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μείγνυμι: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">mix, bring together, connect</b>, midd. <b class="b2">mix with each other, convene in battle</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: (<b class="b3">-μιγ-</b>, s. below; posthom.), <b class="b3">-ύω</b> (X., Arist.), <b class="b3">μίσγω</b> (Hom., IA. usw.), <b class="b3">ὀνεμείχνυτο</b> (Sapph.), aor. <b class="b3">μεῖξαι</b>, midd. (ep.) <b class="b3">μίκτο</b> (<b class="b3">σ-</b> or root aor., Schwyzer 751, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 383), pass. <b class="b3">μιγῆναι</b> with fut. <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>, <b class="b3">μ(ε)ιχθῆναι</b> with <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">μείξω</b>, <b class="b3">-ομαι</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">μέμ(ε)ιγμαι</b>; act. (hell.) <b class="b3">μέμιχα</b>.<br />Compounds: Very often with prefix, e.g <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>. As 1. member in governing compp. <b class="b3">μ(ε)ιξ(ο</b>)-, e.g. <b class="b3">μιξ-έλληνες</b> pl. <b class="b2">mixed-, halfhellenes</b> (Hellanik., hell.), <b class="b3">μ(ε)ιξό-θροος</b> <b class="b2">mixing the crying, with mixed crys</b> (A.); also <b class="b3">μισγ-</b>, esp in <b class="b3">μισγ-άγκεια</b> f. <b class="b2">place, where clefts meet</b> (Δ 453), from <b class="b3">*μισγ-αγκής</b>, s. Schwyzer 442, Sommer Nominalkomp. 174 f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 15. As 2. member in <b class="b3">παμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">συμ-μιγής</b> etc. (IA.); from there <b class="b3">μιγής</b> (Nic-.; Schwyzer 426 a. 513), <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-μίξ</b> adv. [[mixed]] (Il.).<br />Derivatives: Few derivv. 1. (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>) <b class="b3">μεῖξις</b> (<b class="b3">-ι-</b>) <b class="b2">mixing etc.</b> (IA.; Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 100 A. 2); 2. <b class="b3">μεῖγμα</b> (<b class="b3">-ί-</b>) [[mixing]] (Emp., Anaxag., Arist.; <b class="b3">μεῖχμ[α</b>] Alc.); 3. <b class="b3">ἐπιμ(ε)ιξία</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b> [[mixing]], [[intercourse]] (IA.); from <b class="b3">ἐπίμ(ε)ικ-τος</b>. 4. <b class="b3">μιγάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> m. f. [[mixed]], [[together]] (Att.). 5. Several adverbs: (<b class="b3">σύμ-)μίγα</b>, <b class="b3">μιγά-δην</b>, <b class="b3">-δις</b>, <b class="b3">μίγ-δα</b>, <b class="b3">-δην</b> (ep. poet.). 6. <b class="b3">μιγάζομαι</b> [[mix]], [[unite]] (θ 271 : <b class="b3">μίγα</b>, <b class="b3">μιγάς</b>; Schwyzer 734).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [714] *meiǵ\/ḱ- [[mix]].<br />Etymology: Whether <b class="b3">μίγνυμι</b>, which is fequent in mss., is an original zero grade, is very doubtful. Prob. <b class="b3">μείγνυμι</b>, built after <b class="b3">μεῖξαι</b>, <b class="b3">μείξω</b> was early (Schwyzer 697 w. n. 5). Also for other, in principle zero grade forms (<b class="b3">μίξις</b>, (<b class="b3">σύμ</b>) <b class="b3">-μικτος</b>, <b class="b3">μέμιγμαι</b>) the full grade is often found, <b class="b3">μεῖξις</b> etc. For the media in <b class="b3">μίσγω</b>, if from <b class="b3">*μίγ-σκ-ω</b> (diff. Wackernagel KZ 33, 39 = Kl. Schr. 1, 718: from <b class="b3">*μι-μσγ-ω</b> to Lat. [[mergō]] etc.), <b class="b3">μιγῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">μίγα</b> all other languages have tenuis, IE <b class="b2">*m(e)iḱ-</b>: Skt. <b class="b2">miś-rá-</b> = Lith. <b class="b2">mìš-ras</b> [[mixed]], Balt., e.g. Lith. <b class="b2">miešiù</b>, <b class="b2">miẽšti</b> [[mix]], Slav. (caus.), e.g. OCS <b class="b2">měšǫ</b>, <b class="b2">měšiti</b> [[mix]]. An iranian <b class="b2">maēz-</b> (IE <b class="b2">*meiǵ-</b>) in the sense of [[mix]], adopted by Smith Lang. 4, 178ff. because of Y. 44, 20, does not exist, s. Humbach Münch. Stud. 2, 7, where de form is connected from <b class="b2">maēz-</b> [[urinate]]. A <b class="b2">sḱ-</b>present is also well represented in the West: Lat. [[misceō]], OIr.<b class="b2">mesc(a)id</b> <b class="b2">mixes, dips in, confuses</b>, Germ., e.g. OHG [[miscan]], NHG [[mischen]] (if not Lat. LW [loanword]). The <b class="b3">νυ-</b>present however is limited to Greek (so prob. innovation). The nasalinfixed GAv. <b class="b2">minaš-</b>, mostly rendered as <b class="b2">you shall mix</b> (pres. <b class="b2">myāsa-</b>), is by Humbach l.c. also derived from <b class="b2">maēz-</b> [[urinate]]. Indian has a reduplicated <b class="b2">s-</b>formation in <b class="b2">mí-mikṣ-ati</b> [[mix]] (prob. prop. desiderative), with perf. <b class="b2">mimikṣé</b>, caus. <b class="b2">mekṣayati</b>. On themselves stand the full grade forms Skt. pres. <b class="b2">myakṣati</b> = Av. <b class="b2">myāsa-</b>; on the root analysis s. Kuiper Nasalpräs. 123. Also the aorist <b class="b3">μεῖξαι</b> is isolated as well as <b class="b3">μιγῆναι</b> and the other forms with <b class="b3">γ</b>, which is prob. due to assimilation. -- Details in WP. 2, 244f., Pok.714, W. -Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. [[misceō]], Fraenkel s. <b class="b2">miẽšti</b>, Vasmer s. <b class="b2">mesítь</b>. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">mix, bring together, connect</b>, midd. <b class="b2">mix with each other, convene in battle</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: (<b class="b3">-μιγ-</b>, s. below; posthom.), <b class="b3">-ύω</b> (X., Arist.), <b class="b3">μίσγω</b> (Hom., IA. usw.), <b class="b3">ὀνεμείχνυτο</b> (Sapph.), aor. <b class="b3">μεῖξαι</b>, midd. (ep.) <b class="b3">μίκτο</b> (<b class="b3">σ-</b> or root aor., Schwyzer 751, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 383), pass. <b class="b3">μιγῆναι</b> with fut. <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>, <b class="b3">μ(ε)ιχθῆναι</b> with <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">μείξω</b>, <b class="b3">-ομαι</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">μέμ(ε)ιγμαι</b>; act. (hell.) <b class="b3">μέμιχα</b>.<br />Compounds: Very often with prefix, e.g <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>. As 1. member in governing compp. <b class="b3">μ(ε)ιξ(ο</b>)-, e.g. <b class="b3">μιξ-έλληνες</b> pl. <b class="b2">mixed-, halfhellenes</b> (Hellanik., hell.), <b class="b3">μ(ε)ιξό-θροος</b> <b class="b2">mixing the crying, with mixed crys</b> (A.); also <b class="b3">μισγ-</b>, esp in <b class="b3">μισγ-άγκεια</b> f. <b class="b2">place, where clefts meet</b> (Δ 453), from <b class="b3">*μισγ-αγκής</b>, s. Schwyzer 442, Sommer Nominalkomp. 174 f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 15. As 2. member in <b class="b3">παμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">συμ-μιγής</b> etc. (IA.); from there <b class="b3">μιγής</b> (Nic-.; Schwyzer 426 a. 513), <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-μίξ</b> adv. [[mixed]] (Il.).<br />Derivatives: Few derivv. 1. (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>) <b class="b3">μεῖξις</b> (<b class="b3">-ι-</b>) <b class="b2">mixing etc.</b> (IA.; Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 100 A. 2); 2. <b class="b3">μεῖγμα</b> (<b class="b3">-ί-</b>) [[mixing]] (Emp., Anaxag., Arist.; <b class="b3">μεῖχμ[α</b>] Alc.); 3. <b class="b3">ἐπιμ(ε)ιξία</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b> [[mixing]], [[intercourse]] (IA.); from <b class="b3">ἐπίμ(ε)ικ-τος</b>. 4. <b class="b3">μιγάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> m. f. [[mixed]], [[together]] (Att.). 5. Several adverbs: (<b class="b3">σύμ-)μίγα</b>, <b class="b3">μιγά-δην</b>, <b class="b3">-δις</b>, <b class="b3">μίγ-δα</b>, <b class="b3">-δην</b> (ep. poet.). 6. <b class="b3">μιγάζομαι</b> [[mix]], [[unite]] (θ 271 : <b class="b3">μίγα</b>, <b class="b3">μιγάς</b>; Schwyzer 734).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [714] *meiǵ\/ḱ- [[mix]].<br />Etymology: Whether <b class="b3">μίγνυμι</b>, which is fequent in mss., is an original zero grade, is very doubtful. Prob. <b class="b3">μείγνυμι</b>, built after <b class="b3">μεῖξαι</b>, <b class="b3">μείξω</b> was early (Schwyzer 697 w. n. 5). Also for other, in principle zero grade forms (<b class="b3">μίξις</b>, (<b class="b3">σύμ</b>) <b class="b3">-μικτος</b>, <b class="b3">μέμιγμαι</b>) the full grade is often found, <b class="b3">μεῖξις</b> etc. For the media in <b class="b3">μίσγω</b>, if from <b class="b3">*μίγ-σκ-ω</b> (diff. Wackernagel KZ 33, 39 = Kl. Schr. 1, 718: from <b class="b3">*μι-μσγ-ω</b> to Lat. [[mergō]] etc.), <b class="b3">μιγῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">μίγα</b> all other languages have tenuis, IE <b class="b2">*m(e)iḱ-</b>: Skt. <b class="b2">miś-rá-</b> = Lith. <b class="b2">mìš-ras</b> [[mixed]], Balt., e.g. Lith. <b class="b2">miešiù</b>, <b class="b2">miẽšti</b> [[mix]], Slav. (caus.), e.g. OCS <b class="b2">měšǫ</b>, <b class="b2">měšiti</b> [[mix]]. An iranian <b class="b2">maēz-</b> (IE <b class="b2">*meiǵ-</b>) in the sense of [[mix]], adopted by Smith Lang. 4, 178ff. because of Y. 44, 20, does not exist, s. Humbach Münch. Stud. 2, 7, where de form is connected from <b class="b2">maēz-</b> [[urinate]]. A <b class="b2">sḱ-</b>present is also well represented in the West: Lat. [[misceō]], OIr.<b class="b2">mesc(a)id</b> <b class="b2">mixes, dips in, confuses</b>, Germ., e.g. OHG [[miscan]], NHG [[mischen]] (if not Lat. LW [loanword]). The <b class="b3">νυ-</b>present however is limited to Greek (so prob. innovation). The nasalinfixed GAv. <b class="b2">minaš-</b>, mostly rendered as <b class="b2">you shall mix</b> (pres. <b class="b2">myāsa-</b>), is by Humbach l.c. also derived from <b class="b2">maēz-</b> [[urinate]]. Indian has a reduplicated <b class="b2">s-</b>formation in <b class="b2">mí-mikṣ-ati</b> [[mix]] (prob. prop. desiderative), with perf. <b class="b2">mimikṣé</b>, caus. <b class="b2">mekṣayati</b>. On themselves stand the full grade forms Skt. pres. <b class="b2">myakṣati</b> = Av. <b class="b2">myāsa-</b>; on the root analysis s. Kuiper Nasalpräs. 123. Also the aorist <b class="b3">μεῖξαι</b> is isolated as well as <b class="b3">μιγῆναι</b> and the other forms with <b class="b3">γ</b>, which is prob. due to assimilation. -- Details in WP. 2, 244f., Pok.714, W. -Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. [[misceō]], Fraenkel s. <b class="b2">miẽšti</b>, Vasmer s. <b class="b2">mesítь</b>. | ||
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|ftr='''μείγνυμι''': {meígnumi}<br />'''Forms''': (-ί-, s. unten; nachhom.), -ύω (X., Arist. u. a.), [[μίσγω]] (Hom., ion. att. usw.), ὀνεμείχνυτο (Sapph.), Aor. [[μεῖξαι]], Med. (ep.) [[μίκτο]] (σ- od. Wz. aor., Schwyzer 751, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 383), Pass. μιγῆναι mit Fut. -ήσομαι, μ(ε)ιχθῆναι mit -ήσομαι, Fut. μείξω, -ομαι, Perf. Med. μέμ(ε)ιγμαι; Akt. (hell.) [[μέμιχα]],<br />'''Grammar''': v.<br />'''Meaning''': ‘mischen, unter-, durcheinander bringen, verbinden’, Med. [[sich mischen]], [[verkehren]], [[im Kampfe zusammentreffen]] (seit Il.).<br />'''Composita''' : sehr oft mit Präfix, z.B. συν-, ἐπι-, κατα-, ἀνα-, Als Vorderglied in verbalen Rektionskompp. μ(ε)ιξ(ο)-, z.B. [[μιξέλληνες]] pl. ‘Misch-, Halbhellenen’ (Hellanik., hell.), μ(ε)ιξόθροος [[das Geschrei mischend]], [[mit gemischtem Geschrei]] (A.); auch μισγ-, namentlich in [[μισγάγκεια]] f. [[Stelle]], [[wo sich die Schluchten vermischen]], [[Kesselschlucht]] (Δ 453), von *μισγαγκής, s. Schwyzer 442, Sommer Nominalkomp. 174 f. m. Lit., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 15. Als Hinterglied in παμ-, ἀνα-, [[συμμιγής]] usw. (ion. att.); daraus [[μιγής]] (Nil-.; Schwyzer 426 u. 513), ἀνα-, [[ἐπιμίξ]] Adv. [[durcheinander]] (seit Il.).<br />'''Derivative''': Wenige Ableitungen. 1. (σύμ- u. a.) [[μεῖξις]] (-ι-) [[Vermischung]] (ion. att.; Holt Les noms d’action en -σις 100 A. 2); 2. [[μεῖγμα]] (-ί-) [[Mischung]] (Emp., Anaxag., Arist. usw.; μεῖχμ[α] Alk.); 3. ἐπιμ(ε)ιξία, -ίη ‘Vermischung, Ver- kehr’ (ion. att.); von ἐπίμ(ε)ικτος. 4. [[μιγάς]], -άδος m. f. [[gemischt]], [[untereinander]] (att. usw.). 5. Mehrere Adverbia: (σύμ-)[[μίγα]], [[μιγάδην]], -δις, [[μίγδα]], -δην (vorw. ep. poet.). 6. [[μιγάζομαι]] [[sich vermischen]], [[vereinigen]] (θ 271 : [[μίγα]], [[μιγάς]]; Schwyzer 734 m. Lit.).<br />'''Etymology''' : Ob in dem handschriftl. gewöhnlich gebotenen [[μίγνυμι]] sich eine ursprüngliche Schwundstufe erhalten hat, ist sehr fraglich. Wahrscheinlich war das nach [[μεῖξαι]], μείξω gebildete [[μείγνυμι]] schon früher da (Schwyzer 697 m. A. 5 u. Lit.). Auch für andere, im Prinzip schwundstufige Formen ([[μίξις]], (σύμ) -μικτος, μέμιγμαι) kommt wenigstens als alternative Schreibung die sekundäre Hochstufe [[μεῖξις]] usw. in Betracht. Der in [[μίσγω]], wenn aus *μίγσκω (anders Wackernagel KZ 33, 39 = Kl. Schr. 1, 718: aus *μιμσγω zu lat. ''mergō'' usw.), μιγῆναι, [[μίγα]] erscheinenden Media steht in allen anderen Sprachen die entsprechende Tenuis, idg. ''m''(''e'')''iḱ''- gegen-über: aind. ''miś''-''rá''- = lit. ''mìš''-''ras'' [[vermischt]], balt., z.B. lit. ''miešiù'', ''miẽšti'' [[mischen]], [[vermengen]], slav. (Kaus.), z.B. aksl. ''měšǫ'', ''měšiti'' [[mischen]]. Ein iranisches ''maēz''- (idg. ''meiĝ''-) im Sinn von [[mischen]], von Smith Lang. 4, 178ff. wegen Y. 44, 20 angenommen, existiert nicht, s. Humbach Münch. Stud. 2, 7, wo die betreffende Form zu ''maēz''- [[harnen]] gezogen wird. Ein ''sḱ''-Präsens ist auch im Westen stark vertreten: lat. ''misceō'', air. ''mesc''(''a'')''id'' [[mischt]], [[taucht ein]], [[verwirrt]], germ., z.B. ahd. ''miscan'', nhd. ''mischen'' (wenn nicht lat. LW). Dagegen ist das νυ-Präsens auf das Griech. beschränkt (mithin wohl Neubildung). Das nasalinfigierte g. aw. ''minaš''-, gewöhnlich mit [[du sollst mischen]] wiedergegeben (Präs. ''myāsa''-), wird von Humbach a.a.O. ebenfalls zu ''maēz''- [[harnen]] gestellt. Das Indische bietet eine reduplizierte ''s''-Bildung in ''mí''-''mikṣ''-''ati'' [[mischen]] (wohl eig. Desiderativ), wozu Perf. ''mimikṣé'', Kaus. ''mekṣayati''. Für sich stehen die hochstufigen Formen aind. Präs. ''myakṣati'' = aw. ''myāsa''-; zu der daran anknüpfenden Wurzelanalyse s. Kuiper Nasalpräs. 123. Auch der Aorist [[μεῖξαι]] steht isoliert ebenso wie μιγῆναι und die übrigen Formen mit γ, das wahrscheinlich durch Assimilation mit einem folgenden tönenden Konsonanten entstand. — Einzelheiten m. reicher Lit. bei WP. 2, 244f., Pok.714, W. -Hofmann und Ernout-Meillet s. ''misceō'', Fraenkel s. ''miẽšti'', Vasmer s. ''mesítь''.<br />'''Page''' 2,192-193 | |||
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