ἀρχιερεύς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=έως, ὁ: Ion. ἀρχῐέρεως, εω, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.37</span>, also in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>947a</span>: acc. pl. <b class="b3">ἀρχιρέας</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.142</span>:— <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">arch-priest, chief-priest</b>, ll. cc., freq. in Inscrr., νήσου <span class="title">OGI</span>93.3 (Cyprus), etc.: esp. in Roman provinces, of the Imperial cult, <b class="b3">ἀ. Ἀσίας</b> ib. 458.31, etc., cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRyl.</span>149.2</span> (i A. D.), etc.:—at Rome, = <b class="b2">pontifex</b>, <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Num.</span>9</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀ. μέγιστος</b>, = <b class="b2">pontifex maximus</b>, <span class="title">SIG</span>832, etc. (but <b class="b3">ἀρχιερεύς</b> alone, <span class="title">IG</span>7.2711, etc.):—at Jerusalem, <b class="b2">high-priest</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Le.</span> 4.3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>26.3</span>, etc. (Spelt ἀρχι-ιερεύς <span class="title">IGRom.</span>4.882 (Themisonium)).</span>

|lstext='''ἀρχιερεύς''': έως, ὁ: Ἰων. ἀρχιέρεως, εω, ὁ, Ἡρόδ. 2. 37, [[ὡσαύτως]] ἐν Πλάτ. Νόμ. 947Α: αἰτ. πλ. ἀρχιρέας (ἐκ τοῦ ἀρχιρεὺς) Ἡρόδ. 2. 142: - [[ἀρχιερεύς]], ἔνθ’ ἀνωτ. καὶ [[συχν]]. ἐν Ἐπιγρ., Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 381-3, 479, κ. ἀλλ.: - ἐν Ῥώμῃ ὁ Pontifex Maximus, Πλούτ. Νουμ. 9· ἀρχ. μέγιστος, ἐπὶ τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος, Συλλ. Ἐπιγρ. 320, 1305, κ. ἀλλ.: - ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ὁ [[ἀνώτατος]] ἱερεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων, Εὐαγγ. κ. Ματθ. κς΄, 3, κτλ.

|astxt=[[ἀρχιερεύς]], -έως, ὁ, [in LXX for כּ'' הָרֹאשׁ,כּ'' הַגָּדוֹל ,כּהֵן;] <br /><b class="num">1.</b>[[high]]-[[priest]]: Mk 2:26 14:47, al.; of Christ: He 2:17 3:1, al. <br /><b class="num">2.</b>In pl., [[chief]] priests, including ex-[[high]]-priests and members of [[high]]-[[priestly]] families: Mt 2:4, Mk 8:31, al. (Cremer, 294; DCG, i, 297f.; MM, s.v.).

|txtha=ἀρχιερέως, ὁ, [[chief]] [[priest]], [[high]] [[priest]].<br /><b class="num">1.</b> He [[who]] [[above]] [[all]] others [[was]] honored [[with]] the [[title]] of [[priest]], the [[chief]] of the priests, הַגָדול כֹּהֵן (הָרֹאשׁ כֹּהֵן, Acts , and the Epistle to the Heb. It [[was]] [[lawful]] for him to [[perform]] the [[common]] duties of the [[priesthood]]; [[but]] his [[chief]] [[duty]] [[was]], [[once]] a [[year]] on the [[day]] of [[atonement]], to [[enter]] the Holy of holies (from [[which]] the [[other]] priests were excluded) and [[offer]] [[sacrifice]] for his [[own]] sins and the sins of the [[people]] (Leviticus 16; Josephus, Antiquities 20,10; [[see]] Αννας). Cf. Winer s RWB [[under]] the [[word]] Hoherpriester; Oehler in Herzog vi., pp. 198ff; (BB. DD., [[see]] [[under]] the words, High Priest, Priest, etc. The names of the 28 (27?) [[above]] alluded to are given, [[together]] [[with]] a [[brief]] [[notice]] of [[each]], in an [[article]] by Schürer in the Studien und Kritiken for 1872, pp. 597-607).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> The plural ἀρχιερεῖς, [[which]] occurs [[often]] in the Gospels and Acts , as Josephus, comprises, in [[addition]] to the [[one]] [[actually]] holding the [[high]] [[priestly]] [[office]], [[both]] those [[who]] had [[previously]] [[discharged]] it and [[although]] deposed continued to [[have]] [[great]] [[power]] in the State (Josephus, Vita38; b. j. 2,12, 6; 4,3, 7; 9; 4,4, 3; [[see]] Αννας [[above]]), as [[well]] as the members of the families from [[which]] [[high]] priests were created, provided [[they]] had [[much]] [[influence]] in [[public]] affairs (Josephus, b. j. 6,2, 2). See on [[this]] [[point]] the [[learned]] [[discussion]] by Schürer, Die ἀρχιερεῖς im N. T, in the Studien und Kritiken for 1872, p. 593ff and in his Neutest. Zeitgesch. § 23iii., p. 407ff (Prof. Schürer, [[besides]] reviewing the opinions of the [[more]] [[recent]] writers, contends [[that]] in no [[instance]] [[where]] [[indubitable]] [[reference]] to the heads of the [[twenty]]-[[four]] classes is made ([[neither]] in the Sept. Josephus, Antiquities 7,14, 7) are [[they]] called ἀρχιερεῖς; [[that]] the nearest approximations to [[this]] [[term]] are periphrases [[such]] as ἄρχοντες [[τῶν]] ἱερέων, φυλαρχοι [[τῶν]] ἱερέων, Esra apocr. (1Esdr.) Josephus, Antiquities 11,5, 4; and [[that]] the [[word]] ἀρχιερεῖς [[was]] restricted in its [[application]] to those [[who]] [[actually]] held, or had held, the [[high]] [[priestly]] [[office]], [[together]] [[with]] the members of the [[few]] [[prominent]] families from [[which]] the [[high]] priests [[still]] continued to be selected, cf. Josephus, b. j. 4,3, 6.)<br /><b class="num">3.</b> In the Epistle to the Hebrews Christ is called '[[high]] [[priest]],' [[because]] by undergoing a [[bloody]] [[death]] he offered [[himself]] as an [[expiatory]] [[sacrifice]] to God, and has entered the [[heavenly]] [[sanctuary]] [[where]] he [[continually]] intercedes on [[our]] [[behalf]]: Riehm, Lehrbegriff des Hebräerbriefes, ii., pp. 431-488. In Greek writings the [[word]] is used by [[Herodotus]] 2 (37), 142) 143,151; [[Plato]], legg. 12, p. 947a.; [[Polybius]] 23,1, 2; 32,22, 5; [[Plutarch]], [[Numa]] c. 9, others; ([[often]] in Inscriptions); [[once]] (viz., Sept., [[where]] [[ἱερεύς]] [[μέγας]] is [[usual]], in the O. T. Apocrypha, 1Esdr. 5:40 1Esdr. 9:40, and [[often]] in the books of Maccabees.

|lsmtext='''ἀρχιερεύς:''' -έως, ὁ, Ιων. [[ἀρχιέρεως]], <i>-ω</i>, αιτ. πληθ. <i>ἀρχιρέας</i> (από [[ἀρχιρεύς]])· [[αρχιερέας]], [[ανώτερος]] [[ιερέας]], [[ποιμενάρχης]], σε Ηρόδ.· στη [[Ρώμη]], Pontifex [[Maximus]], σε Πλούτ.· στην Ιερουσαλήμ, [[ανώτατος]] [[ιερέας]] των Ιουδαίων, σε Καινή Διαθήκη