magnum et opulentum, Sall. J. 75, 1: Regillum antiquam in patriam se contulerat, Liv. 3, 58, 1: abire in exercitum, Plaut. Am. prol. 102.— With [[nuntio]]: cum id Zmyrnam in contionem nuntiatum est, Tac. A. 4, 56: nuntiatur in [[castra]], Lact. Most. Pers. 46; cf.: allatis in [[castra]] nuntiis, Tac. H. 4, 32: in [[manus]] sumere, tradere, etc., [[into]] one's hands: [[iste]] unumquodque vas in [[manus]] sumere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 63: Falerios se in [[manus]] Romanis tradidisse, Liv. 5, 27, 3.—Rarely [[with]] the verbs ponere, collocare, etc. (pregn., i. e. to [[bring]] [[into]] ... and [[place]] [[there]]): in [[crimen]] [[populo]] ponere, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 10: ut liberos, uxores suaque omnia in silvas deponerent, Caes. B. G. 4, 19: duplam pecuniam in thesauros reponi, Liv. 29, 19, 7: [[prius]] me collocavi in arborem, Plaut. Aul. 4, 8, 6: sororem et propinquas suas nuptum in [[alias]] civitates collocasse, Caes. B. G. 1, 18.— Motion in [[any]] [[direction]], up to, to, [[into]], [[down]] to: in [[caelum]] ascendere, Cic. Lael. 23 fin.: filium [[ipse]] [[paene]] in umeros suos extulisset, id. de Or. 1, 53, 228: [[tamquam]] in aram confugitis ad deum, up to the [[altar]], id. Tusc. 3, 10, 25: Saturno tenebrosa in Tartara misso, Ov. M. 1, 113: in [[flumen]] deicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; Nep. Chab. 4, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Denoting [[mere]] [[direction]] [[towards]] a [[place]] or [[thing]], and [[hence]] [[sometimes]] joined [[with]] [[versus]], [[towards]]: [[quid]] [[nunc]] supina [[sursum]] in [[caelum]] conspicis, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78: si in [[latus]] aut dextrum aut sinistrum, ut ipsi in usu est, cubat, Cels. 2, 3: [[Belgae]] spectant in [[septentriones]] et orientem solem, Caes. B. G. 1, 1: in orientem Germaniae, in occidentem Hispaniae obtenditur, Gallis in meridiem [[etiam]] inspicitur, Tac. Agr. 10: in laevum prona [[nixus]] sedet [[Inachus]] [[urna]], Stat. Th. 2, 218.—With [[versus]]: [[castra]] ex Biturigibus movet in Arvernos [[versus]], [[towards]], Caes. B. G. 7, 8 fin.: in Galliam [[versus]] movere, Sall. C. 56, 4: in ltaliam [[versus]], Front. Strat. 1, 4, 11: si in urbem [[versus]] venturi erant, Plin. Ep. 10, 82. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; So of [[that]] [[which]] is [[thought]] of as entering [[into]] the [[mind]], [[memory]], etc. (cf. I. A. 2. fin.): in memoriam reducere, Cic. Inv 1, 52, 98: in animum inducere, Liv. 27, 9: in mentem venire, Cic. Fam. 7, 3: [[frequens]] [[imitatio]] [[transit]] in [[mores]], Quint. 1, 11, 3. — Or [[into]] a [[writing]] or [[speech]]: in illam Metellinam orationem addidi quaedam, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In [[time]], [[into]], [[till]], for: dormiet in lucem, [[into]] the [[daylight]], [[till]] [[broad]] [[day]], Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 34: [[statim]] e somno, quem [[plerumque]] in diem extrahunt, lavantur, Tac. G. 22: sermonem in multam noctem produximus, [[deep]] [[into]] the [[night]], Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. p. 239 Lindem.: in multam noctem luxit, Suet. Tib. 74: si [[febris]] in noctem augetur, Cels. 7, 27: dixit in noctem [[atque]] [[etiam]] nocte illatis lucernis, Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 14: indutias in [[triginta]] annos impetraverunt, for [[thirty]] years, Liv. 9, 37, 12; 7, 20, 8: [[nisi]] id [[verbum]] in omne [[tempus]] perdidissem, forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1: ad cenam hominem in hortos invitavit in posterum diem, for the [[following]] [[day]], id. Off. 3, 14, 58: audistis auctionem constitutam in mensem Januarium, id. Agr. 1, 2, 4: [[subito]] reliquit annum suum seque in annum proximum transtulit, id. Mil. 9, 24: solis defectiones itemque lunae praedicuntur in multos annos, for [[many]] years, id. Div. 2, 6, 17: [[postero]] [[die]] Romani ab [[sole]] orto in [[multum]] diei stetere in acie, Liv. 27, 2: qui ab matutino tempore duraverunt in occasum, Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99: seritur ([[semen]] lini) a Kalendis Octobribus in ortum aquilae, Col. 2, 10, 17.—With [[usque]]: [[neque]] [[illi]] didicerunt haec [[usque]] in senectutem, Quint. 12, 11, 20: in illum [[usque]] diem servati, id. 8, 3, 68: in [[serum]] [[usque]] patente cubiculo, Suet. Oth. 11: [[regnum]] trahat [[usque]] in tempora fati, Sil. 11, 392: in posterum (posteritatem) or in futurum, in [[future]], for the [[future]]: in [[praesens]], for the [[present]]: in perpetuum or in aeternum, forever: sancit in posterum, ne [[quis]], etc., Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 10: res dilata est in posterum, id. Fam. 10, 12, 3: [[video]] quanta [[tempestas]] invidiae nobis, si [[minus]] in [[praesens]], at in posteritatem impendeat, id. Cat. 1, 9, 22: id [[aegre]] et in [[praesentia]] hi passi et in futurum [[etiam]] metum ceperunt, Liv. 34, 27, 10; cf.: ingenti omnium et in [[praesens]] [[laetitia]] et in futurum spe, id. 30, 17, 1: effugis in futurum, Tac. H. 1, 71: [[quod]] eum [[tibi]] quaestoris in [[loco]] constitueras, [[idcirco]] [[tibi]] amicum in perpetuum [[fore]] putasti? Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30; cf.: [[oppidum]] omni periculo in perpetuum liberavit, id. Fam. 13, 4, 2: quae (leges) non in [[tempus]] aliquod, sed perpetuae utilitatis [[causa]] in aeternum latae sunt, Liv. 34, 6, 4: in [[tempus]], for a [[while]], for a [[short]] [[time]], for the [[occasion]] (postAug.): sensit [[miles]] in [[tempus]] conficta, Tac. A. 1, 37: ne [[urbs]] [[sine]] imperio esset, in [[tempus]] deligebatur, qui jus redderet, id. ib. 6, 11: [[scaena]] in [[tempus]] structa, id. ib. 14, 20. —So in diem, for the [[day]], to [[meet]] the [[day]]'s [[want]]: [[nihil]] ex raptis in diem commeatibus superabat, Liv. 22, 40, 8: [[rapto]] in diem frumento, id. 4, 10, 1; [[but]], cum [[illa]] fundum emisset in diem, i. e. a [[fixed]] [[day]] of [[payment]], Nep. Att. 9, 5: in singulos [[dies]], or [[simply]] in [[dies]], [[with]] comparatives and verbs denoting [[increase]], from [[day]] to [[day]], [[daily]]: [[vitium]] in [[dies]] crescit, Vell. 2, 5, 2: in [[dies]] singulos breviores litteras ad te [[mitto]], Cic. Att. 5, 7: qui senescat in [[dies]], Liv. 22, 39, 15: in diem, [[daily]]: nos in diem vivimus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 33: in diem et horam, Hor. S. 2, 6, 47; and in horas, [[hourly]], id. C. 2, 13, 14; id. S. 2, 7, 10.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> In [[other]] relations, in [[which]] an aiming at, an inclining or [[striving]] [[towards]] a [[thing]], is [[conceivable]], on, [[about]], [[respecting]]; [[towards]], [[against]]; for, as; in, to; [[into]]: id, [[quod]] [[apud]] Platonem est in philosophos [[dictum]], [[about]] the philosophers, Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28: Callimachi [[epigramma]] in Ambraciotam Cleombrotum est, id. Tusc. 1, 34, 84; cf.: cum cenaret [[Simonides]] [[apud]] Scopam cecinissetque id [[car]] men, [[quod]] in eum scripsisset, etc., id. de Or. 2, 86, 352: quo amore [[tandem]] inflammati esse debemus in ejus modi patriam, [[towards]], id. ib. 1, 44, 196: in liberos nostros [[indulgentia]], id. ib. 2, 40, 168: de suis meritis in rem publicam [[aggressus]] est dicere, id. Or. 38, 133: ita ad impietatem in deos, in homines adjunxit injuriam, [[against]], id. N. D. 3, 34 fin.: in dominum quaeri, to be examined as a [[witness]] [[against]], id. Mil. 22, 60: in eos impetum facere, id. Att. 2, 22, 1: invehi in Thebanos, Nep. Epam. 6, 1; id. Tim. 5, 3: quaecumque est hominis [[definitio]], una in omnes valet, id. Leg. 1, 10, 29: num [[etiam]] in deos immortales inauspicatam legem valuisse? Liv. 7, 6, 11: [[vereor]] [[coram]] in os te laudare [[amplius]], to [[your]] [[face]], Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 5: si in me exerciturus (pugnos), [[quaeso]], in parietem ut [[primum]] domes, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 168: in puppim rediere rates, Luc. 3, 545 Burm. (cf.: sic equi dicuntur in frena redire, pulsi in terga recedere, Sulp. ad loc.): Cumis eam vidi: venerat [[enim]] in [[funus]]: cui funeri ego [[quoque]] operam dedi, to the [[funeral]], to [[take]] [[charge]] of the [[funeral]], Cic. Att. 15, 1, B: se [[quisque]] eum optabat, quem [[fortuna]] in id [[certamen]] legeret, Liv. 21, 42, 2: quodsi in nullius mercedem negotia eant, pauciora [[fore]], Tac. A. 11, 6: haec [[civitas]] mulieri [[redimiculum]] praebeat, haec in [[collum]], haec in crines, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33: [[Rhegium]] [[quondam]] in [[praesidium]] [[missa]] [[legio]], Liv. 28, 28; so, datae in [[praesidium]] cohortes, Tac. H. 4, 35: hoc [[idem]] significat [[Graecus]] [[ille]] in eam sententiam [[versus]], to this [[effect]] or [[purport]], Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25; cf. id. Fam. 9, 15, 4: haec et in eam sententiam cum [[multa]] dixisset, id. Att. 2, 22: qui omnia sic exaequaverunt, ut in utramque partem ita paria redderent, uti nulla selectione uterentur, id. Fin. 3, 4, 12: in utramque partem disputat, on [[both]] sides, for and [[against]], id. Off. 3, 23, 89: te [[rogo]], me [[tibi]] in omnes partes defendendum putes, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10 fin.: facillime et in optimam partem cognoscuntur adulescentes, qui se ad claros et sapientes viros contulerunt, id. Off. 2, 13, 46: cives Romani servilem in modum cruciati et necati, in the [[manner]] of slaves, Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13; cf.: miserandum in modum milites populi Romani capti, necati sunt, id. Prov. Cons. 3, 5: [[senior]] [[quidam]] Veiens vaticinantis in modum cecinit, Liv. 5, 15, 4; also: [[domus]] et villae in urbium modum aedificatae, Sall. C. 12, 3: [[perinde]] ac si in hanc formulam omnia judicia legitima sint, Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15: judicium [[quin]] acciperet in ea ipsa verba quae [[Naevius]] edebat, non recusasse, id. Quint. 20, 63; cf.: [[senatusconsultum]] in haec verba [[factum]], Liv. 30, 43, 9: pax [[data]] Philippo in has leges est, id. 33, 30: [[Gallia]] [[omnis]] divisa est in partes [[tres]], Caes. B. G. 1, 1; cf.: quae [[quidem]] in confirmationem et reprehensionem dividuntur, Cic. Part. Or. 9, 33: describebat censores binos in singulas civitates, i. e. for or [[over]] [[each]] [[state]], id. Verr. 2, 2, 53; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 26: [[itaque]] Titurium Tolosae quaternos denarios in singulas vini amphoras portorii nomine exegisse, id. Font. 5, 9: extulit eum [[plebs]] sextantibus collatis in capita, a [[head]], for [[each]] [[person]], Liv. 2, 33 fin.: Macedonibus [[treceni]] nummi in capita [[statutum]] est [[pretium]], id. 32, 17, 2; cf.: [[Thracia]] in Rhoemetalcen filium ... inque liberos Cotyis dividitur (i. e. [[inter]]), Tac. A. 2, 67.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of the [[object]] or [[end]] in [[view]], regarded also as the [[motive]] of [[action]] or [[effect]]: non te in me illiberalem, sed me in se neglegentem putabit, Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 16: neglegentior in patrem, Just. 32, 3, 1: in quem omnes intenderat curas, Curt. 3, 1, 21: quos ardere in proelia vidi, Verg. A. 2, 347: in [[bellum]] ardentes, Manil. 4, 220: nutante in fugam exercitu, Flor. 3, 10, 4: in hanc tam opimam mercedem agite ( = ut eam [[vobis]] paretis, Weissenb. ad loc.), Liv. 21, 43, 7: certa praemia, in quorum spem pugnarent, id. 21, 45, 4: in id [[sors]] dejecta, id. 21, 42, 2: in id [[fide]] [[accepta]], id. 28, 17, 9: in spem pacis solutis animis, id. 6, 11, 5 et saep.: ingrata [[misero]] [[vita]] ducenda est in hoc, ut, etc., Hor. Epod. 17, 63: nec in hoc adhibetur, ut, etc., Sen. Ep. 16, 3: [[alius]] non in hoc, ut offenderet, facit, id. de Ira, 2, 26, 3: in [[quod]] tum missi? Just. 38, 3, 4.—So, [[like]] ad, [[with]] words expressing affections or [[inclination]] of the [[mind]]: in [[obsequium]] [[plus]] [[aequo]] [[pronus]], Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 10: [[paratus]] in res novas, Tac. H. 4, 32: in utrumque [[paratus]], Verg. A. 2, 61.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of the [[result]] of an [[act]] or [[effort]]: [[denique]] in familiae luctum [[atque]] in privignorum [[funus]] nupsit, Cic. Clu. 66, 188: paratusque [[miles]], ut [[ordo]] agminis in aciem adsisteret, Tac. A. 2, 16: excisum Euboicae [[latus]] [[ingens]] rupis in [[antrum]], Verg. A. 6, 42: [[portus]] ab Euroo fluctu curvatus in arcum, id. ib. 3, 533: populum in obsequia principum formavit, Just. 3, 2, 9: omnium partium [[decus]] in mercedem conruptum erat, Sall. H. 1, 13 Dietsch: commutari ex veris in falsa, Cic. Fat. 9, 17; 9, 18: in sollicitudinem versa [[fiducia]] est, Curt. 3, 8, 20.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Esp. in the [[phrase]]: in gratiam or in honorem, alicujus, in [[kindness]], to [[show]] [[favor]], [[out]] of [[good]] [[feeling]], to [[show]] [[honor]], etc., to [[any]] one ([[first]] in Liv.; cf. Weissenb. ad Liv. 28, 21, 4; Krebs, Antibarb. p. 562): in gratiam levium sociorum injuriam facere, Liv. 39, 26, 12: pugnaturi in gratiam ducis, id. 28, 21, 4: quorum in gratiam [[Saguntum]] deleverat [[Hannibal]], id. 28, 39, 13; cf. id. 35, 2, 6; 26, 6, 16: [[oratio]] habita in [[sexus]] honorem, Quint. 1, 1, 6: [[convivium]] in honorem victoriae, id. 11, 2, 12: in honorem Quadratillae, Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 7: in honorem tuum, Sen. Ep. 20, 7; 79, 2; 92, 1; Vell. 2, 41 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In the [[phrase]], in rem esse, to be [[useful]], to [[avail]] (cf.: e re esse; opp.: [[contra]] rem esse): ut aequom est, [[quod]] in rem esse utrique arbitremur, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 10: si in rem est Bacchidis, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 27; 2, 2, 7: hortatur, imperat, quae in rem sunt, Liv. 26, 44, 7: [[cetera]], quae cognosse in rem erat, id. 22, 3, 2; 44, 19, 3: in rem [[fore]] credens universos adpellare, Sall. C. 20, 1; cf.: in duas res magnas id usui [[fore]], Liv. 37, 15, 7: in hos [[usus]], Verg. A. 4, 647.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>6</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To form adverbial expressions: non [[nominatim]], qui Capuae, sed in universum qui [[usquam]] coissent, etc., in [[general]], Liv. 9, 26, 8; cf.: [[terra]] [[etsi]] [[aliquanto]] specie differt, in universum [[tamen]] aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda, Tac. G. 5: in universum aestimanti, etc., id. ib. 6: aestate in totum, si fieri potest, abstinendum est (Venere), [[wholly]], [[entirely]], Cels. 1, 3 fin.; cf. Col. 2, 1, 2: in plenum dici potest, etc., [[fully]], Plin. 16, 40, 79, § 217: Marii virtutem in majus celebrare, [[beyond]] [[due]] bounds, Sall. J. 73, 5: [[aliter]] se [[corpus]] habere [[atque]] consuevit, [[neque]] in pejus [[tantum]], sed [[etiam]] in [[melius]], for the [[worse]], for the [[better]], Cels. 2, 2: in [[deterius]], Tac. A. 14, 43: in mollius, id. ib. 14, 39: [[quid]] [[enim]] est [[iracundia]] in supervacuum tumultuante frigidius? Sen. de Ira, 2, 11: [[civitas]] saepta muris [[neque]] in [[barbarum]] corrupta (v. [[barbarus]]), Tac. A. 6, 42; cf.: [[aucto]] in [[barbarum]] cognomento, id. H. 5, 2: priusquam id [[sors]] cerneret, in [[incertum]], ne [[quid]] [[gratia]] momenti faceret, in utramque provinciam decerni, [[while]] the [[matter]] [[was]] [[uncertain]], Liv. 43, 12, 2: nec [[puer]] Iliacā [[quisquam]] de gente Latinos In [[tantum]] spe tollet avos, so [[much]], Verg. A. 6, 876: in [[tantum]] suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse, Liv. 22, 27, 4; cf.: quaedam (aquae) [[fervent]] in [[tantum]], ut non possint esse usui, Sen. Q. N. 3, 24: viri in [[tantum]] boni, in [[quantum]] humana [[simplicitas]] intellegi potest, Vell. 2, 43, 4: [[quippe]] [[pedum]] digitos, in [[quantum]] quaeque secuta est, Traxit, Ov. M. 11, 71: meliore in omnia ingenio animoque [[quam]] [[fortuna]] [[usus]], in all respects, Vell. 2, 13: ut [[simul]] in omnia paremur, Quint. 11, 3, 25: in antecessum [[dare]], [[beforehand]], Sen. Ep. 118.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>7</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sometimes [[with]] esse, habere, etc., in is followed by the acc. (constr. pregn.), to [[indicate]] a [[direction]], [[aim]], [[purpose]], etc. ([[but]] v. Madvig. Gram. § 230, obs. 2, [[note]], [[who]] regards these accusatives as originating in errors of [[pronunciation]]); so, esse in potestatem alicujus, to [[come]] [[into]] and [[remain]] in one's [[power]]: esse in mentem alicui, to [[come]] [[into]] and be in one's [[mind]]: esse in conspectum, to [[appear]] to and be in [[sight]]: esse in usum, to [[come]] [[into]] [[use]], be used, etc.: [[quod]], qui illam partem urbis tenerent, in eorum potestatem portum futurum intellegebant, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38: ut [[portus]] in potestatem Locrensium esset, Liv. 24, 1, 13; 2, 14, 4: eam optimam rem publicam esse [[duco]], quae [[sit]] in potestatem optimorum, Cic. Leg. 3, 17: [[neque]] [[enim]] sunt [[motus]] in nostram potestatem, Quint. 6, 2, 29: [[numero]] mihi in mentem fuit, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 25; cf.: ecquid in mentem est [[tibi]]? id. Bacch. 1, 2, 53: nec [[prius]] surrexisse ac militibus in conspectum fuisse, [[quam]], etc., Suet. Aug. 16: [[quod]] [[satis]] in usum fuit, sublato, [[ceterum]] omne [[incensum]] est, Liv. 22, 20, 6: ab hospitibus clientibusque suis, ab exteris nationibus, quae in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque essent, injurias propulsare, Cic. Div. ap. Caecil. 20, 66: adesse in senatum jussit a. d. XIII. Kal. Octobr., id. Phil. 5, 7, 19.—Less freq. [[with]] habere: facito in memoriam habeas tuam majorem filiam mihi te despondisse, [[call]] or [[bring]] to [[mind]], Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 108: M. Minucium magistrum equitum, ne [[quid]] rei bellicae gereret, [[prope]] in custodiam habitum, [[put]] in [[prison]], kept in [[prison]], Liv. 22, 25, 6: reliquos in custodiam habitos, Tac. H. 1, 87.—So [[rarely]] [[with]] [[other]] verbs: pollicetur se provinciam Galliam retenturum in [[senatus]] populique Romani potestatem, Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 8. —<br /><b>III</b> In [[composition]], n [[regularly]] becomes assimilated to a foll. l, m, or r, and is changed [[before]] the labials [[into]] m: [[illabor]], [[immitto]], [[irrumpo]], [[imbibo]], [[impello]].—As to its [[meaning]], according as it is [[connected]] [[with]] a [[verb]] of [[rest]] or [[motion]], it conveys the [[idea]] of [[existence]] in a [[place]] or [[thing]], or of [[motion]], [[direction]], or [[inclination]] [[into]] or to a [[place]] or [[thing]]: inesse; inhibere, inferre, impellere, etc. See Hand, Turs. III. pp. 243- 356.