ἀρχή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, (v. <b class="b3">ἄρχω</b>) <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">beginning, origin</b>, νείκεος ἀ. <span class="bibl">Il.22.116</span>; πήματος <span class="bibl">Od.8.81</span>; φόνου <span class="bibl">21.4</span>, etc.; opp. <b class="b3">τέλος</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.51</span>, etc.; opp. <b class="b3">τελευτή</b>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.607</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>715e</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span>1.1</span>; ἀ. γενέσθαι κακῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.97</span>; ἀ. ποιήσασθαί τινος <span class="bibl">Th.1.128</span>, <span class="bibl">And.2.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.120</span>, etc.; ἀ. λαβεῖν τινός <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.11</span>; τὰς ἀρχὰς εἰληφέναι <span class="bibl">Plb.4.28.3</span>; <b class="b3">ἀρχὴν ὑποθέσθαι</b> lay <b class="b2">a foundation</b>, <span class="bibl">D.3.2</span>, etc.; βαλέσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>326e</span> (and Pass., ἀρχαὶ βέβληνται <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>1.8</span>); ἀρχὴν ἄρχεσθαί τινος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>36e</span>; <b class="b2">source</b> of action, [ὁ ἄνθρωπος] ἔχει ἀρχὴν ἐλευθέραν <span class="bibl">Plot.3.3.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> with Preps. in adverbial usages, <b class="b3">ἐξ ἀρχῆς</b> from <b class="b2">the beginning</b>, from <b class="b2">the first</b>, from <b class="b2">of old</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.188</span>, <span class="bibl">Xenoph.10</span>, etc.; οὑξ ἀ. φίλος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>385</span>; ἡ ἐξ ἀ. ἔχθρα <span class="bibl">D.54.3</span>; τὸ ἐξ ἀ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>12.6</span>; but πλουτεῖν ἐξ ἀ. πάλιν <b class="b2">anew, afresh</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>221</span>; λόγον πάλιν ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀ. κινεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>450a</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ἐξ ἀ. λόγος</b> the <b class="b2">original</b> argument, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>177c</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ ἐξ ἀ</b>. the <b class="b2">principal sum</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1280a30</span>:—also ἀπ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>425</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.104</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.25</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>344</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>206d</span>; <b class="b3">κατ' ἀρχάς</b> in <b class="b2">the beginning</b>, at <b class="b2">first</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.153</span>, <span class="bibl">7.5</span>; αὐτίκα κατ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Id.8.94</span>; τὸ κατ' ἀ. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>798a</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> acc. <b class="b3">ἀρχήν</b>, abs., <b class="b2">to begin with, at first</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.9</span>, <span class="bibl">2.28</span>, <span class="bibl">8.132</span>; τὴν ἀρχήν <span class="bibl">And.3.20</span>: pl., τὰς ἀρχάς <span class="bibl">Plb.16.22.8</span>: freq. followed by a neg., not <b class="b2">at all</b>, ἀρχὴν μηδὲ λαβών <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.39</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.193</span>, al.; ἀ. δὲ θηρᾶν οὐ πρέπει τἀμήχανα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>92</span>; ἀ. κλύειν ἂν οὐκ . . ἐβουλόμην <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1239</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>439</span>, <span class="bibl">Philol.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho5.73</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>478c</span>; sts. c. Art., τοῦτο οὐκ ἐνδέκομαι τὴν ἀ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.25</span>; τὴν ἀ. γὰρ ἐξῆν αὐτῷ μὴ γράφειν <span class="bibl">D.23.93</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">first principle, element</b>, first so used by Anaximander, acc. to <span class="bibl">Simp. <span class="title">in Ph.</span>150.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Metaph.</span>983b11</span>, etc.; Ἡράκλειτος τὴν ἀ. εἶναί φησι ψυχήν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">de An.</span>405a25</span>; of <b class="b3">ὕλη</b> and <b class="b3">θεός</b>, opp. <b class="b3">στοιχεῖα</b>, <span class="title">Placit.</span>1.3.25; <b class="b2">practical principle</b> of conduct, τῶν πράξεων τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ὑποθέσεις <span class="bibl">D. 2.10</span>; <b class="b2">principles</b> of knowledge, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>995b8</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">end, corner</b>, of a bandage, rope, sheet, etc., <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.60</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Off.</span>9</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span> 762</span>, <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.18.14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>10.11</span>; of a compound pulley, <span class="bibl">Hero <span class="title">Bel.</span>84.14</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> Math., <b class="b2">origin</b> of a curve, τῆς ἕλικος <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Spir.</span> 11</span> <span class="title">Def.</span>2, etc.; ξυνὸν ἀ. καὶ πέρας ἐπὶ κύκλου περιφερείας <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 103</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">branch</b> of a river, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>2.10</span> (pl.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">sum, total</b>, ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Nu.</span>1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b2">vital organs</b> of the body, Gal.1.318, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">first place</b> or <b class="b2">power, sovereignty</b> (not in Hom.), Διὸς ἀρχά <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.64</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.6</span>, etc.; γενέσθαι ἐπ' ἀρχῆς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1284b2</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">μεγάλην μεντἂν ἀ. εἴης εὑρηκώς</b>, of a stroke of fortune, <span class="bibl">D.21.196</span>: pl., ἀρχαὶ πολισσονόμοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>864</span> (lyr.); τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρχὰς σέβων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>744</span>, etc.: c. gen. rei, τῆσδ' ἔχων ἀρχὴν χθονός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>737</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τῶν νεῶν, τῆς θαλάσσης</b>, <b class="b2">power over</b> them, <span class="bibl">Th.3.90</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ath.</span>2.7</span>, etc.: prov., <b class="b3">ἀ. ἄνδρα δείξει</b> Biasap.<span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1130a1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Prooem.</span>48</span>; <b class="b2">method of government</b>, οὐδὲ τὴν ἄλλην ἀ. ἐπαχθής <span class="bibl">Th.6.54</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">empire, realm</b>, <b class="b3">Κύρου, Περδίκκου ἀ</b>., <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.91</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.128</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">magistracy, office</b>, <b class="b3">ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, παραλαμβάνειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.80</span>, <span class="bibl">4.147</span>; καταστήσας τὰς ἀ. καὶ ἄρχοντας ἐπιστήσας <span class="bibl">Id.3.89</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς ἀ. καθίστασθαι</b> <span class="bibl">Th.8.70</span>; <b class="b3">εἰς τὴν ἀ. εἰσιέναι</b> <span class="bibl">D.59.72</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀ. λαχεῖν</b> to obtain <b class="b2">an office</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.57.25</span>; Ἑλληνοταμίαι τότε πρῶτον κατέστη ἀ. <span class="bibl">Th.1.96</span>; ἐνιαύσιος ἀ. <span class="bibl">Id.6.54</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. χειροτονητή, κληρωτή</b>, Lex ap.<span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.21</span>; withsg. Noun, Κυθηροδίκης ἀ. ἐκ τῆς Σπάρτης διέβαινεν αὐτόσε <span class="bibl">Th.4.53</span>; <b class="b2">term of office</b>, ἀρχῆς λοιποὶ αὐτῷ δύο μῆνες <span class="bibl">Antipho6.42</span>; ἀρχαὶ καὶ λειτουργίαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>119.16</span> (iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> in pl., αἱ ἀρχαί <b class="b2">the authorities, the magistrates</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.5.47</span>, cf. Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">And.1.83</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν ταῖς ἀ. εἶναι</b> <span class="bibl">Th.6.54</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἀρχή</b> collectively, 'the board', <span class="bibl">D.47.22</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>1.229, etc.; παραδιδόναι τινὰ τῇ ἀ. <span class="bibl">Antipho5.48</span>; but <b class="b3">ἡ ἀ</b>., of a single <b class="b2">magistrate</b>, <span class="bibl">PHal.1.226</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">κατ' ἀρχῆς γὰρ φιλαίτιος λεώς</b> against <b class="b2">authority</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>485</span>; πομποὺς ἀρχάς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>124</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">command</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">body of troops</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ki.</span>13.17</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> pl., <b class="b2">heavenly powers</b>, Ep.Rom.8.38, al., cf. <span class="bibl">Dam. <span class="title">Pr.</span>96</span>; <b class="b2">powers of evil</b>, Ep.Eph.6.12, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> = [[εἶδος μελίσσης ἀκέντρου]], Hsch.</span>

|auten=([[ἄρχω]]): [[beginning]]; εἵνεκ' ἐμῆς ἔριδος καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκ ἀρχῆς, and ‘its [[beginning]] by [[Alexander]],’ said by Menelāus, [[making]] [[Paris]] the [[aggressor]], Il. 3.100 ; ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ‘of [[old]].’

|dgtxt=-ῆς, ἡ<br /><br /><b class="num">• Alolema(s):</b> dór. y beoc. [[ἀρχά]] Pi.<i>O</i>.2.58, Philol.B 3, Archim.<i>Spir</i>.11 <i>Def</i>.2, <i>SIG</i> 1185.10 (Tanagra III a.C.); lesb. ἄρχα <i>IG</i> 12(2).1.8 (Mitilene IV a.C.)<br /><b class="num">A</b> en sent. temp.<br /><b class="num">I</b> gener.<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[principio]], [[comienzo]], [[origen]] c. gen. αὐτῆς ἀ. ἢ τελευτὴ ἢ μέσον Hp.<i>Morb</i>.1.1, ἀ. τε καὶ τελευτὴ καὶ μέσα τῶν ὄντων Pl.<i>Lg</i>.715e, νείκεος <i>Il</i>.22.116, Colluth.10, πήματος <i>Od</i>.8.81, φόνου <i>Od</i>.21.4, μόθου Colluth.62, (τοῦ ὕμνου) Pi.<i>N</i>.1.8, τοῦ εὐαγγελίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ <i>Eu.Marc</i>.1.1, τῶν κακῶν Hdt.5.97 (cf. [[ἀρχέκακος]]), τοῦ παντὸς πράγματος Th.1.128, συνουσίας D.P.<i>Au</i>.1.25, πάντων ἀγαθῶν <i>POxy</i>.1021.10 (I d.C.), de Dios ἀ. καὶ τέλος τῶν ἁπάντων I.<i>AI</i> 8.280, cf. de Selene ἀ. καὶ τέλος εἶ <i>Hymn.Mag</i>.18.35<br /><b class="num">•</b>otras constr. θείαν ἀρχὴν ἤρξατο Pl.<i>Ti</i>.36e, ποιήσασθαι τὴν ἀρχήν Isoc.12.120, cf. D.3.2, Aeschin.1.11, Diog.Oen.64.4.9, Ptol.<i>Iudic</i>.22.8, ὑπογεγράφθαι τὴν ἀρχὴν τοιαύτην que estaba escrito este comienzo</i> Plb.12.9.3<br /><b class="num">•</b>fig. ἀρχὴν βαλέσθαι τῶν νῦν γεγονότων echar los cimientos de los acontecimientos actuales</i> Pl.<i>Ep</i>.326e<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. prep. o ac. de rel. diversos sent.:<br /><b class="num">a)</b> c. prep. de dat. ἀρχῇ ἔπι [[en el comienzo]] Thgn.607<br /><b class="num">•</b>ἐν ἀρχῇ [[en el principio]] ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν LXX <i>Ge</i>.1.1, ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ Λόγος <i>Eu.Io</i>.1.1<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[ἅμα]] ἀρχῇ [[al principio]] Hdt.7.51;<br /><b class="num">b)</b> c. prep. de gen.: ἐξ ἀρχῆς [[desde el principio]] Xenoph.B 10, Is.5.5, D.48proem., <i>PN.York</i> 20.10 (IV d.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>ἀπὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς <i>PN.York</i> 8.2, 10.10 (ambos IV d.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>ἀπ' ἀρχῆς Hes.<i>Th</i>.425, Pi.<i>P</i>.8.25, A.<i>Supp</i>.344, Hdt.2.104<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[por el principio]] ἵνα ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἄρξωμαι X.<i>Lac</i>.1.3<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[de antiguo]], [[de viejo]] ξεῖνοι ... εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι ἐξ ἀρχῆς <i>Od</i>.1.188, οὑξ ἀρχῆς φίλος S.<i>OT</i> 385, τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐνόμισαν X.<i>Cyn</i>.12.6, ἡ γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἔχθρα D.54.3<br /><b class="num">•</b>ἐξ ἀρχῆς πάλιν [[de nuevo]] Pherecr.113.33, Ar.<i>Ra</i>.591, <i>Pl</i>.221, πάλιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς Ar.<i>Pl</i>.866, <i>Pax</i> 997, Pl.<i>R</i>.490c, <i>Phd</i>.105b, Mnesim.4.24, Men.<i>Th.Fr</i>.1.2, πάλιν ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀρχῆς Pl.<i>R</i>.450a<br /><b class="num">•</b>simpl. ἐξ ἀρχῆς [[de nuevo]] τάξαι And.4.11, γεγονέναι Hyp.<i>Epit</i>.28<br /><b class="num">•</b>a veces ἐξ ἀρχῆς conviene trad. por un adj. o sintagma de adj. [[inicial]], [[del principio]], [[originario]] ὁ ἐξ ἀρχῆς λόγος el tema inicial</i> Pl.<i>Tht</i>.177c, ἐκ τῶν ἐξ ἀρχῆς a partir de las premisas originales</i> Arist.<i>APr</i>.27^a17 (pero cf. <i>infra</i> II 2), ἡ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὑπόθεσις Epicur.<i>Fr</i>.[26.45] 8, contextualmente admite otras trad. κωφὸς ἀπ' ἀρχῆς mudo de nacimiento</i> Pl.<i>Tht</i>.206d, τὰ ἐξ ἀρχῆς el principal</i>, el capital</i> Arist.<i>Pol</i>.1280^a30;<br /><b class="num">c)</b> c. prep. de ac. [[al principio]], [[al comienzo]] κατ' ἀρχάς Hdt.3.153, 7.5, 8.94, Pl.<i>Lg</i>.798a, ἐν τᾷ λέξει τᾷ κατ' ἀρχάς anón. ret. en <i>POxy</i>.410.4, κατὰ τὴν ἀρχήν Ptol.<i>Iudic</i>.14.7, tb. sólo en ac. ἀρχήν Hdt.1.9, 2.28, 8.132, τὰς ἀρχάς Plb.4.28.3, 16.22.8<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. ac. del rel. [[desde el principio]] τὴν ἀρχήν And.3.20, τὴν ἀρχὴν ὅ τι καὶ λαλῶ ὑμῖν; <i>Eu.Io</i>.8.25<br /><b class="num">•</b>τὴν ἀρχήν Archestr.<i>SHell</i>.142.3.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[primicias]] ἀρχὴν θερισμοῦ LXX <i>Ex</i>.34.22.<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[en principio]] ἀρχῆς γὰρ φιλαίτιος λεώς pues el pueblo es en principio crítico</i> A.<i>Supp</i>.485<br /><b class="num">•</b>en cont. neg. ἀρχήν [[en absoluto]], [[absolutamente]] ἀρχὰν γὰρ οὐδὲ γνωσσούμενον ἐσσεῖται en absoluto habrá conocimiento</i> Philol.B 3, οὐδὲ πειρᾶται ἀρχὴν φέρειν Hdt.1.193, cf. 3.39, 4.25, ἀρχὴν δὲ θηρᾶν οὐ πρέπει τἀμήχανα no conviene en absoluto perseguir lo imposible</i> S.<i>Ant</i>.92, cf. S.<i>Ph</i>.1239, <i>El</i>.439, Antipho 5.73, Pl.<i>Grg</i>.478c, D.23.93, Teles 3 p.30.<br /><b class="num">II</b> en cont. fil. y cien.<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[primer principio]], [[principio filosófico]] ἐξ ἀρχῆς γὰρ [[ἀνάγκη]] πᾶν τὸ γιγνόμενον γίγνεσθαι, αὐτὴν δὲ μηδ' ἐξ ἐνός· εἰ γὰρ ἔκ τοῦ ἀ. γίγνοιτο, οὐκ ἂν ἔτι ἀρχῆς γίγνοιτο Pl.<i>Phdr</i>.245d, ἅπαντα γὰρ ἢ ἀ. ἢ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, τοῦ δὲ ἀπείρου οὐκ ἔστιν ἀ. Arist.<i>Ph</i>.203^b7<br /><b class="num">•</b>esp. en la fil. presocrática: Anaximand.B 1, cf. Epimenid.B 5, Archyt.B 9<br /><b class="num">•</b>convirtiéndose en un tópico de la fil. gr.: [[δεῖ]] ... τῶν πρώτων ἀρχῶν ... εἶναι θεωρητικήν debe existir una especulación sobre los primeros principios</i> Arist.<i>Metaph</i>.982^b9, τοῦτο στοιχεῖον καὶ ταύτην ἀρχήν φασιν εἶναι τῶν ὄντων Arist.<i>Metaph</i>.995^b8, Ἡράκλειτος δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν εἶναί φησι ψυχήν Arist.<i>de An</i>.405^a25, ὁ νοῦς οὐκ ἐστι ἀ. πάντων Porph.<i>Sent</i>.43, ἀρχαὶ ... καὶ ... αἰτίαι Aristid.Quint.3.16, (τὸ ὄν) εἰ ἔστιν ἡ ζητουμένη πάντων ἀ. Dam.<i>Pr</i>.21, πρῶτος αὐτὸς ἀρχὴν ὀνομάσας τὸ ὑποκείμενον Simp.<i>in Ph</i>.150.23, ἀρχὰς μὲν τὸν Θεὸν καὶ τὴν ὕλην ... στοιχεῖα δὲ τέσσαρα <i>Placit</i>.1.3.25<br /><b class="num">•</b>en fil. aristotélica y posterior clasificada diversamente: ὑλική Arist.<i>PA</i> 640^b5, μεταβλητική Arist.<i>Metaph</i>.1020^a5, 1049^a7, πρακτική Arist.<i>EN</i> 1144^a35, ζωτική Plu.2.703b<br /><b class="num">•</b>medic. [[órgano principal]], [[principio]] ἀρχαὶ μὲν οὖν εἰσιν [[ἐγκέφαλος]], καρδία, ἧπαρ καὶ ὄρχεις Gal.1.319.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en lóg. τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, τὸ ἐν ἀρχῇ αἰτεῖν, λαμβάνειν presuponer lo que se ha de probar</i>, incurrir en petitio principii</i> Arist.<i>APr</i>.40^b32, 41^b8, <i>Metaph</i>.1006^a17.<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[principios morales]] τῶν πράξεων τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ ὑποθέσεις ἀληθεῖς ... εἶναι προσήκει D.2.10, ἔχει ἀρχὴν [[ἄλλην]] ἐλευθέραν (el hombre) tiene otros principios libres</i> Plot.3.3.4, τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς ἀρχῆς τῶν λογίων τοῦ Θεοῦ los principios elementales de las enseñanzas divinas</i>, <i>Ep.Hebr</i>.5.12.<br /><b class="num">B</b> en sent. concr. o local<br /><b class="num">I</b> <b class="num">1</b>[[cabo]], [[extremo]] de cuerdas σπάσας τὴν ἀρχὴν τοῦ στρόφου tirando del cabo de la cuerda</i> Hdt.4.60, πλεκτὰς πεισμάτων ἀρχάς E.<i>Hipp</i>.761, ἐκδήσας ἀρχὴν ἀγαθίδος λίνου Aen.Tact.18.14, de vendas ἀπὸ δύο ἀρχέων Hp.<i>Off</i>.9, τὰς ... ἀρχὰς τοῦ πολυπάστου los extremos de una polea</i> Hero <i>Bel</i>.84, τέσσαρσιν ἀρχαῖς καθιέμενον <i>Act.Ap</i>.10.11, ἐπὶ ταῖς δυσὶ ... ἀρχαῖς D.P.<i>Au</i>.3.11<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[cabecera]] de un camino ἐν ἀρχῇ ὁδοῦ LXX <i>Ez</i>.21.25, cf. 16.25<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[brazo]] de un río LXX <i>Ge</i>.2.10.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[comienzo]], [[origen]] ξυνὸν γὰρ ἀ. καὶ πέρας ἐπὶ κύκλου περιφερείας comunes son comienzo y fin de la circunferencia</i> Heraclit.B 103, ἀρχὰ τᾶς ἕλικος origen, punto de partida de la espiral</i> Archim.<i>Spir</i>.11 <i>Def</i>.2.<br /><b class="num">3</b> lit. [[comienzo]] de un poema σκολίου Pi.<i>Fr</i>.122.14<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[proemio]] μέρη δὲ τοῦ κιθαρωδικοῦ νόμου, Τερπάνδρου κατανείματος ἑπτά· [[ἀρχά]], μεταρχά ... Poll.4.66.<br /><b class="num">C</b> ref. a jerarquías, etc.<br /><b class="num">1</b> gener. de abstr. [[autoridad]], [[poder]], [[mando]] ἀ. ἄνδρα δείξει la autoridad descubrirá al hombre</i> Bias en Arist.<i>EN</i> 1130^a1, ἀρχάς τε πολισσονόμους ἕξει obtendrá autoridad que gobierna la ciudad</i> A.<i>Ch</i>.864, ἐς ταύτην τὴν ἀρχήν Hdt.3.80, cf. 4.147, τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρχὰς σέβων S.<i>Ant</i>.744, τῆσδ' ἔχων χθονὸς ἀρχήν teniendo el poder sobre esta tierra</i> S.<i>OT</i> 737, ἔχων τῶν νεῶν τὴν ἀρχήν teniendo el mando de la escuadra</i> Th.3.90, Ἱππίας ... ἔσχε τὴν ἀρχήν Hipias recibió el poder</i> Th.6.54, ἀντὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς δουλείαν ἀλλάξασθαι cambiar soberanía por esclavitud</i> And.2.27, διὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς θαλάττης por el dominio del mar</i> X.<i>Ath</i>.2.7, μεγάλην μέντἂν ἀρχὴν ... εἴης εὑρηκώς un gran poder habrías descubierto</i> D.21.196, ἡ ἑαυτῶν ἀ. su propio poder</i>, <i>Ep.Iud</i>.6, cf. αἱ ἀρχαὶ αὐτῶν quizá sus autoridades</i> (trad. del hebr. <i>hra’ sēhem</i>) LXX <i>Ps</i>.138.17<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. [[reinado]] (pero cf. <i>infra</i> 4) πρὸ δὲ τῆς Κροίσσου ἀρχῆς antes del reinado de Creso</i> Hdt.1.6<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[control]] [[ἄμοιρος]] ἀρχῆς κρείττονος privado de control superior</i> Plu.2.744e.<br /><b class="num">2</b> de manifestaciones concr. del poder [[magistratura]], [[cargo]] ὅτε Σόλων εἰσῄει τὴν ἀρχήν cuando Solón ocupó el cargo</i> Sol.<i>Lg</i>.49a, cf. D.59.72, ἐπὶ τε͂ς ἀρχε͂ς en la magistratura</i>, <i>IG</i> 1³.59.39 (V a.C.), καθιστάμενοι εἰς τὴν ἀρχήν ocupando el cargo</i> Th.8.70, Ἑλληνοταμίαι τότε πρῶτον Ἀθηναίοις κατέστη ἀ. Th.1.96, Κιθηροδίκης ἀ. cargo de juez de Citera</i> Th.4.53, αἱ ἔνδημοι ἀρχαί las autoridades locales</i> Th.5.47, del «imperio» de Pericles ἐγίγνετο λόγῳ μὲν [[δημοκρατία]], ἔργῳ δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ πρώτου ἀνδρὸς ἀ. Th.2.65, τῆς δ' ἀρχῆς αὐτῷ λοιποὶ δύο μῆνες ἦσαν le quedaban dos meses en el cargo</i> Antipho 6.42, παραδιδόασιν αὐτοὺς τῇ ἀρχῇ los entregan a los magistrados</i> Antipho 5.48, ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν al magistrado</i> Is.1.3, παραδιδόντων ταῖς ἀρχαῖς entreguen a los magistrados</i> Decr. en And.<i>Myst</i>.83, ἀρχὰς ἔλαχεν καὶ ἦρξεν δοκιμασθείς D.57.25, ἡ ἀ. παραλαβοῦσα παρὰ τῆς προτέρας ἀρχῆς habiendo recibido los magistrados (la lista) de la anterior magistratura</i> D.47.22, μηδὲ ἀρχὴν ἀρχέτω μηδεμίαν ni ejerza ninguna magistratura</i> Ley en Aeschin.1.21, ἀρχαὶ καὶ λειτουργίαι <i>POxy</i>.1119.16 (III d.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>aplicado tb. a gobernantes gener. (ἐδάη) πομποὺς ἀρχάς (reconoció) a los caudillos de la guerra</i> A.<i>A</i>.125<br /><b class="num">•</b>aplicado tb. a edificios ἐπὶ τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ δικαστηρίῳ <i>PHal</i>.1.226 (III a.C.).<br /><b class="num">3</b> ref. a la jerarquía celestial [[principado]] οὔτε ἄγγελοι οὔτε ἀρχαί <i>Ep.Rom</i>.8.38, cf. <i>Ep.Eph</i>.6.12.<br /><b class="num">4</b> de territorios, en sent. propio o fig. [[imperio]], [[circunscripción]], [[reino]] μεγάλην ἀρχὴν καταλύσειν Hdt.1.91, ἀρχὰς ... εἴκοσι, τὰς αὐτοὶ καλέουσι σατραπηίας Hdt.3.89, ἡ Περδίκκου ἀ. Th.4.128, del imperio ateniense οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τήν τε ἀρχὴν ἐγκρατεστέραν κατεστήσαντο Th.1.118.<br /><b class="num">5</b> aplicado a un conjunto de tropas [[unidad]] ἐξῆλθεν ... τρισὶν ἀρχαῖς LXX 1<i>Re</i>.13.17.<br /><b class="num">D</b> otros usos<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[suma]], [[censo]] λάβετε ἀρχὴν πάσης συναγωγῆς LXX <i>Nu</i>.1.2.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[εἶδος]] μελίσσης ἀκέντρου Hsch.<br /><b class="num">E</b> personif. mit.<br /><b class="num">1</b> una de las cuatro Musas, Arat.<i>SHell</i>.87.<br /><b class="num">2</b> como advocación de Adonis Ἀρχήν τ' ἠδὲ πέρας Orph.<i>H</i>.proem.42.