κόσμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">order</b>, <b class="b3">κατὰ κόσμον</b> in <b class="b2">order, duly</b>, εὖ κατὰ κ. <span class="bibl">Il.10.472</span>, al.; <b class="b3">οὐ κατὰ κ</b>. <b class="b2">shamefully</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.179</span>; μὰψ ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κ. <span class="bibl">Il. 2.214</span>: freq. in dat., <b class="b3">κόσμῳ καθίζειν</b> to sit <b class="b2">in order</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.77</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.67</span>; οὐ κ. . . ἐλευσόμεθα <span class="bibl">Il.12.225</span>; κ. θεῖναι τὰ πάντα <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.52</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.36</span>, etc.; διάθες τάδε κ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1331</span>; <b class="b3">κ. φέρειν</b> bear <b class="b2">becomingly</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.82</span>; δέξασθαί τινα κ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>521</span>; σὺν κόσμῳ <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.86</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span> 398b23</span>; ἐν κόσμῳ <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>223b</span>; <b class="b3">κόσμῳ οὐδενὶ κοσμηθέντες</b> <b class="b2">in</b> no sort of <b class="b2">order</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.59</span>; <b class="b3">φεύγειν, ἀπιέναι οὐδενὶ κ</b>., <span class="bibl">Id.3.13</span>, <span class="bibl">8.60</span>.<b class="b3">γ</b>, etc.; ἀτάκτως καὶ οὐδενὶ κ. <span class="bibl">Th.3.108</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>400</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκέτι τὸν αὐτὸν κ</b>. no longer <b class="b2">in</b> the same <b class="b2">order</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.66</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδένα κ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">65</span>, <span class="bibl">69</span>; ἦν δ' οὐδεὶς κ. τῶν ποιουμένων <span class="bibl">Th.3.77</span>: generally, of things, <b class="b2">natural order</b>, γίνεται τῶν τεταρταίων ἡ κατάστασις ἐκ τούτου τοῦ κ. <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Prog.</span>20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">good order, good behaviour</b>, = [[κοσμιότης]] Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span> p.43 K.; <b class="b2">discipline</b>, <span class="bibl">D.18.216</span>; οὐ κ., ἀλλ' ἀκοσμία <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>846</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">form, fashion</b>, ιππου κόσμον ἄεισον δουρατέου <span class="bibl">Od.8.492</span>; κ. ἐπέων ἀπατηλός <span class="bibl">Parm.8.52</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξηγεομένων . . τὸν κ. αὐτοῦ</b> the <b class="b2">fashion</b> of it, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.22</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τόνδε . . ὁ καταστησάμενος</b> who established this <b class="b2">order</b> or <b class="b2">from</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.99</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> of states, <b class="b2">order, government</b>, μεταστῆσαι τὸν κ. <span class="bibl">Th. 4.76</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.48</span>, <span class="bibl">67</span>; μένειν ἐν τῷ ὀλιγαρχικῷ κ. <span class="bibl">8.72</span>, etc.; esp. of the Spartan <b class="b2">constitution</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.65</span>, <span class="bibl">Clearch.3</span>: pl., πόλεων κόσμοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 322c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">ornament, decoration</b>, esp. of women, <span class="bibl">Il.14.187</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 76</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.92</span>.ή; γυναικεῖος κ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>373c</span>, etc.; of a horse, <span class="bibl">Il.4.145</span>; of men, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.123</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>397</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γλαυκόχροα κόσμον ἐλαίας</b>, of an olive-wreath, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>3.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.83</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>2.10</span>, etc.; κ. κυνῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.1</span>; κ. καὶ ἔπιπλα <span class="bibl">Lys.12.19</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἀργυροῦς</b> a <b class="b2">service</b> of plate, <span class="bibl">Ath.6.231b</span>; ἱερὸς κ. <span class="title">OGI</span>90.40 (Rosetta, ii B. C.): pl., <b class="b2">ornaments</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1271</span>; οἱ περὶ τὸ σῶμα κ. <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.32</span>: metaph., of ornaments of speech, such as <b class="b2">epithets</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.9.9</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1408a14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Po.</span>1457b2</span>, <span class="bibl">1458a33</span>; <b class="b3">ἁδυμελῆ κ. κελαδεῖν</b> to sing sweet songs of <b class="b2">praise</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>11</span> (<span class="bibl">10</span>).<span class="bibl">13</span> (s.v.l.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b2">honour, credit</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>2.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>6(5).69</span>; <b class="b3">κόσμον φέρει τινί</b> it does one <b class="b2">credit</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.60</span>, <span class="bibl">142</span>; γύναι, γυναιξὶ κόσμον ἡ σιγὴ φέρει <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>293</span>; κ. τοῦτ' ἐστὶν ἐμοί <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>914</span>; οἷς κόσμος [ἐστὶ] καλῶς τοῦτο δρᾶν <span class="bibl">Th.1.5</span>; ἐν κόσμῳ καὶ τιμῇ εἶναί τινι <span class="bibl">D.60.36</span>; of persons, σὺ ἔμοιγε μέγιστος κ. ἔσει <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.4.3</span>; ἡ μεγαλοψυχία οἷον κ. τις τῶν ἀρετῶν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span> 1124a1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">ruler, regulator</b>, title of chief magistrate in Crete, <span class="title">SIG</span>712.57, etc.; collectively, <b class="b2">body of</b> <b class="b3">κόσμοι</b>, ib.524.1; <b class="b3">τοῦ κ. τοῖς πλίασι</b> ib.527.74: also freq. in pl., ib.528.1, al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1272a6</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.10.4.18</span>, <span class="bibl">22</span>; cf. [[κόρμος]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> Philos., <b class="b2">world-order, universe</b>, first in Pythag., acc.to <span class="title">Placit.</span>2.1.1, <span class="bibl">D.L.8.48</span> (cf. [Philol.]<span class="bibl">21</span>), or Parm., acc. to Thphr. ap. D.L.l.c.; κόσμον τόνδε οὔτε τις θεῶν οὔτε ἀνθρώπων ἐποίησεν, ἀλλ' ἦν ἀεὶ καὶ ἔστιν καὶ ἔσται πῦρ <span class="bibl">Heraclit.30</span>; ὁ καλούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν σοφιστῶν κ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.11</span>: freq. in <span class="bibl">Pl., <span class="title">Grg.</span>508a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>27a</span>, al.; ἡ τοῦ ὅλου σύστασίς ἐστι κ. καὶ οὐρανός <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Cael.</span>280a21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span> 2p.37U.</span>, <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.2.168</span>, etc.; ὁ κ. ζῷον ἔμψυχον καὶ λογικόν Posidon. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.7.139</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>30b</span>: sts. of the <b class="b2">firmament</b>, γῆς ἁπάσης τῆς ὑπὸ τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.179</span>; ὁ περὶ τὴν γῆν ὅλος κ. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Mete.</span>339a20</span>; <b class="b3">μετελθεῖν εἰς τὸν ἀέναον κ</b>., of death, <span class="title">OGI</span>56.48 (Canopus, iii B. C.); but also, of <b class="b2">earth</b>, as opp. heaven, ὁ ἐπιχθόνιος κ. Herm. ap. Stob.1.49.44; or as opp. the underworld, ὁ ἄνω κ. <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">VP</span>27.123</span>; of any <b class="b2">region</b> of the universe, ὁ μετάρσιος κ. Herm. ap. Stob.1.49.44; of the sphere whose centre is the earth's centre and radius the straight line joining earth and sun, <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Aren.</span>4</span>; of the sphere containing the fixed stars, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Epin.</span>987b</span>: in pl., <b class="b2">worlds</b>, coexistent or successive, Anaximand. et alii ap.<span class="title">Placit.</span>2.1.3, cf. Epicur.l.c.; also, of stars, Νὺξ μεγάλων κ. κτεάτειρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>356</span> (anap.), cf. Heraclid.et Pythagorei ap.<span class="title">Placit.</span>2.13.15 (= <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">Fr.</span>22</span>); <b class="b3">οἱ ἑπτὰ κ</b>. the Seven <b class="b2">planets</b>, <span class="bibl">Corp.Herm.11.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b2">microcosm</b>, ἄνθρωπος μικρὸς κ. <span class="bibl">Democr. 34</span>; ἄνθρωπος βραχὺς κ. <span class="bibl">Ph.2.155</span>; of living beings in general, τὸ ζῷον οἷον μικρόν τινα κ. εἶναί φασιν ἄνδρες παλαιοί <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>3.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in later Gr., = [[οἰκουμένη]], <b class="b2">the known</b> or <b class="b2">inhabited world</b>, <span class="title">OGI</span>458.40 (9 B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>1.8</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ τοῦ παντὸς κ. κύριος</b>, of Nero, <span class="title">SIG</span>814.31, cf. <span class="title">IGRom.</span>4.982 (Samos); ἐὰν τὸν κ. ὅλον κερδήσῃ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>16.26</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">men in general</b>, φανέρωσον σεαυτὸν τῷ κ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>7.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">12.19</span>; esp. of the <b class="b2">world</b> as estranged from God by sin, ib.<span class="bibl">16.20</span>, <span class="bibl">17.9</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span> 1.21</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">οὗτος ὁ κ</b>. this present <b class="b2">world</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">earth</b>, opp. heaven, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>13.1</span>; regarded as the kingdom of evil, <b class="b3">ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κ. τούτου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">12.31</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Pythag.name for <b class="b2">six</b>, Theol.Ar.37; for <b class="b2">ten</b>, ib.59.</span>