ἴς: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=<b class="b3">ἰνός</b><br />Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[sinew]] (Hom., Hp., Archil., Ar.), <b class="b2">sinew of the neck</b> (Ρ 522), <b class="b2">vessels of the muscles, fibrine, of plants, ribs of leaves</b> (Pl., Arist., Thphr.); details of the botan. use in Strömberg Theophrastea 129ff.).<br />Other forms: mostly pl. <b class="b3">ἶνες</b>, dat. <b class="b3">ἴνεσι</b>, late <b class="b3">ἰσίν</b>, <b class="b3">ἴναις</b>.<br />Compounds: compp. <b class="b3">ἄ-</b>, <b class="b3">πολύ-ϊνος</b> <b class="b2">without, with many ἶνες</b> etc. (Thphr.; Strömberg 135).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἰνίον</b> n. <b class="b2">the sinews at the back of the head, the neck</b> (Il., Hp., Arist.; cf. <b class="b3">κρανίον</b> and Chantraine Formation 59); <b class="b3">ἰνώδης</b> [[sinewy]], [[fibrous]] (X., Arist., Thphr.); prob. also <b class="b3">ἰναία δύναμις</b> H. (quite uncertain conj. Peripl. M. Rubr. 46); denomin. verbs: <b class="b3">ἰνόω</b> <b class="b2">provide with ἶνες, stengthen</b> (Hdn.), <b class="b3">ἐξ-ινόω</b> <b class="b2">remove the ἶνες, make powerless</b> (Lyc.), also <b class="b3">ἐξ-ινίζω</b>, <b class="b3">-ινιάζω</b> (Gal., Peripl. M. Rubr. a. o.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: The question rises, whether <b class="b3">ἴς</b> [[sinew]] arose from a remarkable concretization of <b class="b3">ἴς</b> [[strength]] or was a separate word. Old is the assumption (e. g. G. Meyer Gr.3 418), that the <b class="b3">ν-</b>stem inflexion <b class="b3">ἶν-α</b>, <b class="b3">ἶν-ες</b> etc. arose from an expected acc. <b class="b3">(Ϝ)ῖν-α</b>; in formal respect this gives a possible solution. - Scheftelowitz IF 33, 158f. assumes an independent word <b class="b3">(Ϝ)ίς</b>, <b class="b3">(Ϝ)ινός</b> [[sinew]] (cf. <b class="b3">γίς ἱμάς</b> H.), from a verb [[bow]], [[bend]] (s. <b class="b3">ἴτυς</b>, <b class="b3">ἶρις</b>).