οὐσία: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> -ιη <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.92</span>, <span class="bibl">6.86</span>.ά, <span class="title">SIG</span>167.26 (Mylasa, iv B. C.); Dor. ἐσσία, ὠσία (qq. v.): ἡ: (<b class="b3">ὀντ-</b>, part. of <b class="b3">εἰμί</b> <b class="b2">sum</b>):—<b class="b2">that which is one's own, one's substance, property</b>, Hdt. ll.cc., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>911</span> (s. v. l.), <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">HF</span>337</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hel.</span>1253</span> (pl., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>354</span> (s. v. l.)), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>729</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.18.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 551b</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span>l.c., etc.; opp. <b class="b3">τὰ σώματα</b> (civil status), <span class="bibl">And.1.74</span>; καλῶς . . ἐπεμελήθη τῶν οὐσιῶν ὑπὲρ τοῦ δημάρχου <span class="title">BSA</span>24.154 (Attica, iv B.C.); <b class="b3">εἰ ἐκεκτήμην οὐ</b>. if I had been a man of <b class="b2">substance</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.24.11</span>; ὑπὲρ τὴν οὐ. δαπανᾶν <span class="bibl">Diph.32.7</span>; πατρῴαν οὐ. κατεσθίειν <span class="bibl">Anaxipp.1.32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Critias 45</span> D.; <b class="b3">φανερὰ οὐσία</b> real <b class="b2">property, immovables</b>, <span class="bibl">And.1.118</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἀφανής</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.32.4</span>; freq. of <b class="b2">estates</b> in Egypt, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>6.23</span> (ii B. C., pl.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>650.3</span> (i A. D.), <span class="title">OGI</span>665.30 (i A. D.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in Philos., like Ion. <b class="b3">φύσις</b> (with which it is interchanged in various uses, e. g. <span class="bibl">Philol. 11</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>359a</span>, <span class="bibl">359b</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>646a25</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>6.1.1</span>), <b class="b2">stable being, immutable reality</b>, opp. γένεσις, ὅτιπερ πρὸς γένεσιν οὐσία, τοῦτο πρὸς πίστιν ἀλήθεια <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>29c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sph.</span>232c</span>; ὧν κίνησις γένεσιν παραλαβοῦσα ἀέναον οὐ. ἐπόρισεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>966e</span>; γένεσις μὲν τὸ σπέρμα, οὐ. δὲ τὸ τέλος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>641b32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">640a18</span>, etc.; ὁδὸς εἰς οὐσίαν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1003b7</span>: hence, <b class="b2">being</b> in the abstract, opp. non-being (τὸ μὴ εἶναι), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>185c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">substance, essence</b>, opp. <b class="b3">πάθη</b> ('modes'), <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>11a</span>; πάθη οὐσίας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1003b7</span>; opp. <b class="b3">συμβεβηκότα</b> ('accidents'), <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">APo.</span>83a24</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span>643a27</span>; ἡ φύσις [τῆς ψυχῆς] καὶ ἡ οὐ., εἶθ' ὅσα συμβέβηκε περὶ αὐτήν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">de An.</span>402a8</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">true nature</b> of that which is a member of a kind, defined as ὃ τυγχάνει ἕκαστον ὄν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>65d</span>; as <b class="b3">τὸ ὅ ἐστι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">92d</span>; as τὸ τί ἐστι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span> 90b30</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ εἶναί τε καὶ τὴν οὐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>509b</span>; expressed in a formula or definition, ψυχῆς οὐ. τε καὶ λόγον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>245e</span>; τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι οὗ ὁ λόγος ὁρισμός, καὶ τοῦτο οὐ. λέγεται <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1017b22</span>; <b class="b3">μόνης τῆς οὐ. ἐστὶν ὁ ὁρισμός</b> ib. <span class="bibl">1031a1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> the possession of such a nature, <b class="b2">substantiality</b>, ἔτι ἐπέκεινα τῆς οὐ. πρεσβείᾳ . . ὑπερέχοντος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 509b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> in the concrete, <b class="b2">the primary real</b>, the <b class="b2">substratum</b> underlying all change and process in nature, applied by Arist. to the atoms of Democritus, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>208</span>; to τὰ ἁπλᾶ σώματα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cael.</span>298a29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span> 1017b10</span>; πᾶσαι αἱ φυσικαὶ οὐ. ἢ σώματα ἢ μετὰ σωμάτων γίγνονται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cael.</span>298b3</span>, al.; ταὐτὸν σῶμα καὶ οὐσίαν ὁριζόμενοι <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Sph.</span>246a</span>; but also, <b class="b3">νοητὰ ἄττα καὶ ἀσώματα εἴδη . . τὴν ἀληθινὴν οὐ</b>. ib.b. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> in Logic, <b class="b2">substance</b> as the leading category, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Cat.</span>1b26</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1045b29</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ πρῶται οὐ</b>. (individuals), <b class="b3">αἱ δεύτεραι οὐ</b>. (species and genera), <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cat.</span>2b5</span>, <span class="bibl">2a15</span> (but ὁ ἄνθρωπος καὶ ὁ ἵππος . . οὐκ ἔστιν οὐ. ἀλλὰ σύνολόν τι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1035b29</span>, cf. [[σύνθετος]] or <b class="b3">συνθέτη οὐ</b>. ib. <span class="bibl">1043a30</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">de An.</span>412a16</span>); ἡ μὲν ψυχὴ οὐ. ἡ πρώτη, τὸ δὲ σῶμα ὕλη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1037a5</span>; ἡ ψυχὴ οὐ. ὡς εἶδος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">de An.</span>412a19</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ οὐ. ἐντελέχεια</b> ib.<span class="bibl">21</span>; [ψυχὴ] οὐ. τοῦ ἐμψύχου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1035b15</span>; of the abstract objects of mathematics, μονὰς οὐ. ἄθετος, στιγμὴ δὲ οὐ. θετός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">APo.</span>87a36</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> after Pl. and Arist. in various uses, as <b class="b3">ἡ ἄποιος οὐ</b>., = [[ἡ ὕλη]], Zeno Stoic.1.24; <b class="b3">κατὰ οὐσίαν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">κατὰ δύναμιν ἢ ἐνέργειαν</b>, Polystr.p.12 W.; <b class="b3">πᾶς νοῦς ἀμέριστός ἐστιν οὐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Procl.<span class="title">Inst.</span>171</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plot.2.4.5</span>, <span class="bibl">2.6.1</span>, <span class="bibl">4.7.8</span>, <span class="bibl">6.1.2</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> Pythag. name for I, <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>6. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> name of a plaster, <span class="bibl">Aët.15.15</span>,45. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">αἱ οὐ</b>. <b class="b2">fireresisting substances</b>, Zos.Alch.p.168 B.; of the four <b class="b3">σώματα</b> (copper, tin, lead, iron), Ps.-Democr. ap. eund.<span class="bibl">p.167</span> B. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> in Magic, <b class="b2">a material thing by which a connection is established between the person to be acted upon and the supernatural agent</b>, e.g. a hair, λαβὼν βελόνην διείρων τὴν οὐ. εἰς αὐτήν <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.2949, cf. <span class="title">PMag.Osl.</span> 1.73; mould from a tomb, <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.435; <b class="b3">κυνοκεφάλου οὐ., . . κυνὸς οὐ</b>., = [[κόπρος]] (cf. 2460), ib.2687, etc.</span>