θύω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A), impf. <b class="b3">ἔθυον</b>, Ep. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> θῦον <span class="bibl">Od.15.222</span>, Ion. θύεσκον <span class="bibl">Hippon. 37</span>: fut. <b class="b3">θύσω [ῡ</b>] <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>1141</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>909d</span>, <span class="bibl">Henioch.5.10</span>, Dor. θυσῶ <span class="bibl">Theoc. 2.33</span>; 3pl. θυσέοντι <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).452 (Thera): aor. ἔθῡσα <span class="bibl">Od.9.231</span>, etc., Ep. θῦσα <span class="bibl">14.446</span>: pf. τέθῠκα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1062</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>328c</span>:—Med., fut. θύσομαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>340</span> (as Pass., <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.197</span>): aor. ἐθυσάμην <span class="bibl">Th.4.92</span>, (ἐκ-) <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.91</span>, etc.:—Pass., fut. τῠθήσομαι <span class="bibl">D.S.16.91</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">DDeor.</span>4.2</span>: aor. <b class="b3">ἐτύθην [ῠ</b>] <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.216</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>242</span>, <span class="bibl">Philem.155.2</span> (part. written θυθέν <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Sam.</span>185</span>, cf. τὴν βοῦν τὴν θυθεῖσαν <span class="title">IG</span>12(7).241 (Amorgos, iii B.C.), etc.): pf. τέθῠμαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>341</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1034</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">HG</span>3.5.5</span> (in med. sense, <span class="bibl">5.1.18</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>7.8.21</span>): plpf. ἐτέθῠτο <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>3.1.23</span>. [ῡ in fut. and aor., ῠ in pf. Act. and Pass., and aor. Pass.; ῡ generally in pres. and impf., exc. in trisyll. cases of part., θῠοντα <span class="bibl">Od.15.260</span>, θύοντες <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>491</span>, but θύεσκε <span class="bibl">Hippon. 37</span>; <b class="b3">ἔθύε, θύων</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">O.</span>10(11).57</span>,<span class="bibl">13.69</span>; <b class="b3">θύειν</b>, at the end of a line, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>1141</span> (s.v. l., fort. <b class="b3">θύη</b>), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyc.</span>334</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>792</span> (spoken by a Megarian); <b class="b3">θύεις, θύω</b>, <span class="bibl">Strato Com.1.19</span>, <span class="bibl">20</span>; <b class="b3">θύωντι</b> 3pl. pres. subj., <span class="bibl">Theoc.4.21</span>.] </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> Act., <b class="b2">offer by burning</b> meat or drink to the gods (τὸ θύειν δωρεῖσθαί ἐστι τοῖς θεοῖς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>14c</span>), θεοῖσι δὲ θῦσαι ἀνώγει Πάτροκλον... ὁ δ' ἐν πυρὶ βάλλε θυηλάς <span class="bibl">Il.9.219</span>, cf. Aristarch. ap. Sch.adloc., <span class="title">Com.Adesp.</span>7D. (ap. <span class="bibl">Phryn.<span class="title">PS</span>p.74</span> B.); <b class="b3">ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄρ γματα θῦσε θεοῖς</b>, of a drink-offering, <span class="bibl">Od.14.446</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.260</span>; so <b class="b3">ἔνθα δὲ πῦρ κήαντες ἐθύσαμεν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τῶν τυρῶν</b>) <b class="b2">made an offering</b> of cheese, <span class="bibl">9.231</span>; θ. ἀκρόθινα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).57</span>; <b class="b3">πέλανον, δεῖπνα</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>204</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>109</span>; <b class="b3">πυρούς, ναστούς</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>565</span>, <span class="bibl">567</span>: c. dat. rei, <b class="b3">θ. τούτῳ ὅ τι ἔχοι ἕκαστος</b> (with v.l. [[τοῦτο]]) <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.50</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">sacrifice, slay</b> a victim, [<b class="b3">τῷ ἡλίῳ] θ. ἵππους</b> (v.l. [[ἵπποισι]]) ib. <span class="bibl">216</span>; ταῦρον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.69</span>; αὑτοῦ παῖδα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1417</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>532</span>, etc.; ἱρά <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.59</span>; ἱερεῖα <span class="bibl">Th.1.126</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">θ. θῦμα, θυσίαν</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>290e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span> 362c</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">θ. διαβατήρια, ἐπινίκια</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Luc.</span>24</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>173a</span>, etc.:—Pass., <b class="b3">τὰ τεθυμένα</b> <b class="b2">the flesh of the victim</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.3.14</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ τεθ. ἱερά</b> ib.<span class="bibl">3.5.5</span>; τὰ θυόμενα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lac.</span>15.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> simply, <b class="b2">slaughter</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.126</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1062</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Is.</span>22.13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> abs., <b class="b2">offer sacrifice</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.31</span>.al., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>594</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>161.2</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1159</span>; <b class="b3">τοῖσι θεοῖσι θ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pherecr. 23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.60</span>, <span class="bibl">8.138</span>; θεῶν ἕνεκα <span class="bibl">Men.129.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">celebrate</b> with offerings or sacrifices, <b class="b3">σῶστρα θ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.118</span>; γενέθλια Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.121c; Λύκαια, Ἡράκλεια <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.2.10</span>, <span class="bibl">D.19.86</span>; ἐλευθέρια <span class="bibl">Henioch.5.10</span>; γάμους <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>55</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> c. dupl.acc., <b class="b3">εὐαγγέλια θ. ἑκατὸν βοῦς</b> <b class="b2">sacrifice</b> a hundred oxen <b class="b2">for</b> the good news, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>656</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">Ἑστίᾳ θύειν</b>, prov. of niggards, because sacrifices to Hestia admitted no one to share the offering, <span class="bibl">Theopomp.Com.28</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Med., <b class="b2">cause</b> a victim <b class="b2">to be offered</b>, τῶν θυμάτων ὧν δεῖ θύεσθαι καὶ παρίστασθαι <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1390.65 (Andania, i B.C.), etc.: hence freq. abs., <b class="b2">consult the gods</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.189</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>340</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ Κρότωνα, ἐπὶ τῷ Πέρσῃ</b>, i.e. on marching <b class="b2">against…</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.44</span>, <span class="bibl">9.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.8.21</span>; <b class="b3">θύεσθαι ἐπ' ἐξόδῳ</b> ib. <span class="bibl">6.4.9</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπὲρ τῆς μονῆς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">5.6.27</span>: c. inf., <b class="b3">θ. ἰέναι</b> <b class="b2">offer sacrifice</b> [to learn] whether to go or not, ib.<span class="bibl">2.2.3</span>; also <b class="b3">ἐθυόμην εἰ βέλτιον εἴη</b> ib.<span class="bibl">6.1.31</span> (so in Act., <b class="b3">ἔθυε</b> (v.l. [[ἐθύετο]]) <b class="b3"> τῷ Διί… πότερά οἱ λῷον καὶ ἄμεινον εἴη…</b> ib.<span class="bibl">7.6.44</span>); <b class="b3">διαβατήρια θύεσθαι</b>, as in Act., <span class="bibl">Th.5.54</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b2">tear in pieces</b>, of wild beasts, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>137</span> (lyr.). (Hence <b class="b3">θυμός</b>, cf. Skt.<b class="b2">dhūmás</b>, Lat. <b class="b2">fumus</b> 'smoke', <b class="b3">θυμιάω, θύος, θυήλημα, τύφω</b>, perh. <b class="b3">θεῖον</b> (A), Lat. <b class="b2">suffire</b>; cf. sq.)</span><br /><span class="bld">θύω</span> (B) [ῡ], aor. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἔθῡσα <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>82</span>:—<b class="b2">rage, seethe</b>, ἄνεμος μὲν ἐπαύσατο λαίλαπι θύων <span class="bibl">Od.12.400</span>; <b class="b3">Ζέφυρος μεγάλῃ σὺν λαίλαπι θύων</b> ib. <span class="bibl">408</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>621</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>874</span>; of a swollen river, <b class="b3">ὁ δ' ἐπέσσυτο οἴδματι θύων</b> <b class="b2">seething</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.21.234</span>; <b class="b3">ὑψόσε θύων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">324</span>; of a wind-swept sea, ὁ δ' ἔστενεν οἴδματι θύων <span class="bibl">23.230</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>109</span>,<span class="bibl">131</span>; of the wake of a ship, κῦμα δ' ὄπισθε πορφύρεον μέγα θῦε <span class="bibl">Od.13.85</span>; <b class="b3">δάπεδον δ' ἅπαν αἵματι θῦεν</b> the ground <b class="b2">seethed</b> with blood, <span class="bibl">11.420</span>, <span class="bibl">22.309</span>; of persons, <b class="b2">storm, rage</b>, ἦ γὰρ ὅ γ' ὀλοιῇσι φρεσὶ θύει <span class="bibl">Il.1.342</span>; ἔγχεϊ θῦεν <span class="bibl">11.180</span>; κασιγνήτα μένει θύοισα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.33</span>; θύουσαν Ἅιδου μητέρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 1235</span>; πυκνὰ δέ οἱ κραδίη ἔντοσθεν ἔθυεν <span class="bibl">A.R.3.755</span> (v.l. [[ἔθυιεν]]): c.inf., <b class="b2">desire eagerly</b>, <b class="b3">ἐνισπεῖν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">685</span>; of a horse, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Fr.</span>82</span>; of a serpent, <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>129</span> (v.l. [[θυίῃσι]]). [ῡ always: for <b class="b3">θύμενος [ῠ</b>] is f.l. for [[σύμενος]] in Pratin.Lyr.<span class="bibl">1.4</span>.] <b class="b3">θυίω</b> (q. v.) should perh. be preferred in later Ep., and is cj. in Pi.l.c. (Cf. Lett. <b class="b2">dusmas</b> (pl.) 'anger', <b class="b2">dusēt</b> 'puff', 'pant', Lat. <b class="b2">fǔro</b> (fr. <b class="b2">dhǔs-</b>), <b class="b3">θύελλα, θυίω, θυιάς</b> (orig. <b class="b2">madwoman</b>); prob. cogn. with foreg.)</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1228.png Seite 1228]] vgl. [[θύνω]] u. [[θυνέω]]; θῦε, Od. 15, 222; θυετε, Eur. I. A. 1348; aber θύοντα mit kurzem υ Od. 15, 260, vgl. Hippon. Ath. IX, 370 c, s. zu Ende; θύσω, dor. θυσῶ, Theocr. 2, 33; perf. τέθυκα, mit kurzem υ, Ar. Lys. 1062; aor. pass. ἐτύθην, mit kurzem υ, Aesch. Ch. 240; sync. aor. med. θύμενος Pratin. bei Ath. XIV, 617 d; – 1) <b class="b2">opfern</b>; bei Hom. nur vom Verbrennen der ἀπαρχαί, bei den Att. auch vom Schlachten der Opferthiere, s. Lehrs Aristarch. ed. 2 p. 82; ἄργματα θῦσε θεοῖς Od. 14, 446; θεοῖσι δὲ θῦσαι ἀνώγει Il. 9, 219, wo darauf folgt ὁ δ' ἐν πυρὶ βάλλε θυηλάς, Od. 9, 231 πῦρ [[κείαντες]] ἐθύσαμεν, wo sie nur von dem Käse, den sie essen, den Göttern Etwas darbringen können, was Ath. V, 179 c ἀπαρχὰς τῶν βρωμάτων νέμειν τοῖς θεοῖς erkl.; Od. 15, 222 u. 260 ist von einer Libation auf dem Schiffe die Rede; – übh. <b class="b2">opfern</b> Pind. Ol. 11, 59. 13, 66; ἀποτρόποισι δαίμοσι [[θῦσαι]] πέλανον Aesch. Pers. 200; νυκτίσεμνα δεῖπν' ἐπ' ἐσχάρᾳ πυρὸς ἔθυον Eum. 109; Ἀργείοισιν εὔχεσθαι [[χρεών]], θύειν τε λεί. βειν τε Suppl. 459; ἔθυσεν [[αὑτοῦ]] παῖδα Ag. 1391; καὶ τῆς τυθείσης νηλεῶς ὁμοσπόρου Ch. 240, wie τὴν σὴν ὅμαιμον [[θῦσαι]] θεοῖσιν Soph. El. 522; ξένους Eur. I. T. 278; übertr., schlachten, <b class="b2">morden</b>, ξίφει θύουσα [[θῆλυς]] ἄρσενας ib. 1332; ἀπαρχάς Ar. Ran. 1239; κριθάς, πυρούς, μελιττούτας Av. 565 ff.; δεκάτην 922; χοῖρον Ach. 758; übh. <b class="b2">schlachten</b>, [[δελφάκιον]] Lys. 1062; τῷ ἡλίῳ θύουσι ἵππους Her. 1, 216; ἱερεῖα Thuc. 1, 126 u. Folgde oft; τὰ μέγιστα θύματα Plat. Polit. 290 e; θυσίας Rep. IV, 419 u. öfter; Euthyph. 14 c [[οὐκοῦν]] τὸ θύειν δωρεῖσθαί ἐστι τοῖς θεοῖς. – Auch pass.; τεθυμένα [[ἱερά]] Xen. Hell. 3, 4, 4 u. sonst. – Selten c. gen., λιβανωτοῦ D. C. 56, 31. – Man bemerke noch εὐαγγέλια θύειν ἑκατὸν [[βοῦς]] Ar. Equ. 654, hundert Stiere für die glückliche Nachricht opfern; βασιλέως [[γενέθλια]] ἅπασα θύει καὶ ἑορτάζει ἡ [[Ἀσία]], Asien feiert mit Opfern den Geburtstag des Königs, Plat. Alc. I, 121 c; γάμους θύειν Plut. Pomp. 55, [[διαβατήρια]] Lucull. 24, [[διαβατήρια]] θύεσθαι Thuc. 5, 54, σωτήρια, Opfer für die Rettung, Xen. An. 3, 2, 9, εὐχαριστήρια, Dankopfer, Pol. 5, 14, 8. – Med. <b class="b2">opfern lassen</b>, ein Opfer veranstalten; Ἀθηναίοις θυσαμένοις πρὸ τοῦ λοιμοῦ Plat. Conv. 201 d Rep. II, 378 a; bes. ein Opferthier schlachten lassen, um aus den Eingeweiden Kunde über den Ausgang einer Sache zu erhalten, ἐγένετο θυομένοισι τὰ σφάγια χρηστά Her. 9, 62, ἐθύετο καὶ καλλιερέετο 7, 167; θυομένῳ ἐπὶ Κρότωνα, in Beziehung auf den Marsch gegen Kroton, 5, 44 (vgl. Xen. An. 7, 8, 21); ἐπὶ τῷ Πέρσῃ 9, 10; ἐπ' ἐξόδῳ ἐθύετο Εενοφῶν, er opferte, um über den Ausfall eines Streifzuges Etwas zu erfahren, Xen. An. 6, 2, 9; ἐπὶ τούτοις ἐθύσαντο 3, 5, 18, wo Krüger viele Beispiele der Art, auch von [[περί]] τινος, beibringt; ὑπὲρ τῆς μονῆς 5, 6, 27; c. inf., ἐμοὶ θυομένῳ ἰέναι ἐπὶ [[βασιλέα]] οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ [[ἱερά]] 2, 2, 3, wenn man nicht besser den inf. zu ἐγίγνετο τὰ [[ἱερά]] bezieht; mit indirekter Frage, ἐθυόμην, εἰ βέλτιον εἴη 5, 9, 31, vgl. 7, 2, 15, ich opferte, um zu erfahren, ob es besser sei. – 2) im praes. u. impf. von jeder heftigen, ungestümen Bewegung, <b class="b2">daherstürmen</b>, daherbrausen (vgl. θέω u. [[σεύω]]); vom brausenden Sturme, [[ἄνεμος]] λαίλαπι od. σὺν λαίλαπι θύων, Od. 12, 400. 408; ἀνέμων θύουσιν ἀῆται Hes. O. 619; Th. 875; von daherwogenden Fluthen u. Flüssen, ὁ δ' ἐπέσσυτο οἴδματι θύων Il. 21, 234; 23, 230; [[κῦμα]] δ' [[ὄπισθεν]] μέγα θῦε θαλάσσης Od. 13, 84; [[πόντος]] [[ἀπείριτος]] οἴδματι θύων Hes. Th. 109; [[δάπεδον]] αἵματι θῦεν, der Boden wogte, schäumte od. dampfte von Blut, Od. 11, 420. 22, 309. 24, 184. Auch von Menschen, in leidenschaftlicher Bewegung sein, <b class="b2">rasen</b>, toben; ἔγχεϊ θῦεν, er wüthete mit dem Speer in der Schlacht, Il. 11, 180. 16, 699; ἦ γὰρ ὅ γ' ὀλοῇσι φρεσὶ θύει, [[οὐδέ]] τι οἶδε νοῆσαι 1, 342; vom Zorn, κασιγνήταν μένει θύοισαν Pind. P. 3, 33. Von der Schlange, Nic. Th. 128; im sync. aor., θύμενος ἀν' ὄρεα Pratin. Ath. XIV, 617 d. Nach Hesych. auch = ἐνθουσιᾷν. – Der gemeinschaftliche Begriff beider Bdign scheint der des Auffahrens, Aufloderns zu sein. [In θύειν brauchen Eur. El. 1136 Cycl. 334 u. Ar. Ach. 758 das υ kurz, wie einige andere Komiker, Mein. Men. p. 254; Pind. scheint es in der ersten Bedeutung kurz, in der zweiten lang gebraucht zu haben; so ist auch in den abgeleiteten Wörtern, die den Begriff des Opferns ausdrücken, wie [[θυσία]], [[θυηλή]], das υ kurz; wo der Begriff der Bewegung vorherrscht, [[θυμός]], [[θύνω]] ist es lang; in anderen schwankt die Quantität wie die Bdtg.]