tempus: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>tempus</b>: ŏris (<br /><b>I</b> abl. temp. [[tempori]] or [[temperi]];<br /> v. [[infra]]), n. etym. dub.; perh. [[root]] tem-; Gr. [[τέμνω]];> [[prop]]. a [[section]]; [[hence]], in partic., of [[time]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit., a [[portion]] or [[period]] of [[time]], a [[time]]: [[tempus]] diei, daytime, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 38; 1, 1, 116: extremum diei, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26; cf.: matutina tempora, [[morning]] hours, id. Fam. 7, 1, 1: anni tempora, the seasons, Lucr. 2, 33; 5, 1396; cf.: [[quam]] (Ennam) [[circa]] sunt laetissimi flores omni tempore anni, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107: maturius [[paulo]], [[quam]] [[tempus]] anni postulabat, in [[hiberna]] exercitum deduxit, Caes. B. G. 1, 54: erat hibernum [[tempus]] anni, Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18; Auct. B. Alex. 43, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Esp. of the [[time]] [[intervening]] [[between]] [[two]] events, etc., an [[interval]], [[period]], [[time]]: longo [[post]] tempore, Verg. E. 1, 68: magno [[post]] tempore, Just. 13, 4, 25; 16, 1, 1: brevi [[post]] tempore, id. 1, 7, 19; 4, 4, 4; 12, 2, 6: parvo [[post]] tempore, Val. Max. 8, 6, 1. — Plur.: longis temporibus [[ante]], Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Transf., [[time]], in [[general]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Lit.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> In gen.: [[tempus]] est, id quo [[nunc]] utimur (nam ipsum [[quidem]] [[generaliter]] definire [[difficile]] est), [[pars]] quaedam aeternitatis cum alicujus annui, menstrui, diurni nocturnive spatii certā significatione, Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39: [[tempus]] esse dicunt [[intervallum]] mundi [[motus]]: id divisum in partes [[aliquot]], [[maxime]] ab solis et lunae cursu: [[itaque]] ab eorum tenore temperato [[tempus]] [[dictum]], Varr. L. L. 6, § 2 Müll.: hos siderum errores id ipsum esse, [[quod]] [[rite]] dicitur [[tempus]], Cic. Univ. 9 fin.: [[neque]] ut celari posset, [[tempus]] [[spatium]] ullum dabat, Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 14; cf.: [[nisi]] [[tempus]] et [[spatium]] datum [[sit]], Cic. Quint. 1, 4: vix huic tantulae epistulae [[tempus]] habui, id. Att. 1, 14, 1: [[egeo]] tempore, id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4: unius horae [[tempus]], Liv. 44, 9, 4: [[aliquot]] dierum [[tempus]] amisit, Lact. Mort. Pers. 45, 5: [[tempus]] duorum mensium petere ad [[delectus]] habendos, Liv. 29, 5, 7: [[triginta]] dierum [[tempus]] petens, ut, etc., id. 38, 37, 10: [[tempus]], pacis an belli, festinationis an otii, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 211: ut tempora postulabant belli, Liv. 24, 8, 7: nec belli [[tantum]] temporibus, sed [[etiam]] in [[pace]], id. 35, 28, 1: temporibus Punici belli, Just. 30, 3, 1; 43, 4, 11: mihi [[vero]] omne [[tempus]] est ad meos libros [[vacuum]], Cic. Rep. 1, 9, 14: erit, erit illud [[profecto]] [[tempus]] et illucescet [[ille]] [[aliquando]] [[dies]], cum, etc., id. Mil. 26, 69: ex quo tempore tu me diligere coepisti, id. Fam. 3, 4, 2: eo tempore, quo promulgatum de multā ejus traditur, Liv. 6, 38, 12; 23, 10, 13: tempore, quo in homine non ut [[nunc]] omnia consentientia, id. 2, 32, 9: privatum eo tempore Quinctium fuisse, cum sacramento adacti sint, id. 3, 20, 4: per [[idem]] [[tempus]], Cic. Brut. 83, 286: quos ad me id temporis venturos esse praedixeram, at [[that]] [[time]], id. Cat. 1, 4, 10: scripta in aliquod [[tempus]] reponantur, Quint. 10, 4, 2: non tantulum Umquam intermittit [[tempus]], [[quin]], etc., Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 32: uno et [[eodem]] temporis puncto nati . . . nascendi [[tempus]], Cic. Div. 2, 45, 95; cf.: alienum [[tempus]] est mihi [[tecum]] expostulandi, id. Fam. 3, 10, 6: [[dare]] [[tempus]] exponendi de aliquā re, id. ib. 1, 9, 3: committendi proelii, Caes. B. G. 2, 19: edendi, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 22: curandi, id. ib. 1, 2, 39: tyranno ad consultandum [[tempus]] datum est, Liv. 34, 33, 5: datum cum iis conloquendi [[tempus]], id. 26, 22, 11; 45, 24, 11.—In plur.: id certis temporibus futurum, Cic. Rep. 1, 15, 23: si Athenienses quibusdam temporibus [[nihil]] [[nisi]], etc., agebant, id. ib. 1, 27, 43: superioribus temporibus ad te nullas litteras misi, id. Fam. 5, 17, 1: illis temporibus, id. Lael. 1, 5: temporibus illis, id. Arch. 3, 6. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> In partic., the [[time]], i. e. the [[fitting]] or appointed [[time]], the [[right]] [[season]], [[proper]] [[period]], [[opportunity]], = [[καιρός]]: [[nunc]] [[occasio]] est et [[tempus]], Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 3: [[tempus]] maximum est, ut, etc., id. Mil. 4, 3, 9: [[spero]] ego, mihi [[quoque]] Tempus [[tale]] eventurum, ut [[tibi]] gratiam referam parem, id. Merc. 5, 4, 39; cf.: [[tempus]] habes [[tale]], quale [[nemo]] habuit [[umquam]], Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27: dicas: [[tempus]] maxumum esse ut [[eat]] domum, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 8: [[nunc]] [[hora]], viri, [[nunc]] [[tempus]]: adeste, Sil. 11, 194: [[consul]] [[paulisper]] addubitavit, an consurgendi jam triariis [[tempus]] esset, Liv. 8, 10, 1: cum jam moriendi [[tempus]] urgueret, [[was]] [[close]] at [[hand]], Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 103; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20: [[verno]] inserentis [[tempus]] urguet, Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 113: [[tempus]] est, [[with]] inf.: sed jam [[tempus]] est, ad id [[quod]] instituimus accedere, Cic. Top. 1, 5: dicere aliquid de ordine argumentorum, id. de Or. 2, 42, 181: conari [[etiam]] majora, Liv. 6, 18, 12: [[nunc]] corpora curare [[tempus]] est, id. 21, 54, 2: [[tibi]] abire, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 215: jam [[tempus]] agi res, Verg. A. 5, 638: [[tempus]] est jam [[hinc]] abire me, Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99: suo tempore, at a [[fitting]] [[time]], id. Lael. 3, 11; cf. id. Phil. 14, 6, 15; id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139; Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; tempŏra, um ([[less]] freq. in the sing. [[tempus]]), [[after]] the Gr. τὰ καίρια ([[prop]]. the [[right]] [[place]], the [[fatal]] [[spot]]), the [[temples]] of the [[head]]; plur.: duae suturae [[super]] aures tempora a superiore capitis parte discernunt, Cels. 8, 1; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 54; Lucr. 1, 930; 4, 5; 6, 1194; Tib. 2, 2, 7; Verg. A. 5, 416; Hor. C. 1, 7, 23; 3, 25, 20; 4, 1, 32; 4, 8, 33 et saep.—Sing.: contorquet brachium et Graccho percutit [[tempus]], Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68; Verg. A. 9, 418; Sil. 12, 414; Stat. Th. 10, 110; Vitr. 9, 6; Flor. 4, 12, 44 Duk. N. cr.; Vulg. Judic. 4, 21; 5, 26.—Poet., transf., the [[face]], [[visage]] in gen., Prop. 2, 24 (3, 18), 3; 2, 18, 32 (3, 11, 10).—The [[head]]: jacuit [[pulsus]] tria tempora ramo [[Cacus]], [[upon]] his [[three]] heads, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 15.— Sing.: tremulum [[movens]] Cana [[tempus]] [[anilitas]] Omnia omnibus annuit, Cat. 61, 162. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> The [[time]] in its [[moral]] aspects; the [[state]] of the times, [[position]], [[state]], [[condition]]; in plur., the times, circumstances (esp. freq. of [[dangerous]] or distressful cir cumstances): si ad tuum [[tempus]] perduci tur, [[facilis]] [[gubernatio]] est, [[time]] of [[administration]], [[consulship]], Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 2: omne [[meum]] [[tempus]] amicorum temporibus transmittendum putavi ... et [[meus]] [[labor]] in privatorum periculis versatus, id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1: [[quid]] a me cujusque [[tempus]] poscat, id. Planc. 32, 79: [[tempori]] meo defuerunt, my [[necessity]], id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.: qui tot annos ita [[vivo]], ut a nullius [[umquam]] me tempore aut [[commodo]] aut [[otium]] [[meum]] abstraxerit aut, etc., id. Arch. 6, 12: [[tempori]] cedere, id est necessitati parere, [[semper]] sapientis est habitum, id. Fam. 4, 9, 2: [[nisi]] [[forte]] temporis causā nobis adsentiebare, id. Tusc. 4, 4, 8: [[neque]] poëtae [[tempori]] meo defuerunt, id. Sest. 58, 123; cf.: suscipere [[onus]] laboris [[atque]] officii ex necessariorum tempore, id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 5: in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore, id. Fl. 3, 6: tempore summo rei publicae, id. Phil. 5, 17, 46; id. Verr. 1, 1, 1; cf.: pecuniam conferre in rei publicae magnum aliquod [[tempus]], id. Off. 3, 24, 93: pro tempore [[atque]] periculo exercitum conparare, Sall. C. 30, 5: o [[saepe]] [[mecum]] [[tempus]] in [[ultimum]] Deducte, to the [[last]] [[extremity]], Hor. C. 2, 7, 1: eae (res) [[contra]] nos faciunt in hoc tempore, at the [[present]] [[time]], under the [[present]] circumstances, Cic. Quint. 1, 1; cf.: nec miserae [[prodesse]] in tali tempore quibat, Lucr. 1, 93: [[indignatus]], dici ea in tali tempore audirique, Liv. 30, 37, 8; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 475.—In plur.: incidunt [[saepe]] tempora, cum ea, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31: omnes illae orationes causarum ac temporum sunt, id. Clu. 50, 139: tempora rei publicae, qualia futura sint, [[quis]] scit? mihi [[quidem]] turbulenta videntur [[fore]], id. Fam. 2, 18, 3: scripsi versibus [[tres]] libros de temporibus meis, id. ib. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. § 11: dubia formidolosaque tempora, id. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1: cedere temporibus, id. Mil. 1, 2: [[animus]] secundis Temporibus dubiisque [[rectus]], Hor. C. 4, 9, 36: Madates erat regionis [[praefectus]], [[haud]] [[sane]] temporum [[homo]], Curt. 5, 3, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Time in [[poetry]] and [[rhetoric]], i. e. [[measure]], [[quantity]]: [[idem]] facit in trochaeo, qui temporibus et intervallis est [[par]] iambo, Cic. Or. 57, 194; cf.: tempora certa modique, Hor. S. 1, 4, 58: rhythmi spatio temporum [[constant]], Quint. 9, 4, 46 sq.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> In gram., a tense of a [[verb]], Varr. L. L. 9, § 32; 95 sq.; 10, § 47 Müll.; Quint. 1, 5, 47; 9, 1, 11; 9, 3, 11 et saep.—<br /><b>II</b> Adverb. phrases.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> tempŏrē, and [[more]] freq in adverb. form, tempŏrī or tempĕrī, at the [[right]] or [[fitting]] [[time]], at the appointed [[time]], in [[time]], [[betimes]], [[timely]], [[seasonably]]: rogat, satisne [[tempori]] [[opera]] sient confecta, [[Cato]], R. R. 2, 1; 3, 4; cf.: qui vult sua [[tempori]] conficere officia, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 16: reddere aliquid [[tempori]], Titin. ap. Non. 369, 22: sequimini, ut, [[quod]] [[imperatum]] est, veniam [[advorsum]] [[temperi]], Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 90; cf.: [[temperi]] huic anteveni, id. Trin. 4, 2, 66: [[temperi]] ego faxo scies, id. Ps. 1, 3, 153: ut cenam coqueret [[temperi]], id. Stich. 5, 2, 6; id. Cas. 2, 6, 60.—In a punning [[allusion]] to the [[meaning]] [[temple]] (v. [[supra]]): Eu. Coquite, facite, festinate [[nunc]] jam, [[quantum]] [[lubet]]. Co. Temperi: [[postquam]] implevisti fusti fissorum [[caput]], Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 6: ego renovabo commendationem, sed tempore, Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 1: temporis ars [[medicina]] [[fere]] est: [[data]] tempore prosunt, Et [[data]] non [[apto]] tempore vina nocent, Ov. R. Am. 131 sq.: tempore abest, id. H. 4, 109.—Comp.: [[memini]] te mihi Phameae cenam narrare: temperius fiat: [[cetera]] [[eodem]] [[modo]], Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 8: [[modo]] surgis Eoo Temperius [[caelo]], [[modo]] [[serius]] incidis undis, [[more]] [[betimes]], earlier, Ov. M. 4, 198: ut [[propter]] cibi spem temporius ad officinam redeant, Col. 8, 4, 3; 2, 8, 12; App.M. 9, p. 229, 22.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Form tempore, in [[time]], [[with]] the [[progress]] of [[time]], [[gradually]]: tempore ruricolae [[patiens]] [[fit]] [[taurus]] aratri, ... Tempore paret [[equus]] habenis, Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 1 sqq. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Ad [[tempus]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; At the [[right]] or appointed [[time]], in [[time]]: ad [[tempus]] redire, Cic. Att. 13, 45, 2: ad [[tempus]] venire, Liv. 38, 25: ad [[tempus]] ei [[mendacium]] vestrum accommodavistis, Cic. Cael. 7, 17.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For [[some]] [[time]], for the [[time]] [[being]], for a [[while]], for the [[moment]]: quae ([[perturbatio]] animi) [[plerumque]] [[brevis]] est et ad [[tempus]], Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27: coli ad [[tempus]], id. Lael. 15, 53: dux ad [[tempus]] [[lectus]], Liv. 28, 42, 5; Tac. A. 1, 1; cf.: ad breve (sc. [[tempus]]), Suet. Tib. 68. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> Ante [[tempus]], [[before]] the [[right]] [[time]], [[too]] [[soon]]: [[ante]] [[tempus]] mori miserum esse, Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Lael. 3, 11: [[ante]] [[tempus]] [[domo]] [[digressus]], Sall. J. 79, 7; Suet. Aug. 26; cf.: [[sero]] [[post]] [[tempus]] venis, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 90.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>E</b> Ex tempore, [[instantaneously]], [[forthwith]], on the [[spur]] of the [[moment]], [[extempore]]: [[versus]] fundere ex tempore, Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194: magnum numerum optimorum versuum dicere ex tempore, id. Arch. 8, 18: scribere, Quint. 10, 3, 17; Sen. Contr. 3, praef.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; According to circumstances: expedire rem et [[consilium]] ex tempore capere posse, Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33: haec [[melius]] ex re et ex tempore constitues, id. Fam. 12, 19, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>F</b> In tempore, at the [[right]], [[proper]], or [[appropriate]] [[time]], in [[time]]: in tempore ad eam veni, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 123: in ipso tempore [[eccum]] ipsum, in the [[nick]] of [[time]], id. And. 3, 2, 52: ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent, Liv. 33, 5, 2: in tempore memorare, Tac. A. 1, 58 fin.—<br /> In [[tempus]], for a [[time]], [[temporarily]]: [[scena]] in [[tempus]] structa, Tac. A. 14, 20; cf.: in omne [[tempus]], forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1.—<br /> Per [[tempus]], at the [[right]] [[time]], in [[time]]: non potuisti [[magis]] per [[tempus]] mihi advenire [[quam]] advenis, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 30; cf.: per [[tempus]] subvenistis mihi, id. Truc. 1, 2, 85.—<br /> Pro tempore, according to circumstances: [[consilium]] pro tempore et pro re capere, Caes. B. G. 5, 8: pauca pro tempore milites [[hortatus]], Sall. J. 49, 6; Verg. E. 7, 35; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 23.