θώραξ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ᾱκος, Ep. and Ion. θώρηξ, ηκος, Aeol. θόρραξ <span class="bibl">Alc.15</span> (codd. Ath.), ὁ:—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">corslet</b>, θ. χάλκεος <span class="bibl">Il.23.560</span>; παναίολος <span class="bibl">11.374</span>; πολυδαίδαλος <span class="bibl">4.136</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.19</span>, etc.; δεκάμνουν θώρηκος κύτος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>1224</span>; ἔξαιρε παῖ θώρακα… τὸν χοᾶ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1133</span>; θ… γυάλοισιν ἀρηρώς <span class="bibl">Il.15.529</span> (<b class="b3">γύαλα</b> expld. as front- and back-piece fastened with <b class="b3">περόναι</b>, <span class="bibl">Paus.10.26.5</span>); θώρηκος γύαλον <span class="bibl">Il.5.99</span>; <b class="b3">ὅθι διπλόος ἤντετο θ</b>. <span class="bibl">4.133</span>; κατὰ ζώνην θώρηκος ἔνερθε <span class="bibl">11.234</span>; linen <b class="b2">jerkin</b> (not worn by Homeric Greeks acc. to Sch.<span class="bibl">Il.2.529</span>, but cf. [[λινοθώρηξ]]), θόρρακες νέω λίνω Alc. l.c., cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.182</span>, <span class="bibl">3.47</span>, <span class="title">Chron.Lind.</span>C.<span class="bibl">36</span>, <span class="bibl">Paus.6.19.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">coat of mail, scale armour</b>, θ. χρύσεος λεπιδωτός <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">74</span>; φολιδωτός <span class="bibl">Posidipp.26.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Paus.1.21.6</span>; of chain mail, v. [[ἁλυσιδωτός]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">slough</b> of a serpent, <b class="b3">καθάπερ ὄφις παλαιὸν ἀποδύεται θ</b>. <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Chr.</span>88</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">part covered by the</b> θώραξ <span class="bibl">1</span>, <b class="b2">trunk</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">de Arte</span>10</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>1095</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>493a5</span>; κεφαλῆς καὶ θώρακος καὶ τῆς κάτω κοιλίας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>962a34</span>; sts. taken as extending below the midriff, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>69e</span>; ἀπ' αὐχένος μέχρι αἰδοίων <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>491a30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span>686b5</span>, <b class="b3">ἐν τῷ κάτω θώρακος χωρίῳ</b>, of the abdominal cavity, Gal.16.448; but also of the <b class="b2">chest, thorax</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>493a17</span>:—there is a play on signfs. <span class="bibl">1</span> and <span class="bibl">11</span> in <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1194</span> sq. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">thorax</b> of crustaceans, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">HA</span>601a13</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">bandage for the chest</b>, Heliod. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.48.48</span> tit., <span class="bibl">Sor.<span class="title">Fasc.</span>33</span>, cf. Gal.18(1).817. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> = [[θωράκιον]] 11, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.181</span>, <span class="bibl">D.C.74.10</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[cuirass]] (Il.), [[trunk]], [[chest]] (Hp.).<br />Other forms: Ion. <b class="b3">θώρηξ</b>, hyper-Aeol. pl. <b class="b3">θόρρακες</b> (Alc.),<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. <b class="b2">to-ra-ke</b> n.pl.<br />Compounds: compp., e. g. <b class="b3">θωρακο-φόρος</b> <b class="b2">wearing a cuirass</b>, <b class="b3">χαλκεο-θώρηξ</b> <b class="b2">with bronze cuirass</b>.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">θωρακεῖον</b> (A., inscr.), <b class="b3">θωράκιον</b> (Plb.) [[breastwork]], [[parapet]]; <b class="b3">θωρηκτής</b> <b class="b2">soldier with cuirass</b> (Il.; on the formation Trümpy [s. below] Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 14, 232 n. 8), <b class="b3">θωρακίτης</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Plb.); <b class="b3">θωρακικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the trunk</b> (Aët.), <b class="b3">θωρακαῖος</b> <b class="b2">with cuirass (?)</b> (Delos IIa). Denomin. verbs: 1. <b class="b3">θωρήσσομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ω</b> <b class="b2">put on a cuirass, armour yourself</b> (Il.), also metaph. <b class="b2">strengthen onseself (with wine, οἴνῳ, etc.)</b> (Hp., Thgn.) with <b class="b3">θώρηξις</b> <b class="b2">drinking to intoxication</b> (medic.). 2. <b class="b3">θωρακίζω</b> [[armour]] (Th., X.) with <b class="b3">θωρακισμός</b> (LXX).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Technical word without etymology, probably a loan. Earlier as inherited connected with Skt. <b class="b2">dhāraka-</b> [[container]] (cf. on <b class="b3">θρᾶνος</b>, <b class="b3">θρόνος</b>), but also as LW [loanword] compared with Lat. [[lōrīca]]. The meaning <b class="b2">trunk etc.</b> is prob. as medical term secondary against [[cuirass]], [[armour]]. - Ample treatment by Trümpy Fachausdrücke 10ff. Also Hester, Lingua 13 (1965) 354. - Most prob. a Pre-Greek word; Fur. 302 n. 35 points to a v.l. <b class="b3">θύραξ</b>, which would prove Pre-Greek origin (Fur. gives more examples of <b class="b3">ω</b>\/<b class="b3">υ</b>; I think that Pre-Gr. [[u]] often was rendered by <b class="b3">ω</b>, as it did not have a phoneme <b class="b3">ω</b>, nor <b class="b3">ο</b>); the suffix <b class="b3">-ακ-</b> is very frequent in Pre-Greek.