ἀλλά: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Conj., orig. neut. pl. of <b class="b3">ἄλλος</b>, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">otheruise</b>: used adversatively to limit or oppose words, sentences, or clauses, stronger than <b class="b3">δέ</b>: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> in simple oppositions, <b class="b2">but</b>, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> after neg. clauses, οὐ κακός, ἀλλ' ἀγαθός <span class="bibl">Thgn.212</span>; οὐδὲ μὲν Ἕκτωρ μίμνεν, ἀλλ' . . ἐφορμᾶται <span class="bibl">Il.15.690</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> after a simple neg., ἦ παραφρονεῖς; οὔκ, ἀλλ' ὕπνος μ' ἔχει <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>9</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> freq. after <b class="b3">οὐ μόνον, μὴ μόνον</b>, with or without καί, οὐ μόνον ἅπαξ, ἀ. πολλάκις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>228a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th. 3.59</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.4.13</span>, etc.; without μόνον, οὐχ ἑσπέρας, ἀλλὰ καὶ μεσημβρίας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1006</span>: also after <b class="b3">οὐχ</b> (or <b class="b3">μὴ</b> (<b class="b3"> ὅτι, οὐχ</b> (or <b class="b3">μὴ</b>) <b class="b3"> ὅπως</b>, either, <b class="b2">not only . . but</b>... μὴ ὅτι ἰδιώτην τινά, ἀλλὰ τὸν μέγαν βασιλέα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>40d</span>; μὴ ὅτι κατὰ τὸ σῶμα, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὴν ψυχήν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 207e</span>; or, <b class="b2">not only not . . but</b>... οὐχ ὅπως κωλυταὶ . . γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ . . περιόψεσθε <span class="bibl">Th.1.35</span>; οὐχ ὅτι ὠργίζοντο, ἀλλ' ἐζήλουν <span class="bibl">D.19.265</span>; the neg. form is <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὐδέ, μὴ ὅτι ὑπὲρ ἄλλου, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ</b> δίκην εἴρηκα <span class="bibl">Is.10.1</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in the apodosis of hypothetical sentences, <b class="b2">still, at least</b>, εἴπερ γάρ τε . . ἀλλά τε <span class="bibl">Il.1.82</span>, etc.: in Prose, esp. <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὖν . . γε</b> or ἀλλά . . γε, εἰ καὶ σμικρά, ἀ. οὖν ἴση γε ἡ χάρις <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.140</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ μή</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ὁρῶ</b>) <b class="b3">, ἀλλ' ἀκούω γε</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>470d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.15</span>,al.; εἰ μηδέν ἐστι τελευτήσαντι, ἀλλ' οὖν τοῦτόν γε τὸν χρόνον ἧττον ἀηδὴς ἔσομαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>91b</span> (in later Gk. <b class="b3">ἀλλά γε</b> may be in juxtaposition, εἰ ἄλλοις οὐκ εἰμὶ ἀπόστολος, ἀλλά γε ὑμῖν εἰμί <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>9.2</span>, and <b class="b3">ἀ. γε δή</b> is found with vv. Il. in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>262a</span>); <b class="b3">εἰ καὶ μετέχουσι . . ἀλλ' οὐ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Pol.</span>1282a11</span>:—less freq. after Conjunctions of Time, as ἐπεὶ δή <span class="bibl">Od.14.151</span>; ἐπεί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>241</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> after Hom., <b class="b3">ἀ</b>. is used elliptically, esp. with Advbs. of Time, <b class="b3">ὦ θεοὶ πατρῷοι, συγγένεσθέ γ' ἀ. νῦν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ πρότερον, ἀ. νῦν γε</b>) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>411</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span> 552</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>565</span>; ἀ. τῷ χρόνῳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Med.</span>912</span>; <b class="b3">ἐὰν οὖν ἀ. νῦν γ' ἔτι</b>, i.e.<b class="b3">ἐὰν οὖν [μὴἄλλοτε], ἀ. νῦν γε</b> . . if then now <b class="b2">at least</b> ye still... <span class="bibl">D.3.33</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Lys.10.15</span>:—without an Adv. of Time, <b class="b2">at least</b>, ἡ δ' ἀ. πρός σε μικρὸν εἰπάτω μόνον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>660</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1276</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span> 331</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> sts.= <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἤ</b> (q.v.), <b class="b2">except, but</b>, <b class="b3">οὔτι μοι αἴτιος ἄλλος, ἀ . . . τοκῆε</b> no one else, <b class="b2">but</b>... <span class="bibl">Od.8.312</span>; οὐδέ τις ἄλλη φαίνετο γαιάων, ἀ. οὐρανὸς ἠδὲ θάλασσα <span class="bibl">12.404</span>; ἔπαισεν οὔτις ἀ. ἐγώ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1331</span>; ἡδέα . . οὐκ ἔστιν ἀ. τούτοις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1176a22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1152b30</span>: cf. reverse process in our word <b class="b2">but=be out, except</b>:—sts. with force of <b class="b3">ἤ</b> after comparatives, <b class="b3">τάφον, οὐκ ἐν ᾧ κεῖνται μᾶλλον, ἀ.ἐν ᾧ ἡ δόξα κτλ</b>. not that in which they are lying, <b class="b2">but</b> far more... <span class="bibl">Th.2.43</span>; οὐχ ὅπλων τὸ πλέον, ἀ. δαπάνης <span class="bibl">Id.1.83</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> with neg. after an affirmative word or clause, to be rendered simply by <b class="b2">not</b>, ἀγαθῶν, ἀ. οὐχὶ κακῶν αἴτιον <span class="bibl">Lys.14.16</span>; τῶν σπουδαίων, ἀ. μὴ τῶν φαύλων <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.2</span>; ἐκεῖθεν, ἀ. οὐκ ἐνθένδε ἡρπάσθη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>229d</span>:—after a question, <b class="b3">τί δεῖ ἐμβαλεῖν λόγον περὶ τούτου, ἀ. οὐχὶ προειπεῖν</b>; <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.2.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.229</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> without neg., μικρὸς μὲν ἔην δέμας, ἀ. μαχητής <span class="bibl">Il.5.801</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> to oppose whole sentences,<b class="b2">but, yet</b>: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> freq. in transitions, as <span class="bibl">Il.1.135</span>, <span class="bibl">140</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀ. καὶ ὥς</b> . . <span class="bibl">1.116</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. οὐδ' ὥς</b> . . <span class="bibl">Od. 1.6</span>:—after Hom. in answers and objections, <b class="b2">nay but... well but</b>... freq. with negs., esp. in making and answering objections, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ach.</span>402</span>, <span class="bibl">407</span>; also in affirmative answers, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>330b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>449a</span>, etc.:—repeated in a succession of questions or objections, <b class="b3">πότερον ᾔτουν σέ τι . . ; ἀ. ἀπῄτουν; ἀ. περὶ παιδικῶν μαχόμενος; ἀ. μεθύων ἐπαρῴνησα</b>; <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.8.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Thg.</span> 123e</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc. 17.47</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. μήν</b>... answered by <b class="b3">ἀ</b>... <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1287a23</span>:—in vehement answers Pl. often uses <b class="b3">νὴ τοὺς θεοὺς ἀ .... μὰ Δἴ ἀ</b>... <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span> 481c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phlb.</span>36a</span>, cf. <span class="title">Alc.</span>1.110b, c:—at beginning of speech, to introduce a general objection, <span class="bibl">Od.4.472</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>1</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Georg.</span>22</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> with imper. or subj., to remonstrate, encourage, persuade, etc., freq. in Hom., <b class="b3">ἀ. ἄγε, ἴθι</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.210</span>, <span class="bibl">11.611</span>; ἀ. ἴομεν <span class="bibl">6.526</span>; ἀ. πίθεσθε <span class="bibl">1.259</span>; after voc., ὦ Φίντις, ἀ. ζεῦξον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Tyrt. 10.15</span>, etc.; answered by a second ἀ., ἀ. περιμένετε. ἀ. περιμενοῦμεν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>327b</span>; ἀλλ' ἕρπεθ' ὡς τάχιστα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1643</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>1029</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> to break off a subject abruptly, ἀ. τά γε Ζεὺς οἶδεν <span class="bibl">Od.15.523</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. ταῦτα μὲν τί δεῖλέγειν</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>467</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> in resuming an address after parenthesis, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.12</span>, <span class="bibl">4.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> in elliptical phrases, <b class="b3">οὐ μὴν ἀ., οὐ μέντοι ἀ</b> . . . <b class="b2">it is not [so], but</b>... <b class="b3">ὁ ἵππος πίπτει καὶ μικροῦ αὐτὸν ἐξετραχήλισεν· οὐ μὴν [ἐξετραχήλισεν] ἀ. ἐπέμεινεν ὁ Κῦρος</b> it did not however [throw him], <b class="b2">but</b>... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.8</span>; οὐ μέντοι ἀ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 173b</span>; οὐ γὰρ ἀ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>58</span>,<span class="bibl">498</span>:—after δέ, ὑμεῖς δέ μ' ἀ. παιδὶ συμφονεύσατε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>391</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> when joined with other Particles, each retains proper force, as, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἄρα</b>, used by Hom. in transitions, <span class="bibl">Il.6.418</span>, <span class="bibl">12.320</span>, etc.; later, to introduce an objection, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ap.</span>25a</span>; in questions,<b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἆρα</b> . . ; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>381b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὖν</b>, concessive, <b class="b2">at all events</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1298</span>; τοὺς πρώτους χρόνους ἀ. οὖνπροσεποιοῦνθ' ὑμῖν εἶναι φίλοι <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.86</span>; <b class="b2">well then</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>310a</span>; <b class="b2">but then, however</b>, with γε following, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.140</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>84</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>652</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.18</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὖν γε</b> in apodosi, v. supr. <span class="bibl">1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ γάρ</b>, freq. with words between, <b class="b2">but really, certainly</b>, as <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ γὰρ Κρέοντα λεύσσω... παύσω γόους</b>, but this is irreg. for <b class="b3">ἀλλά, Κρέοντα γὰρ λεύσσω, παύσω γόους</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1308</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>148</span>; for the reg. order cf. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ph.</span>81</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>480</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Med.</span>1067</span>; freq. elliptical, the Verb being understood, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.8</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>941</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>155</span>: in Hom. only with negs., ἀλλ' οὐ γάρ <span class="bibl">Il.7.242</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.355</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1409</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. γὰρ δή, ἀ. γάρ τοι</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>167</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>81</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἀ. εἰ</b> . . <b class="b2">quid si . . ?</b> <span class="bibl">Il.16.559</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἀ. ἦ</b> in questions, chiefly of surprise or remonstrance, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ch.</span>220</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>879</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1111</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἦ, τὸ λεγόμενον, κατόπιν ἑορτῆς ἥκομεν</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>447a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span>309c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">ἀ</b>. followed by strengthening Particle, ἀλλ' ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούνασι κεῖται <span class="bibl">Il. 17.514</span>; esp. c. imper., <span class="bibl">1.211</span>, al.; ἀλλά τοι <span class="bibl">Od. 15.518</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>795</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀ. μέντοι</b>, with or without γε, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>214e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>287d</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ἀ. μήν</b>, v. [[μήν; ἀ. δή]], mostly with words between, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Aj.</span>1271</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>586</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.109</span>, etc.; without intervening words, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>37c</span>, al.; ἀ. δῆτα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>285c</span>; ἀ. μὲν δὴ καὶ αὐτός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>143b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>103</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> = <b class="b2">et quidem</b>, <span class="bibl">Olymp. <span class="title">in Mete.</span>1.13</span>, al.</span>

|astxt=[[ἀλλά]] ([[ἀλλ’]] [[usually]] bef. α and υ, [[often]] bef. ε and η, [[rarely]] bef. ο and ω, [[never]] bef. ι; Tdf., Pr., 93 f.; WH, App., 146), adversative [[particle]], <br />stronger [[than]] δέ; [[prop]]. neuter pl. of [[ἄλλος]], used adverbially, [[with]] changed [[accent]]; [[hence]] [[prop]]. [[otherwise]], on the [[other]] [[hand]] (cf. Ro 3:31);<br /><b class="num">1.</b>opposing a [[previous]] [[negation]], [[but]]: οὐ (μὴ) . . . ἀ., Mt 5:15, 17 Mk 5:39, Jo 7:16, al.; [[rhetorically]] subordinating [[but]] [[not]] [[entirely]] negativing [[what]] precedes, οὐ . . . ἀ., [[not]] so [[much]] . . . as, Mk 9:37, Mt 10:20, Jo 12:44, al.; [[with]] ellipse of the [[negation]], Mt 11:7-9, Ac 19:2, I Co 3:6 6:11 7:7, II Co 7:1, Ga 2:3, al.; in [[opposition]] to a foregoing pos. [[sentence]], ἀ. οὐ, Mt 24:6, I Co 10:23; οὐ [[μόνον]] . . . ἀ. [[καί]], Jo 5:18, Ro 1:32, al.; elliptically, [[after]] a [[negation]], ἀ. [[ἵνα]], Mk 14:49, Jo 1:8 9:3, al.; = [[εἰ μή]] (Bl., §77, 13; M, Pr., 241; [[but]] cf. WM, §iii, 10), Mt 20:23, Mk 4:22. <br /><b class="num">2.</b>Without [[previous]] [[negation]], to [[express]] [[opposition]], [[interruption]], [[transition]], etc., [[but]]: Jo 16:20 12:27, Ga 2:14; [[before]] commands or requests, Ac 10:20 26:16, Mt 9:18, Mk 9:22, al.; to [[introduce]] an [[accessory]] [[idea]], II Co 7:11; in the apodosis [[after]] a [[condition]] or [[concession]] [[with]] εἰ, [[ἐάν]], [[εἴπερ]], [[yet]], [[still]], at [[least]], Mk 14:29, I Co 9:2, II Co 4:16, Col 2:5, al.; [[after]] [[μέν]], Ac 4:17, Ro 14:20, I Co 14:17; giving [[emphasis]] to the [[following]] [[clause]], [[ἀλλ’]] ἔρχεται [[ὥρα]], [[yea]], etc., Jo 16:2; so [[with]] neg., [[ἀλλ’]] [[οὐδέ]], [[nay]], [[nor]] [[yet]], Lk 23:15. <br /><b class="num">3.</b>Joined [[with]] [[other]] particles (a [[practice]] [[which]] increases in [[late]] writers; Simcox, LNT, 166), ἀ. γε, [[yet]] at [[least]], Lk 24:21, I Co 9:2; ἄ ἤ., [[save]] [[only]], [[except]], Lk 12:51, II Co 1:13; ἀ. μὲν [[οὖν]], Phl 3:8 (on [[this]] [[usage]], v. MM, VGT, s.v.).

|mdlsjtxt=[Conjunct., [[properly]] neut. pl. of [[ἄλλος]] (with changed [[accent]])]<br />[[otherwise]], but, stronger [[than]] δέ:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> to [[oppose]] [[single]] clauses, but, Lat. [[autem]], the [[preceding]] [[clause]] [[being]] negat., οὐ μόνον [[ἅπαξ]], ἀλλὰ [[πολλάκις]] Plat.; so, οὐχ (or μὴ) ὅτι, οὐχ (or μὴ) [[ὅπως]], are followed by [[ἀλλά]] or [[ἀλλά]] καὶ . . . , not only . . . , but . . .<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[after]] a [[negative]] [[ἀλλά]] [[sometimes]] = ἀλλ' ἤ, [[except]], but, ἔπαισεν [[οὔτις]] ἀλλ' ἐγώ Soph.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to [[oppose]] [[whole]] sentences, but, yet, Lat. at:— used by Hom., with imperat. or subj., to [[remonstrate]], [[encourage]], [[persuade]], like Lat. [[tandem]], ἀλλ' ἴθι, ἀλλ' ἄγε, ἀλλὰ [[ἴωμεν]], Hom.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> joined with [[other]] Particles, ἀλλ' ἄρα, or, ἀλλ' οὖν, but then, [[however]], Hdt., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> ἀλλὰ γάρ, Lat. [[enimvero]], but [[really]], [[certainly]], [[attic]]<br /><b class="num">3.</b> ἀλλ' ἦ in questions, Lat. an [[vero]]? [[ergo]]? Plat.: cf. ἀλλ' ἤ (suo [[loco]]).