βαίνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(inf. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> βαίμεναι Hsch.), fut. βήσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.2.339</span>, etc., Dor. βᾱσεῦμαι <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.8</span>, etc.: pf. βέβηκα <span class="bibl">Il.15.90</span>, etc., Dor. βέβᾱκα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).41</span>, etc., with shortd. forms βεβάᾱσι <span class="bibl">Il.2.134</span>, contr. βεβᾶσι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 1002</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>76</span>, etc.; subj. <b class="b3">βεβῶσι</b> (ἐμ-) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>252e</span>; inf. βεβάμεν <span class="bibl">Il.17.359</span>, βεβάναι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>610</span> (lyr.); part. βεβαώς, -αυῖα <span class="bibl">Il.14.477</span>, <span class="bibl">Hom.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>15.10</span>, contr. <b class="b3">βεβώς</b>: plpf. ἐβεβήκειν <span class="bibl">Il.11.296</span>, etc., Ep. βεβήκειν <span class="bibl">6.495</span>; sync. 3pl. βέβᾰσαν <span class="bibl">17.286</span>, etc.: aor. 2 ἔβην <span class="bibl">Il. 17.112</span>, etc., Dor. ἔβᾱν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.97</span>, etc.; Ep. 3sg. βῆ <span class="bibl">Il.13.297</span>, Ep. 3dual <b class="b3">βάτην [ᾰ</b>] <span class="bibl">1.327</span>, 3pl. ἔβαν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>18</span> (lyr.), (κατ-) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>504</span> (lyr.), Ep. βάν <span class="bibl">Il.20.32</span>; imper. <b class="b3">βῆθι</b>, Dor. βᾶθι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1196</span> (lyr.); βᾱ in compds. <b class="b3">ἔμβα, κατάβα</b>, etc., 2pl. βᾶτε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>191</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>1033</span> (lyr.); subj. <b class="b3">βῶ</b>, Ep. 3sg. <b class="b3">βήῃ</b> (ὑπερ-) <span class="bibl">Il.9.501</span>, βήω <span class="bibl">6.113</span>, ἐμ-βέῃ <span class="title">GDI</span>5075.4 (Cret.), Dor. <b class="b3">βᾶμες</b> (for <b class="b3">βῶμεν</b>) <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.22</span>; opt. <b class="b3">βαίην</b>; inf. <b class="b3">βῆναι</b> (Att. Prose only in compds.), Ep. βήμεναι <span class="bibl">Od.19.296</span>, Dor. βᾶμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.39</span>; part. <b class="b3">βάς βᾶσα βάν</b>, Dor. pl. ἐκ-βῶντας <span class="bibl">Th.5.77</span>:— Med., Ep.aor.1 <b class="b3">ἐβήσετο</b> (ἀπ-) <span class="bibl">Il.1.428</span>:—Pass., pres. (v. infr.A.11.1): in compds., aor. <b class="b3">ἀν-, παρ-, ξυν-εβάθην</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>3.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.67</span>, <span class="bibl">4.30</span>; later παρ-εβάνθην <span class="bibl">D.C.48.2</span>,al.; <b class="b3">ἀνα-, παρα-, ξυμ-βέβᾰμαι</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>1.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.123</span>, <span class="bibl">8.98</span>; παρα-βέβασμαι <span class="bibl">D.17.12</span>: fut. <b class="b3">παρα-βαθήσομαι</b> Sch.<span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hec.</span>802</span>.—For the Act. fut. and aor. 1, v. infr. B; for pres. part. <b class="b3">βιβάς</b>, v. [[βίβημι]].—In correct Att. Prose the pres. <b class="b3">βαίνω</b> is almost the only tense in use; but in compds. Prose writers used all tenses freely. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> in the above tenses, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> intr., <b class="b2">walk, step</b>, prop. of motion <b class="b2">on foot</b>, ποσὶ βήσετο <span class="bibl">Il.5.745</span>, etc.; but also of all motion <b class="b2">on ground</b>, the direction being commonly determined by a Prep.:—the kind of motion is often marked by a part., <b class="b3">βῆ φεύγων, βῆ ἀΐξασα</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.665</span>, <span class="bibl">4.74</span>: c. part. fut., denoting purpose, <b class="b3">βῆ ῥ' Ἶσον . . ἐξεναρίξων</b> <b class="b2">he went to</b> slay, <span class="bibl">Il.11.101</span>: with neut. Adj. as Adv., σαῦλα ποσὶν β. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>28</span>; ἁβρὸν β. παλλεύκῳ ποδί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1164</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">830</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἴσα</b> or <b class="b3">ὁμοίως β. τινί</b>, <span class="bibl">D.19.314</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1.3</span>; ἐν ποικίλοις β. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>936</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">924</span>; <b class="b2">march</b> or <b class="b2">dance</b>, <b class="b3">μετὰ ῥυθμοῦ, ἐν ῥυθμῷ</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.5.70</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>670b</span>: freq. c. inf. in Hom., <b class="b3">βῆ δ' ἰέναι</b> <b class="b2">set out</b> to go, <b class="b2">went</b> his way, <span class="bibl">Il.4.199</span>, etc.; βῆ δ' ἴμεν <span class="bibl">5.167</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">βῆ δὲ θέειν</b> <b class="b2">started</b> to run, <span class="bibl">2.183</span>, etc.; βῆ δ' ἐλάαν <span class="bibl">13.27</span>: c. acc. loci, νέας <span class="bibl">Od.3.162</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>153</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>378</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ νηὸς ἔβαινεν</b> <b class="b2">was going</b> on board ship, <span class="bibl">Od.11.534</span>; but ἐν δὲ ἑκάστῃ [νηῒ] . . ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι βαῖνον <b class="b2">were on board</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.510</span>; <b class="b3">ἐφ' ἵππων βάντες</b> <b class="b2">having mounted</b> the chariot, <span class="bibl">18.532</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ πώλου βεβῶσα</b> <b class="b2">mounted</b> on... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>313</span>; ἐς δίφρον <span class="bibl">Il.5.364</span>; ἐς ἅρματα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>320</span>; <b class="b3">βαίνειν δι' αἵματος</b> <b class="b2">wade</b> in blood, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in pf., <b class="b2">stand</b> or <b class="b2">be</b> in a place, χῶρος ἐν ᾧ βεβήκαμεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>52</span>; <b class="b3">βεβηκὼς σφόδρα</b> firmly <b class="b2">poised</b> (opp. <b class="b3">κρεμάμενος</b>) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>62c</span>; <b class="b3">β. μάχη</b> <b class="b2">steady</b> fight, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phil.</span>9</span>: freq. almost, = [[εἰμί]] (<b class="b2">sum</b>), <b class="b3">εὖ βεβηκώς</b> <b class="b2">on a</b> good <b class="b2">footing</b>, well <b class="b2">established, prosperous</b>, [θεοὶ] εὖ βεβηκότας ὑπτίους κλίνουσ' <span class="bibl">Archil.56.3</span>; τυραννίδα εὖ βεβηκυῖαν <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.164</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>979</span>; <b class="b3">εὖ βίου βεβηκότα</b> prob. for ἐν βίῳ βεβιωκότα Nicom. Com.2; ἀσφαλέως βεβηκὼς ποσσί <span class="bibl">Archil.58.4</span>; ἐπισφαλῶς βεβ. <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Wi.</span>4.4</span>; ἄγαλμα βεβηκὸς ἄνω τὰ κάτω δὲ κεχηνός <span class="bibl">Eub.107.23</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐν τέλει ἐόντες, βεβῶτες</b>, they who <b class="b2">are</b>in office, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.106</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>67</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦτον οὐχ ὁρῇς ὅκως βέβη-[κεν] ἀνδριάντα</b>; <span class="bibl">Herod.4.36</span>; [λίθους] ἐν ταῖς ἰδίαις χώραις βεβηκότας <span class="title">IG</span>7.3073.163 (Lebad.); ἐν κακοῖς βεβ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1057</span>; <b class="b3">μοίρᾳ οὐκ ἐν ἐσθλᾷ β</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">1095</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">βοῦς, κλεὶς ἐπὶ γλώσσῃ βέβηκεν</b>, v. [[βοῦς]] IV, κλείς <span class="bibl">4</span>; φρόνει βεβὼς ἐπὶ ξυροῦ τύχης <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>996</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> Geom. of figures, <b class="b2">stand</b> on a base, ἐπί τινος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">IA</span>709a24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Apollon.Perg.<span class="title">Con.</span>3.3</span>; πυραμὶς ἐπὶ τετραγώνου βεβηκυῖα Hero <b class="b2">*Stereom</b>.1.31; of an angle, <b class="b2">stand</b> on an arc, <b class="b3">ἐπί τινος, πρός τινι</b>, <span class="bibl">Euc.3</span><span class="title">Def.</span>9, cf. 16.26. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">βεβηκὼς ῥυθμός</b> <b class="b2">stately</b> rhythm, <span class="bibl">Syrian.<span class="title">in Hermog.</span>1p.69R.</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνάπαυσις</b> ib.<span class="bibl">p.18</span> R. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">go away, depart</b>, ἐν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδ' <span class="bibl">Il.12.16</span>; <b class="b3">ἔβαν ἄγοντες, ἔβαν φέρουσαι</b>, <b class="b2">have gone</b> and taken away, <span class="bibl">1.391</span>, <span class="bibl">2.302</span>; ἄφαρ βέβακεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 134</span>; θανάσιμος βέβηκεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>959</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">832</span>; βεβᾶσι φροῦδοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1289</span>; <b class="b3">βέβηκα</b> euphem. for <b class="b3">τέθνηκα</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>1002</span> (lyr.); of things, <b class="b3">ἐννέα ἐνιαυτοὶ βεβάασι</b> nine years <b class="b2">have come and gone</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.134</span>; <b class="b3">πῇ ὅρκια βήσεται</b>; ib.<span class="bibl">339</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.229</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">come</b>, τίπτε βέβηκας; <span class="bibl">15.90</span>; <b class="b2">arrive</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>81</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>921</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">go on, advance</b>, <b class="b3">ἐς τόδε τόλμης, ἐς τοσοῦτον ἐλπίδων</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>125</span>,<span class="bibl">772</span>; ἐπ' ἔσχατα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>217</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> c. part. as periphr. for fut., βαίνω καταγγέλλων <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.2474. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> c. acc., <b class="b2">mount</b>, Hom. only in aor. Med. βήσασθαι δίφρον <span class="bibl">Il.3.262</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.481</span>: in Act. (fut. part. Med. βησόμενος <span class="bibl">Them.<span class="title">Or.</span>21.248b</span>), of the male, <b class="b2">mount, cover</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>250e</span>, <span class="bibl">Achae.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>575a13</span>, etc.:—in Pass., <b class="b3">ἵπποι βαινόμεναι</b> <b class="b2">brood</b> mares, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.192</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. cogn., β. Δωρίαν κέλευθον ὕμνων <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>191</span>; Καλλαβίδας <span class="bibl">Eup.163</span>; <b class="b3">ἔβα ῥόον</b> <b class="b2">went down</b> stream, i.e. <b class="b2">died</b>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.1.140</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> metaph. of metre, <b class="b2">scan</b>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>21</span> (Pass.), Aristid. Quint.1.23,24, etc.; βαίνεται τὸ ἔπος <b class="b2">is scanned</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1093a30</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">χρέος ἔβα με</b> debts <b class="b2">came on</b> me, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>30</span>; ὀδύνα μ' ὀδύνα βαίνει <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1371</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> Poet. with acc. of the instrument of motion, βαίνειν πόδα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>94</span>, <span class="bibl">1173</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">βαίνειν· φιλεῖν, κολακεύειν</b>, Hsch. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> Causal, in fut. <b class="b3">βήσω,</b> (ἐπι-) <span class="bibl">Il.8.197</span>, (εἰσ-) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>742</span>: aor. 1 <b class="b3">ἔβησα</b>—<b class="b2">make to go</b>, <b class="b3">φῶτας βῆσεν ἀφ' ἵππων</b> <b class="b2">he made</b> them <b class="b2">dismount</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.16.810</span>; <b class="b3">ἀμφοτέρους ἐξ ἵππων βῆσε κακῶς</b> <b class="b2">he brought</b> them <b class="b2">down</b> from the chariot in sorry plight, <span class="bibl">5.164</span>; ὄφρα βάσομεν ὄκχον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 6.24</span>.—Rare in Trag. (exc. in compds.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>209</span> (lyr.).—The simple Verb is uncommon in later Gr. (For <b class="b3">βάμ</b>-<b class="b2">y</b>ω, cf. Lat. <b class="b2">venio</b>, Skt. <b class="b2">gamyáte</b>; <b class="b3">βάσκω</b> corresponds to Skt. <b class="b2">gácchati</b> (<b class="b2">gu̯ṃ-sk-</b>); root <b class="b2">gu̯em-</b> in OHG. <b class="b2">quëman</b> 'come'; <b class="b3">ἔβην, βήσομαι</b> fr. root <b class="b2">gu̯ā-</b>, Skt. <b class="b2">jigāti</b>, aor. <b class="b2">ágāt</b>.) </span>